Chapter 245: Death due to drought, death due to waterlogging

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Chen Wanqing sent Liu Gong and others to the elevator and returned to the A501 office, without mentioning the matter just now.
While washing her hands, she greeted: "I'm going to do the experiment. I will use the pyridine reagent later, so don't enter the laboratory."
"Okay." "Sister, pay attention to safety." Xu Qiu and Han Jiaying said in peace.
At this moment, they were sitting side by side at a desk, under the desk, the school girl's legs were swinging restlessly.
On the computer screen, there are several synthesis-related documents, some of which involve microwave reactions, of course, most of them are ordinary synthesis reactions.
After all, not all research groups have the conditions to use microwave reactors.
In the scientific research circle, the distribution of resources is also very unbalanced, such as death due to drought and death due to waterlogging.
Teacher Wei, who is directly rated as "Qingqian" by returning to China, is not as good as "Yangtze River" and has rich academician resources, but the starting point is not too low. In other words, there are 3 million start-up funds, and there are many follow-up research projects There are millions of people who barely make up.
Many professors reluctantly comment on a general project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. They have 600,000 yuan in four years, and some are even less. It is basically impossible for them to buy more expensive instruments, and even a disposable glove requires students. Repeat for several days.
The research team has no money, no advanced equipment, low efficiency of students, and many fields can't even enter.
For example, if you do organic photovoltaics, there is no glove box, no simulated solar light source, no vapor deposition equipment, no glue spreader, then be a hammer.
And these instruments and equipment add up to almost 500,000-600,000, which can directly hollow out all the assets of a small research group.
Although Xu Qiu went to PY for a TRPL before and asked Teacher Wei to PY a heated glue spreader from Gong Yuanjiang, in fact, the instruments of Teacher Wei's research group are very complete.
Usually many students from other research groups come to PY Instruments.
For example, once a student who made a lithium battery came to borrow an electrochemical workstation. The battery they produced needed repeated charging and discharging tests. However, that time was a special situation. The other party’s research group’s instrument was broken and the article urgently needed data. Find Teacher Wei through Wu Feifei's relationship.
Another example is Cao Zhongjiang, another associate professor of optoelectronic materials in the Department of Materials. They mainly do perovskites. The group is very poor. There is no simulated solar light source and no glove box. The devices are prepared by directly exposed to the air. After completion, use epoxy resin to quickly seal, or use glass tube to seal and vacuum.
After Cao Zhongjiang's students finished the devices, they ran over to simulate the solar light source to test the device performance.
As a result, the efficiency of the MAPbI3 system is only 1%.
We must know that this system is now a perovskite standard system, and the highest international efficiency record is close to 20%.
Regarding the level of hardware in a laboratory like Cao Zhongjiang, it is impossible to think about what progress and breakthroughs can be made.
Xu Qiu was also there at the time, listening to Wu Feifei and Cao Zhongjiang’s student exchanges, their idea was to publish a Chinese core journal or SCI area three or four earlier, and just graduate.
Fortunately, Cao Zhongjiang is not a doctoral supervisor, and there are no doctoral students in the group. Otherwise, once a student enters the group, how to graduate will be a problem and the road will be blocked.
"Brother, this is the document," Han Jiaying pointed to the PDF file on the screen and said:
"When I was planning the reaction conditions, I referred to their reaction conditions, but they used a microwave reaction. The reaction time was 4 hours, the temperature was 120 degrees Celsius, and the yield was 80%. Our reaction was similar. Controlled at 120 degrees Celsius, the reaction time was extended to 24 hours, but the yield was only 40%."
Xu Qiu took a closer look. He had read this article before and still had some impressions about a bridged PDI dimer.
The reaction in the literature is very similar to the two reactions he cast today, that is, the reaction of introducing borate on the aromatic ring using iridium catalysis and the reaction of diboronic acid pinacol ester. The only difference is that the raw materials used are different. He used branches. B3T and B4T are linear molecules in the literature.
After thinking a little bit inwardly, Xu Qiu analyzed:
"On the one hand, the raw materials in the literature are linear molecules with only two reaction sites on both sides, while our reaction has three and four reaction sites. Naturally, their reactions will be easier than ours, and the high yield is understandable. ."
"On the other hand, if you look at their entire reaction path, there are seven reactions. Only this step and the next Suzuki reaction use a microwave reactor. Other times, they are under normal reaction conditions, so..." , Xu Qiu paused deliberately to let the schoolgirl think for herself.
"Um..." Han Jiaying tilted her head and thought for a while, and said, "It may be that these two reactions involving borate raw materials are more compatible with microwave reactors."
"Well, basically for this reason," Xu Qiu smiled and explained further:
"This also shows that not all synthesis reactions are necessary to use microwave synthesis, because the author of this article is from a large research group with strong organic synthesis experimental skills. They will certainly not lack the microwave reactor. This equipment, since microwave synthesis is not used in the other five reactions, it is probably unnecessary to use it.
Of course, the conclusions obtained in the literature are ultimately the experience of others. We still have to try it ourselves before we know how to change it into our own experience. "
Han Jiaying nodded thoughtfully, and then said: "You can try the reaction of introducing borate first and see the effect after using the microwave reactor."
"Let’s wait for tomorrow, today we have to go back to the Handan campus earlier," Xu Qiu thought for a while, and suggested: "The 4-hour microwave reaction in the literature has a yield of 80%. Our reaction is more difficult. You can try to change the reaction. Time increased to 6 hours."
"Okay, then I will try according to this condition tomorrow." Han Jiaying agreed.
"Right," Xu Qiu said suddenly: "Liu Gong just said that microwaves are harmful to the human body. Although the instrument can confine most of the microwaves it generates inside the cavity, some of the microwave radiation will inevitably escape. Come out, so when the instrument is turned on, it’s best to stay away from the instrument."
"Yeah," Han Jiaying nodded, "I also know a little bit about this before. I can buy a bellyband that is anti-microwave radiation."
"Radiation-proof bellyband..." Xu Qiu turned his head and looked at the school girl's flat abdomen with a weird expression. Some grooves started to vomit.
Han Jiaying didn't seem to notice Xu Qiu's abnormality. She continued to ask like a curious baby, "Brother, what is the principle of microwave response?"
Speaking of which, when the two get along, academic exchanges account for the vast majority...
Xu Qiu copied Liu Gong’s skills, and now he knows better about microwaves and microwave reactors, and carefully explained:
"Microwave is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength below 1 meter. In fact, microwaves are not uncommon in life. Any object will radiate microwaves, and the lower the temperature, the stronger the microwave radiation..."
"...Microwave has a much lower energy level than laser, but it can produce several times or even dozens of times higher efficiency than conventional methods at the same temperature or even lower temperature. For this high efficiency, the academic community The viewpoints are different. So far there is no rigorous theory that can explain the mechanism of microwave reaction well..."
"...Although the mechanism is not clear, it does not affect people's use of it."
Xu Qiu talked eloquently for a few minutes, and Han Jiaying's mind was filled with new knowledge, she was a little dazed, and she nodded gently while slowly digesting it.
After a while, Chen Wanqing returned from the laboratory and opened the door to enter A502.
Xu Qiu subconsciously sniffed in the direction of the senior sister. This time he didn't smell pyridine, but he didn't think much.
What he didn't know was that after finishing the experiment, the senior sister walked to the ventilation window at the end of the corridor and waited for a full ten minutes before returning to the office.
The three rested for a while, went to the school bus spot together, and took the school bus back to Handan campus at 4:30.
On the school bus, Han Jiaying leaned on Xu Qiu's shoulder and fell asleep.
Xu Qiu closed his eyes and rested, thinking about the process of the next experiment.
Today, he did not make any components. On the one hand, the microwave reactor was to be inspected in the afternoon. On the other hand, he had already made three batches in a row, and he did not intend to repeat it.
With the current 3D-PDI system, the device performance is stuck at 7.83%. It is said that it is a shortfall, but it is actually a bottleneck.
Xu Qiu felt that if he kept the head iron and repeated the device, at most, it would repeat 7.83% of the simulation laboratory, it would be difficult to break through to more than 8%.
Moreover, according to his idea, since he wants to break the record, he must actually make a breakthrough. It is best to get around 8.3% or even higher, which is a little bit behind the original record.
Otherwise, it just breaks through from 7.92% to 8.00%, which is not enough.
This is not an upgrade of Daguai. From the seventh-order Dzogchen upgrade to the early stage of the eighth-order, there is a leap-forward improvement, the numbers are continuous, and 0.1% is only 0.1%.
Of course, if it can reach 9% or more, it would be better, but he still has a B number. For his current system, there is a high probability that it will not go up.
As for how to achieve further improvement, Xu Qiu still has a plan on the whole. He intends to find a breakthrough from other means of representation.
Just like when optimizing PCE11, he was first inspired by the changes in the UV-vis spectrum provided by his senior sister, and then combined a series of experimental methods such as DSC, TEM, GIWAXS, etc., to get the important point that "PCE11 has high crystallinity" Conclusion, and then lead him to make the corresponding device optimization.
And now he is studying the 3D-PDI system. In addition to the common bright JV curve used to obtain the photoelectric performance of the device, there are not many other characterization methods involved~EbookFREE.me~ At present, the known clue is simple PDI The material has high crystallinity, but in the synthesized 3D-PDI molecule, whether the crystallinity is still maintained, and what the blend morphology of the effective layer material is, it is unclear.
To obtain morphological information, the common methods are AFM, TEM and GIWAXS, of which the latter two are more intuitive.
However, the timing of the light source GIWAXS is not under his control. The most recent one was scheduled in April, and there are still a few weeks to test. The TEM is an instrument of the Chemistry Department and it is also available in the simulation laboratory. It's more convenient.
According to his original plan, if he can't make an appointment for TEM this week, he will experiment by himself in the simulation laboratory. Now the appointment is successful, but there is no need to spend extra points.
After thinking about it for a while, Xu Qiu felt sleepy and fell asleep.
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