Chapter 416: Special material

After lunch, Xu Qiu continued to sort out the third and fourth drugs in the laboratory in the afternoon.
Because these medicines were unsealed, he was extremely careful when sorting them out.
Zhang Jiang's laboratory mainly conducts organic experiments, and generally focuses on various organic solvents.
Duan Yun and Tian Qing have also done some inorganic reactions before, so some inorganic acids, bases, and salts will also be involved.
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In addition, there are some other miscellaneous materials,
Organic solvents are relatively easy to handle.
The approximate opening date can be inferred from the production batch number on the reagent bottle, and the amount of remaining solution can be seen through the glass of the bottle.
Then, according to this information, they are divided into three or four types of drugs, the three types are packed and ready to be taken away, and the four types are left for disposal as waste liquid.
Of course, the criteria for determining the three and four categories of drugs previously defined are not completely fixed.
If it is a four-liter or five-liter solvent, even if the remaining amount is less than half, such as about one liter of solvent remaining, Xu Qiu classifies them into three categories.
After all, there is a lot left, and it is too wasteful to treat it directly as waste liquid.
In addition, there are some special presence in the solvent, such as pyridine, which has a strong taste.
During the inventory, Xu Qiu found that there were two unused bottles of 500ml pyridine left in the laboratory. One bottle was left with 1/3 and one bottle was left with about 2/3.
He thought for a while and decided to take away all of it. In theory, pyridine is an alkaline substance. It can be neutralized with acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid to form a pyridine salt, but in the actual treatment process, there must be a large amount of pyridine. When the steam escapes, the entire laboratory will smell...
However, it is not appropriate to take it away without any treatment, because the cap sealing effect of the reagent bottle is limited. After unsealing, even if the cap is blocked, some solvent molecules will also escape, and people can still vaguely get closer. Smell about.
As a result, Xu Qiu wrapped the pyridine-containing reagent bottle with tape a few times to ensure that too much pyridine would not escape during transportation.
After dealing with organic solvents, Xu Qiu continued to deal with inorganic acids, alkalis and salts.
Inorganic bases and salts are unified in a reagent cabinet, they are relatively easy to handle.
Because most of them exist in the state of solid powder or crystals, they are almost non-volatile, and there is no harm as long as they are not directly contacted or swallowed.
The types are also relatively rich, there are more than 30 kinds in total.
Among them, they include potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate for Suzuki reaction, sodium thiosulfate for iodine treatment, sodium hydroxide for preparing alkali tanks, etc., potassium fluoride for fluorination reaction...
Most of these reagents are purchased from Sinopharm, so the packaging is relatively consistent. The white opaque square plastic bottles can be placed neatly together. Xu Qiu didn't bother to disassemble the inspection one by one, and directly divided them into three categories, all of which were taken away.
The main advantage of Sinopharm is that the price is relatively cheap. For 500 grams, it is about one hundred yuan. The purity is not low, and it can reach the level of chemical purity. Most of the reagents used in the dosing reaction are chemically pure enough to be used, and there is no need to force the purity of 9s.
If they are acid, they are also placed in a reagent cabinet, and they are slightly more troublesome to handle.
The acids currently stored in the laboratory include perchloric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid, etc., all of which have been opened.
The label of the reagent bottle containing the acid has been corroded and turned yellow, and even the bottom of the reagent cabinet has a yellow mark.
Moreover, after opening the reagent cabinet, a sour smell came over.
If it is explained in a scientific way, it is that when acid molecules are inhaled into the nasal cavity, they ionize to produce hydrogen ions. The hydrogen ions are sensed by olfactory cells (maybe combined with a certain protein), and then the brain is informed by electrical signals:
"There is acid nearby, dangerous."
Among the several acids in the laboratory at the moment, perchloric acid is the most acidic of inorganic oxyacids, ranking first among the six strong inorganic acids.
Xu Qiu has not been exposed to perchloric acid in the experiment, and it may have been used by Duan Yun or Tian Qing before.
Several other acids are also strong acids. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is highly volatile and irritating;
Sulfuric acid and nitric acid have strong oxidizing properties, and when their concentration reaches a certain level, they will "smoke" during use. Therefore, high-concentration sulfuric acid and nitric acid are also called fuming sulfuric acid and fuming nitric acid.
Although they are also labeled as smoking, there is a certain difference between sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
Fuming nitric acid is an aqueous solution with a nitric acid content of 90%-97.5%, which absorbs moisture in the air, thereby violently fuming.
Fuming sulfuric acid is a sulfuric acid solution of sulfur trioxide, which has strong water absorption. When it is exposed to the air, the volatilized sulfur trioxide and water vapor in the air form fine dew drops of sulfuric acid and smoke. Oleum can be considered sulfuric acid with a concentration of more than 100%.
Although everything in the laboratory is strong acid, Xu Qiu is not panicked.
Because their toxicity is average, as long as they don't get directly on the body or clothing, there is no problem.
In fact, with the exception of hydrofluoric acid, most of the inorganic acids used in the laboratory are not dangerous as long as they are handled properly.
The hydrogen fluoride gas volatilized during use of hydrofluoric acid can be absorbed through human skin and cause poisoning.
Gaseous toxic substances are hard to guard against, and there is no effective antidote.
If you only rely on the body's own metabolism to detoxify, it is estimated that you will have to wait until the year of the monkey, so the degree of harm is relatively high.
After inspecting the acid reagent cabinet, Xu Qiu found that the remaining amount of all acids is not much, and most of them have been used for more than a year, and the concentration may have long been inaccurate.
Therefore, Xu Qiu planned to categorize them into four categories and treat them as waste liquids, and then go to the Jiangwan Laboratory to replace them with new ones.
The school's waste liquid recycling center generally only accepts organic solvents. Such acids, alkalis, strong oxidants or strong reducing agents are not recycled and need to be processed by the laboratory.
At this time, you can contact a professional laboratory waste disposal company.
However, for all research-related projects, the premium will be very high.
Just a few liters of acidic waste liquid in Zhang Jiang's laboratory, it is not worth the big price to ask a special company to deal with it, and you can do it yourself.
The treatment method is not difficult, that is, first add water to dilute the acid liquid, and then use the method of acid-base neutralization to convert the acidic waste liquid into a harmless inorganic salt solution, and finally it can be directly discharged into the sewer.
Of course, this work still has a certain degree of danger. Xu Qiu decided to take care of it himself after finishing all the reagents.
Finally, it was the turn of other miscellaneous reagents and materials.
There are quite a few types, and there are hundreds of them.
Similar to the previous treatments of organic solvents and inorganic acids, alkalis, and salts, Xu Qiu divided them into three and four categories based on comprehensive considerations such as the value of reagents, use time, and risk.
In the process of sorting out, Xu Qiu found a lot of special materials.
Sodium lumps, usually stored in kerosene, are picked out with tweezers when used, and then cut into small pieces with a knife to remove water from the solvent.
The activity of sodium is much worse than that of potassium and cesium of the same family. When sodium is directly exposed to the air, it usually does not ignite spontaneously. An oxide layer is formed on the surface to protect the sodium inside.
As long as you don't die, such as throwing a large amount of sodium into a large amount of acid or water, the danger is also average.
And if it is cesium, it will explode with a violent reaction after touching the air.
In addition, sodium sounds very high-end, but it is actually an ordinary metal. Industrial grade sodium is not expensive, with a unit price of about 2W.
The unit is not grams or kilograms, but tons.
Even copper is more expensive than sodium, and the price of a ton of copper is about 5W.
Not to mention precious metals such as silver, gold, platinum and palladium.
Liquid bromine, in order to prevent decomposition, the bottles are opaque, tightly shielded, and water and liquid seals are added to the top, the price is not expensive, about 3W5 a ton.
Transition metal catalysts, mainly palladium catalysts and corresponding ligands, usually need to be kept away from light and low temperature, and the price is not cheap. Xu Qiu also classifies them as a class of medicines and puts them together with the monomers previously sorted out.
Hydrazine hydrate, which Duan Yun used before, is an aqueous solution of hydrazine.
Hydrazine is a substance obtained by directly linking two amino groups. It is also called hydrazine. It is alkaline and is a strong reducing agent. It is used in rocket fuel.
Now Duan Yun is leaving, so no one will use this material. Xu Qiu intends to use the neutralization method to dispose of it directly.
N-Butyl lithium, chemically active, it will spontaneously ignite directly in air.
The n-butyl lithium in the laboratory is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, the concentration is not high, and the remaining amount is not large, it can be directly drawn out with a syringe and then disposed of with ethanol.
Tin reagents, including trimethyltin chloride, tributyltin chloride, etc., the former has higher reactivity than the latter, but are more toxic than the latter, and are highly toxic substances.
In the laboratory, in order to pursue the reaction yield, trimethyltin chloride is used, which is mainly used when Han Jiaying synthesizes the polymer donor when designing the monomer unit.
Of course, school girls usually come into contact with tin reagents of a few hundred milligrams or a few grams, and the risk is relatively low.
Some research groups are mainly researching tin reagents. Often dozens of hundreds of grams of tin reagents are exposed to miserable conditions. Almost the average person's hairline moves forward.
Malononitrile, organic cyanide, is a raw material for introducing cyano groups that must be used when synthesizing ITIC terminal A unit ICIN, and its toxicity should be slightly lower than that of tin reagents.
The amount in the laboratory is still quite large now, mainly Wu Shengnan uses it.
There is no way to avoid this. If you want to do scientific research, you have to sacrifice. Xu Qiu can only hope that the post-doctorate sister can pay more attention to her health and safety.
In addition, there are many materials contained in unlabeled glass bottles that are unclaimed. Xu Qiutongtong classifies them as four types of drugs and treats them as solid waste.
The school does not have any special recycling centers for the treatment of solid waste, and there is no guidance.
Most laboratories throw solid waste together with other experimental garbage directly into the garbage can where the experimental garbage is placed. As to whether it will cause any environmental or personal harm, it depends on the consciousness of each laboratory to see if they have toxic The material is cleaned...
Of course, the amount used in the laboratory, even if there are residues that have not been cleaned up, are generally at the milligram or several grams level, which will not cause too much pollution to the environment.
After sorting out the four types of medicines, Xu Qiu glanced at Wu Shengnan's progress. It was slower than him and the school girl, and it was about 50% completed.
This is because the postdoctoral sister not only needs to be responsible for making the cartons, but also for disassembling and assembling all the instruments and equipment and packing them.
After that, Xu Qiu asked Han Jiaying to take the box containing the first-class medicines and take a taxi to the Jiangwan campus. He went back to the office to sort out the list of hazardous chemicals.
Except for the parts transported by the school girls in advance, there are a total of 127 other drugs to be transported. Xu Qiu’s task is to compare these 127 drugs with the 2,828 hazardous chemicals mentioned in the "Dangerous Chemicals Catalog". Find out the dangerous chemicals among them, and then statistically report to the department.
The department provides a statistical template in the format of serial number, reagent name (Chinese name), original bottle size, quantity, hazardous nature (such as corrosion, flammability, explosive, etc.), moving out of campus-building-room, moving into campus-building- Room, research group leader, research group leader cell phone, research group contact person, contact cell phone.
Overall, it is quite cumbersome.
After more than two hours, Xu Qiu kept pressing Ctrl+C/V/F/H and other shortcut keys. When he pressed it, he was almost cramped. Finally, he compiled a list of hazardous chemicals and sent it to the department for review by email.
After screening, among 127 kinds of drugs, there are a total of 62 kinds of dangerous chemicals.
What Xu Qiu didn't expect was that even ethanol is considered a dangerous chemical because it is flammable and irritating...
Halfway through, Han Jiaying successfully arrived at the laboratory of Jiangwan campus with a class of medicine, and sent a message that it was safe.
On the other hand, Wu Shengnan also took Sun Wo, Yan Hu and Yin Houlang to complete the packaging of Zhangjiang laboratory equipment.
They packed a total of twelve large cardboard boxes, all of which were numbered with a marker on the box and marked the types of instruments inside.
There are four boxes of glass instruments, which are placed in a sandwich method, that is, two layers of bubble paper are laid, then one layer of glass instruments, and then two layers of bubble paper... Keep circulating until it is full.
The other eight boxes ~EbookFREE.me~ contain various instruments, equipment and some small iron clips and other sundries.
All large instruments can be disassembled and disassembled. For example, the original large rotary evaporator is now directly disassembled into eight pieces, divided into small parts, and placed separately.
Before and after disassembly and assembly of the instrument, in order to prevent forgetting the disassembly and assembly method, Wu Shengnan and the others took photos according to Xu Qiu's instructions.
Otherwise, when the instrument goes to Jiangwan, it will be embarrassing to find that it can't be installed in any way.
There are also some instruments that are large in size and cannot be disassembled, such as ovens, which are not packed in boxes, and the moving company can be directly responsible for moving them.
In addition, nitrogen cylinders cannot be packed, but the cylinders only need to be recycled by contacting the school’s drug warehouse, and there is no need to carry them by themselves.
Xu Qiu carefully inspected each box and took photos to keep the bottom. Finally, everyone together sealed all the boxes with sealing tape.
Since then, the preliminary preparations for the relocation of Zhang Jiang's laboratory have been basically completed.