Chapter 474: Y series materials set sail again and hit CNS at 2 degrees!

The speed of the old driver is indeed relatively fast. After the taxi enters the elevated highway, the taxi basically keeps driving at a high speed near the speed limit throughout the journey, and occasionally speeds slightly.
If a motor vehicle speeds within 10%, although it is also regarded as speeding, it is generally not fined or deducted. Of course, if caught by the traffic police, it will be criticized and educated.
If you are in a hurry now, you have to make good use of this 10% space.
In the end, it took a total of more than 40 minutes before the old driver ran from Pudong Airport to Hongqiao Airport.
At this time, Xu Qiu still had 50 minutes to board the plane. In theory, it should be too late.
Xu Qiu hurriedly paid the fare, thanked the driver, and then rushed to the entrance of the domestic departure floor of Hongqiao Airport T2 terminal.
Although he was very smart when paying, Xu Qiu was still very distressed when thinking about the fare thrown out.
The taxis in the Magic City are inherently expensive. The normal starting price in the urban area is 14 yuan for 3 kilometers, and an additional 2.5 yuan per kilometer after 3 kilometers. For example, a taxi from Handan campus to Zhangjiang campus will cost 50+.
Taxi in Xu Qiu’s hometown starts at 5 yuan for 2 kilometers, and additional 1.5 yuan per kilometer for the next 2-6 kilometers (including 6 kilometers). After 6 kilometers, an additional 2 yuan per kilometer will be charged. If it costs 30+, Basically, it has been able to run from one end of the city to the other.
Now this "black car" is 7 yuan a kilometer, and the final fare is 364 yuan, which is almost the same as a sleeper train ticket home.
However, this is all of my own choice, and there is no way for one to fight and the other to endure.
In addition, Xu Qiu noticed that the driver's master was also typing his watch and was able to issue invoices. He didn't know how the driver's master operated it. Could it be possible that the taxi at the airport could set its own price?
Xu Qiu walked into the airport entrance and first accepted an explosion-proof inspection by the guards.
The guard took a piece of test paper and stuck it to everyone's clothes, then put it in the instrument and inspected it.
General explosives contain nitrogen atoms in the molecular structure, such as the presence of nitro or azide structures.
The airport explosion detection usually converts these common explosive molecules into ions, and then conducts trace ion detection.
Probably because the test strips are more expensive, coupled with the fact that it is safer in China, usually no one will take the bomb on the plane, so usually a group of people use a test strip to test together, and then release them together without any problems.
After a delay of half a minute here, Xu Qiu entered the departure hall of the airport and started looking for the check-in counter.
It took five minutes for Xu Qiu to find the Ruyi Airlines counter in a corner.
He didn't care about asking for the itinerary, and went directly to the self-service ticket machine to print the boarding pass.
After scanning the ID card, Xu Qiu read the prohibited/restricted dangerous items, such as liquids, lithium batteries, etc., and then chose the seat number.
Because of the late arrival, the front row by the window or the corridor has already been selected, and only the middle seat in the back row is left.
Xu Qiu randomly clicked a 48J and chose to print the boarding pass.
Next, Xu Qiu moved toward the security check entrance while checking the information on the boarding pass:
The flight number is RY1733, the boarding gate is C1, the planned departure time is 1930, the planned arrival time is 2240, and the current time is 18:50.
"Fortunately, I caught up." Xu Qiu breathed a sigh of relief. Generally, the plane will stop check-in 30 minutes before departure. If the boarding pass is not printed out before then, the check-in procedures will not be allowed and it will be considered a no-show .
However, it cannot be taken lightly now, after all, he has not yet sat in the seat of the plane.
Xu Qiu hurried to the next stop-the security check.
There are not many people here. After about six or seven minutes in line, it is finally his turn.
According to the instructions, Xu Qiu took out the computer, charger, and mobile phone from his backpack, took out his wallet, ID card, boarding pass and other materials, took off his coat, and began to undergo security checks.
There are two security channels, one man and one woman, two security officers.
The next door to the security check was a man who looked like Maimaiti. The other party seemed to have been specially taken care of by the airport security staff. He touched him from head to toe and touched it twice. After repeated confirmations, he was released.
On Xu Qiu's side, the security inspectors did not check very carefully and let them go. Maybe it was the reason why he was more friendly?
After successfully passing the security check, Xu Qiu put on his coat and backpack, holding the boarding pass and ID card in his hand, and started looking for his C1 boarding gate.
Looked at the signs around, my dear, my boarding gate is at the innermost side of the airport.
Who makes his flight a small airline, what can be done?
Xu Qiu ran quickly, and finally arrived at the C1 boarding gate 7 minutes later.
I have to say that this airport is indeed very large. If you walk here, it will take a quarter of an hour to walk.
At this time, Xu Qiu found that there was no long line in front of the C1 boarding gate as he expected, but no one.
Looking at the seat next to him, he was full of people, and his heart secretly said something bad.
Soon, the airport voice announcement rang: "... Passengers, please note: We are sorry to inform you that your flight RY1733 cannot take off on time due to air traffic control reasons. The departure time is to be determined. We apologize, please You are resting in the waiting hall and waiting for notification. If you have any requirements, please contact the staff at the service desk. Thank you!"
"Ladiesand Gentlemen, MayIhaveyour, please? Weregretto announce thatFlightRY1733...Three grams of oil!"
Sure enough, it was delayed...
Xu Qiu took out his mobile phone and checked the information of flight RY1733 on Ctrip, and found that the historical average delay time for this flight was 1 hour and 17 minutes...
Looking at the situation of today’s flights again, there is a 37% probability that the delay will be within 1 hour, a 55% probability that will be delayed for 1-2 hours, and an 8% probability that will be delayed for more than 2 hours...
Next, I looked at the passenger's score for the flight. The full score is 5. This flight only has a score of 2.8, and none of them passed...
Xu Qiu didn't pay too much attention to the things he couldn't change. Instead, he found a place to sit down and checked the messages sent by Han Jiaying and his parents. He was worried about missing the flight before, and he didn't have time to reply.
Seeing that they were all asking "Did you get on the plane?" and "When did you take off?", Xu Qiu responded one by one. He didn't mention the matter of going to the wrong airport. The main reason was that he complained about the delay of the plane and asked his parents. Don't go too early when you pick up the plane, wait for the plane to take off, and then plan according to the actual take-off time.
After a boring hour in the terminal, I was finally able to board the plane.
Scan boarding pass...
Step onto the boarding bridge...
Arriving at the nose of the plane...
The ordinary-looking flight attendants shouted "Welcome on board"...
Received a 330ml bottle of Master Tang mineral water...
Find your place, store your backpack, sit down, fasten your seat belt...
Two passengers in the same row as Xu Qiu:
On the inside next to the window is a fashionable young beauty, wearing sunglasses, leaning on a pink U-shaped pillow, and wearing Bluetooth headsets in her ears, and she can smell a seemingly absent perfume...
On the outside next to the corridor is a middle-aged uncle, wearing a golden watch of unknown brand in his hand, holding a newspaper in his hand...
The flight attendant introduces how to use seat belts and how to escape in an emergency...
The plane headed to the runway, Xu Qiu informed the school girl and family that he was safe, and then turned on the flight mode...
drop……
A violent push back...
The plane took off successfully, the time is 20:31...
Xu Qiu's gaze crossed the young beauty, and he could see outside the machine window, the dazzling magic capital at night was drifting away from him...
The ordinary-looking flight attendants delivered meals, including a bag of salted peanuts, a bag of shaqima, a bag of biscuits, and a bag of freaky broad beans...
Fortunately, Xu Qiu ate dinner at four o’clock in the afternoon. Otherwise, he would have to go home hungry if he expected this kind of airplane meal. Now he can just put on a stomach and go home for supper...
zzzZZZ...
The plane landed smoothly, the time was 23:08...
Turn off the flight mode of the phone, Xu Qiu sent a message to his parents, "The plane has landed", and queued to leave the plane...
A cold wind hit, Xu Qiu tightened his collar tightly, put his hands in his pockets, and didn't dare to play with his mobile phone...
He just checked, the temperature outside at this time was minus 16 degrees Celsius...
Xu Qiu, who has adapted to the rhythm of the magic city's winter, was successfully broken...
Because there was no checked luggage, Xu Qiu chose to leave the station directly...
A small airport is also good. From getting off the plane to leaving the station, it only took less than three minutes to arrive at the arrival level...
"Where is the person?" Xu Qiu looked around, searching for the trail of his parents, but couldn't find it.
He suddenly shook his heart, thinking that although his flight was delayed by an hour, the landing time was only delayed by half an hour.
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This can be regarded as the unspoken rule of airlines. Generally, the flight time of 3 hours is expected, and the actual flight time is usually only two and a half hours. It is probably from a psychological level to comfort passengers as much as possible-see, although we are delayed It took half an hour, but we arrived on time.
If parents calculate the landing time based on the actual take-off time and estimated flight time, it would be more embarrassing...
At this time, the phone vibrated. Xu Qiu clicked and opened it. It was a WeChat language: "We landed so soon. We set off half an hour earlier. We have just arrived at the airport and will pick you up right now."
"Okay, okay." Xu Qiu also replied in his native dialect.
Xu Qiu usually communicates with classmates and teachers at school, usually in words.
As for the parents in their hometown, they have trouble typing, and some use handwriting input methods, so they are more accustomed to using voice to communicate.
...
finally arrived at home.
Xu Qiu looked at the mutton soup, hand-made meat, stewed mutton, braised mutton, mutton scorpion, mutton buns on the dining table... and feasted on it.
Really make up...
"Every holiday season is three catties fatter" is really true.
In the next few days, Xu Qiu contacted a few friends in his hometown and went out to communicate.
These friends are the friendship established by the father's generation and passed on to the second generation, so the relationship is not so easy to break.
Like middle school and high school classmates, Xu Qiu basically has no contact, because he lacks a bond to maintain relationships.
Of course, if it is a group of students who choose to stay in the province, they will have a lot of contact. After all, they can often see them, and there may be other things that can help each other afterwards.
The demons are used to staying, and Xu Qiu will feel a sense of alienation, or isolation, every time he returns to the fifth-tier small cities in his hometown.
Because of the way of life between the two cities, the pace of life is very different.
It can be considered as two extremes, the first-tier cities are the most "rolled", and the fifth-tier cities are the most "unrolled".
In the fifth-tier cities, people do not have too much pressure in life, and tend to be Buddhist. There are not too many high-paying industries and the ceiling is too low.
The meaning of hard work is actually not big, it is nothing more than the difference between a salary of two thousand, three thousand or four thousand.
Therefore, everyone has chosen to lie flat and live a simple life, with a monthly salary of about 2,000 or 3,000.
Being hungry is definitely not going to die. The house price is around 5,000, basically not going up, and many families have their own land to build houses.
The bus usually picks up at 6 o'clock in the evening, because at this time, most people have already left work.
And the subway in the magic city will be opened until close to 12 o'clock in the evening. At 6 o'clock in the evening, the night life of the magic city has not yet started, because the white-collar workers have not yet got off work.
In addition, there are no entertainment activities in his hometown, like Xu Qiu going out with friends, just eating, drinking, and drinking. There are no special bars here, let alone the new ones, which are created for young people. Secret room, VR.
The lack of entertainment activities will also cause the emergence of some social phenomena.
For example, when the live broadcast industry became popular, many middle-aged men in counties were "successful" to spend a lot of money on young female anchors.
In fact, it's easy to understand that they usually don't have access to women of this level at all, and even if they go to that kind of informal health care store, all they see are crooked melons and cracked dates.
After all, "Miss" is a profession. They work everywhere. Those who have the conditions will definitely choose to find opportunities in the first and second tiers. The expected income is higher, so what is left for the fifth-tier cities is bound to be crooked.
But on the Internet, almost all of them are "fairies".
When the middle-aged man in the county town meets these "fairies", there is a certain probability that he will not be able to control his XX and his wallet.
In addition, the cost of living in the county is very low. Many middle-aged men, especially those who don’t play cards, smoke, or drink, have money and can’t spend it. They always have some spare money and work stably. Yes. There is no pursuit of money.
But a "big brother" from the "fairy" can give them great satisfaction, so it's not surprising to just throw away thousands or tens of thousands just for a "big brother".
Xu Qiu and his friends exchanged feelings for a few days and started to carry out experiments.
After all, this winter vacation, there is a month of time, it can not be completely wasted.
Moreover, with the help of the system, this month's time can completely match a year in reality.
Now that the laminated device has made a breakthrough, it can be regarded as a perfect finishing touch for the ITIC series of receptors. Xu Qiu plans to continue to develop the Y series of receptors.
Before, the materials and molecular structures of Y1-Y4 are relatively similar. The central DAD unit is exactly the same, based on the NT unit as the A unit, and two TT units on both sides as the D unit.
The only difference between them is the end group. Y1 uses ICIN, and Y2-Y4 uses ICIN derivatives.
Among them, the best performance Y3 material, the end group is ICIN-2Cl.
Although Xu Qiu focused on stacked devices before, the amount of computing power allocated to the Y series receptors was relatively small, but because the exploration time was long enough, now he has also found a suitable path and obtained a high-performance Y series receptor. The body molecule, Xu Qiu named it Y12.
In fact, from the point of view of molecular structure, Y12 has not changed much compared with Y3, that is, the NT unit with side chain in the central DAD unit is replaced with BT unit without side chain, and at the same time, the original TT unit without side chain is replaced. The side chain is introduced to the unit to complement the solubility, and the end group is ICIN-2F.
As for why this material is named Y12, it is mainly because Wu Shengnan has named several materials she synthesized as Y5, Y6, and Y7.
Xu Qiu didn't plan to compete with her, so he named them directly from Y11 and Y12.
It just happens to be distinguished: the central DAD units of Y1-Y7 are all based on NT, and Y11 and Y12 are all based on BT.
The only difference between Y11 and Y12 is that the former uses ICIN and the latter uses ICIN-2F.
In the end, the device based on the highest efficiency achieved 14.8% compared to the previous J4:Y3 system, which is a very big breakthrough.
Although the efficiency of the stacked device has reached the highest 17.3%, if the single junction can also reach 17%, or even 18%, it is also a CNS-level work.
It is very difficult for researchers to publish an article when journals of the CNS grade have not reached this threshold.
However, once this threshold is crossed, the difficulty of publishing CNS is actually not that big.
Especially when Xu Qiu has reached the forefront of the organic photovoltaic field and can still be opened.
Xu Qiu knows almost what kind of results can reach this CNS level. He just has to keep working hard in that direction.
After obtaining the Y12 material, Xu Qiu simultaneously carried out various characterizations to analyze why it is better than the previous Y3 material.
For materials science, it is still very difficult to predict the quality of a material through its molecular structure before starting an experiment.
For example, the Y12 material Xu Qiu obtained, behind its success, actually has dozens of failed materials.
These materials are all previously predicted by Xu Qiu and concluded that they may have higher performance materials, but the actual results are not ideal.
In a sense, this kind of applied discipline still has some "metaphysics" elements in it, and it is often necessary to tell stories to others.
For example, if you get a better result, go back to look at its molecular structure, and combine various characterization methods to explain why this material is good. In fact, it is a kind of "metaphysics."
But the story has to be told.
Because when the story of "metaphysics" is told too much, it is recognized by most people, and the results of other structures can be predicted, "metaphysics" has evolved into "science."
In order to explain the reasons for the improvement of device performance, Xu Qiu mainly used DFT simulation, light source GIWAXS, TEM transmission electron microscope and other means to compare the Y12 and Y3 systems.
It was found that, compared with Y3, the main chain molecular structure of Y12 has only undergone minor changes, mainly due to changes in the position of the side chain, which makes the molecular stacking between the acceptor molecules better, which in turn facilitates the transport of charges.
Because the molecular structures of Y3 and Y12 are similar, the synthesis of Y12 is similar to the previous synthesis of Y3, which also requires six steps.
In the first step, the dibromo substituted benzothiadiazole (BT) unit with an ethylhexyl side chain on the nitrogen atom is connected to the remaining two reaction sites of the benzene ring through a nitration reaction. Nitro, to obtain BT units substituted with dibromo and dinitro groups.
The second step is to react the dibromo, dinitro substituted BT with the side chain monotrimethyltin substituted TT unit to obtain the structure of TT-BT-TT, in which there are two nitro groups connected to BT, TT There is a linear alkyl side chain at the distal end.
The third step is to reduce the nitro group in the TT-BT-TT molecule and form a ring with the adjacent TT unit to form a cyclic secondary amine to obtain a continuous condensed ring structure. At this time, there is a secondary amine between TT-BT and a residual hydrogen atom on the product, which is a reaction site.
In the fourth step, the reactants of the third step are reacted with brominated alkanes, and the hydrogen atoms on the secondary amine are replaced with alkyl groups to form tertiary amines to achieve the purpose of introducing side chains on the N atoms and obtain the final central DAD unit.
In the fifth step, the aldehyde group reaction of the central DAD unit connects two aldehyde groups at both ends of the central DAD unit.
In the sixth step, the aldehyde-based DAD unit reacts with the A unit ICIN-2F to obtain Y12.
Xu Qiu began to think about the next optimization direction.
Before he changed the molecular structure based on Y3 and tried dozens of methods, he found that the larger the change, the worse the final performance.
Small changes like Y11 and Y12 have improved performance.
Maybe this is the reason why the Mi mobile phone spent 200W to replace the LOGO, but the result was just "adding a line of code" and changing from square to round.
When we strive for excellence, we cannot change too much, because once we change too much, it will become another new thing. UU reading www.uukanshu. cm
And if the performance expectations of the new and old things are distributed according to the normal distribution, when the original has been relatively top, then the new things will likely become worse.
After some thinking, Xu Qiu finally decided not to "make a big knife" on Y12, that is, not to change the main chain for the time being, and mainly modify the side chains and end groups.
On the one hand, the end group is a more conventional optimization method. It was found that the introduction of methyl, fluorine atoms, and chlorine atoms will affect the performance of the device. Now Y12 adopts a structure that introduces fluorine atoms. It may be replaced with other end groups, and the performance is still Will be improved.
On the other hand, although the main chain of the non-fullerene acceptor is mainly responsible for light absorption, the importance of the side chain is also very high, because the side chain can change the solubility and crystallinity of the material, thereby changing the shape of the blended film. Appearance, which affects the charge transport and the final device performance.
At the same time, when I moved house before, although the function of the vapor deposition equipment was confirmed to be good, it was not sure whether the optimal vapor deposition conditions were changed.
Therefore, before leaving the magic capital, Xu Qiu also copied the evaporation equipment of Jiangwan glove box. Now he is also using standard devices to simultaneously explore the optimal evaporation conditions.