Chapter 482: "Nature"

I have a volume 482 "Nature" article in the scientific research assistance system, and the first draft is complete! In the evening, Xu Qiu returned to the Jiangwan campus after finishing a day of classes. He received a call from Wei Xingsi as soon as he put down his schoolbag in Room 401S of Xiancai.
　　 Xu Qiu came to the 513 office, Wei Xingsi said straightforwardly: "I'm looking for you, mainly to talk to you about the early graduation..."
"Last night, I chatted with Fang Guangwu, deputy dean, and mentioned your current situation. Fang Guangwu said that according to your current academic achievements, as long as you have enough credits and passed the defense, there is nothing wrong with graduating two years early. ..."
　　 After a pause, Wei Xingsi continued: "As for the matter of staying in school, because it involves a wide range of things, so you can't directly promise you, but if you can land a CNS, there is basically no big problem."
　　 "Okay." Xu Qiu nodded. It seems that Teacher Wei is still good. He didn't say one thing with his lips, but made another one secretly.
　　 This result was also in Xu Qiu's expectation. Fang Guangwu was the deputy dean in charge of the admissions and student work of the Department of Materials. He nodded before graduation, basically it can be said to be a certainty.
　　 If he stays in school after graduation, Fang Guangwu cannot decide alone.
Because, like the Magic University, the current faculty staff is almost saturated, so when special teachers are used, there is a high probability that a department meeting will be held. The department head, several deputy department heads, and the head of the teaching and research section will meet to discuss and decide. It may also need to be reported to the school for review.
　　According to the current degree of curling in the academic circle, it is very difficult for green pepper scholars to enter the top domestic universities such as the Magic City University. Only by killing other equally good candidates can I have a chance.
　　 But in any case, if you have a CNS article in your hand, you can basically walk sideways in China at this stage, hanging over 99% of the green pepper scholars.
　　 "That's right," Wei Xingsi asked suddenly: "I just heard from Mo Wenlin that the device efficiency has exceeded 18%?"
"Well, the specific is 18.11%, the L6-Cl: Y20 system..." Xu Qiu briefly reported, and then said: "I have arranged other people to take charge of their own experiments, and I myself started to use the template of "Nature". Wrote an article."
　　 "Yes! Hmm..." Wei Xingsi was silent for a while, and said: "This "Nature"...You can add a newsletter to yourself."
　　 Xu Qiu nodded. In fact, it doesn’t make much difference to him whether he adds communication or not. After all, he has the identity of a work. No matter when it is, he can claim that this work is his work.
　　 marking the corresponding author is more of Wei Xingsi’s recognition of Xu Qiu and an expression of kindness, and it also represents a formal change in the relationship between the two—from teachers and students to collaborators.
　　 "Then you go busy," Wei Xingsi handed over a box of honey grapefruit tea, and issued an order to leave the guest: "Try to sort out this "Nature" article and throw it away before we go to the beautiful country."
　　 "Okay." Xu Qiu picked up the drink and responded.
　　 Leaving room 513, Xu Qiu went to the 520 and 522 laboratories next door and found that the organic photovoltaic team was working orderly.
　　 The current team has been trained by Xu Qiu to be very mature, as long as he gives instructions, even if he is not present, it can operate in an orderly manner.
　　 This is also a bonus to a certain extent. Specifically, it is an "engineer bonus", that is, there are many well-educated science and engineering students in China who have strong learning ability, communication ability, and ability to withstand pressure.
　　 Although dividends are not a good adjective for individuals, because dividends are almost equal to cheap, but for groups, with dividends, development can be accelerated.
　　 For example, the demographic dividend mentioned earlier mainly refers to cheap labor such as migrant workers. They may take a few hundred yuan in wages and create tens of thousands of yuan in value.
　　 And, after finally getting rich, I emptied my wallet and left the money in the reinforced concrete buildings in the city.
　　 It is their silent contribution that made the flower growers spend 30 years and walk the 200-year path of Western developed countries.
　　 Now because of the popularization of basic education, the demographic dividend has almost disappeared. The educated people know more or less about the theory of capital, and will not do things that "with a few hundred yuan in salary, creating tens of thousands of yuan in value".
　　 This has led to a sharp increase in labor costs. Many factories have moved to Southeast Asia. Education there has not yet been popularized, and the demographic dividend is still there.
　　 Fortunately, although the demographic dividend of flower growers has almost disappeared, it has caught up with a new wave of engineer dividends.
　　 shows that science and engineering college students are worthless, and many universities, chemical and pharmaceutical industries rely on this batch of cheap labor to develop rapidly.
　　 However, the engineer bonus is always used up for a day, and it comes at a price.
　　 For example, the leeks, which are regarded as bonuses, are about to cut their roots now, so there will be no young leeks...
Even Yang's mother was in a hurry and shouted: "Open up to N births and have more births; liberal arts students Balabala, we need science students; high housing prices are not conducive to the population staying, not conducive to innovation, not conducive to..., we..., we need new Leeks."
　　 Of course, the leek here is just a metaphor, and has no connotation.
　　 After the engineer bonus is consumed, will a new bonus be born?
　　 In fact, there is a technological dividend, which requires the production of technologies that have a nature of continuous barriers through generations of 996 and hard work during the engineer’s dividend period.
　　 In this way, through technical barriers, the sickle can be swung towards other underdeveloped countries in the world to harvest their people. In other words, it is common development.
　　 In fact, technological dividends are also the fundamental reason for the high living standards of the people in Europe and the United States. They are living well now, but they are actually eating the capital accumulated by the previous generations.
　　 In addition, engineers do not have to be college students. They can also be used by trained technical secondary school students, vocational high school students, and junior college students.
try{mad1(\'gad2\');}catch(ex){}　　 This may be the reason why the country has forced the middle school to maintain a 50% enrollment rate during the promotion, and can not repeat the course-to cultivate talents early, and for the country early Add bricks and tiles.
　　 Moreover, the time span for establishing a technological dividend may be very long. It is almost impossible to walk 200 years in 30 years like the demographic dividend period.
　　Because, scientific research mainly depends on luck. If you want to improve, you can only spend time slowly. After all, luck may be good occasionally, but it will not always be good.
　　 This is the difficult situation of being a latecomer.
　　If you want to achieve overtaking on a curve, you must have the efforts of generations to have the opportunity to let future generations live a good life, and make the flower planter a beacon of the world.
　　 Then, Xu Qiu returned to the 401S office and began to conceive this "Nature" article.
　　 The core highlight is still relatively clear, that is, it has an efficiency of up to 18%, which greatly crushes the work of other colleagues in the same field.
　　 Actually, if you just want to vote in the
Nature
big magazine, this bright spot is almost enough, and there is no need for more analysis.
　　 After all, other peers are still struggling to hit 14%, and now they have achieved 18%. The gap is very wide.
　　 However, it is the orthodox main journal of "Nature" to be voted now, and the bright spots of efficiency are not safe.
　　 It is also necessary to tell the story well, so that the reviewers and editors think that this work is very meaningful and worthy of "wasting" 5 pages of publication.
　　 At the same time, I should put forward my own opinions as much as possible in the article, and give my own explanations for each experimental phenomenon.
On the one hand, if you do not explain before submitting the manuscript, you may be pointed out by the reviewer during the review process, and you will be asked to explain it as a flaw in the article. If the editor/reviewer feels that this kind of flaw is too much , The manuscript may be rejected directly.
On the other hand, Xu Qiu believes that it is necessary for academic viewpoints to be clear-cut, whether they are right or not, because the truth is always clearer and clearer. If people are practicing Tai Chi, they are worried about the theory or viewpoint they put forward. Wrong, that science is difficult to develop.
　　.O0O〇……
　　 After some brainstorming, Xu Qiu roughly planned the writing idea of ​​this "Nature" article, and there are a total of four pictures.
　　 The first picture, Xu Qiu chooses the regular picture, the big picture of six in one, including:
　　The molecular structure of L6-Cl and Y20 materials, the light absorption spectrum of the material, the fluorescence spectrum of the material, the structure of the device, the J-V curve of the device, the EQE curve of the device.
　　 After all, the report is about organic photovoltaic devices. Light absorption and device performance are definitely indispensable. Besides, this work is still based on high efficiency as the main highlight.
　　 Specifically, the optoelectronic performance parameters of the best device now are:
　　 The short-circuit current density is 26.4 mA per square centimeter, the open circuit voltage is 0.89 volts, the fill factor is 0.77, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is 18.11%.
　　 Here, Xu Qiu intends to extend it a bit and analyze why Y series materials have better performance than ITIC series materials.
　　 From the point of view of molecular structure, Y series materials have introduced electron-deficient nuclei containing multiple nitrogen atoms to construct an ADADA structure, which replaces the ADA structure of the original ITIC series materials.
Xu Qiu speculated that an important reason for the better performance of Y series materials is that the A unit in the center of the Y series materials provides additional electron transport channels, which makes the Y series materials have higher electron mobility. The latter is Verified by means such as SCLC and CELIV.
　　 At the same time, the very high fluorescence quenching efficiency, as high as 0.77 fill factor, also proves that the charge transport performance in the current system is indeed excellent.
　　 In addition, there is an experimental phenomenon that the performance of Y series materials is greatly affected by side chain regulation, which can also provide a proof.
　　Like ITIC series ADA molecules, the electron transport channel is mainly in the A unit on both sides, then the side chain mainly located on the D unit is fine-tuned, and the molecule itself has little effect on the charge transport.
For this reason, Xu Qiu's previous side chain control of ITIC series materials usually made major changes, such as changing the side chain of the benzene ring to an alkyl side chain, and synthesizing IDIC without too much fine control, such as design 6, 8. , 10 carbon atoms side chain, because such changes have little effect on the performance of the material.
For Y series ADADA type molecules, the electron transport channel is on the A unit on both sides and on the central A unit. If the side chain located on the D unit is fine-tuned, it will also significantly affect the central A unit. The performance of charge transport, in turn, affects the overall charge transport performance.
　　 Finally, Xu Qiu believes that the ADADA-type non-fullerene acceptor material can become an example of high-performance materials.
　　Other researchers can use this as a basis to develop other acceptor materials with similar structures and high electron mobility.
In the second picture, Xu Qiu selected several donor materials with different HOMO/LUMO energy level structures, including L2, L6, PTQ1 and other materials, matched them with Y20 acceptor materials, and listed the final device performance. ,Compare.
On the one hand, I would like to thank the Zang Chaojun and Lu Changjun research groups who developed the L2 and L6 materials. Without them, the efficiency of 18% is likely to be impossible to achieve. It is likely to be the same as the previous laminated devices, stopping at 17%. ；
　　 On the other hand, it also expresses a tendency to ask people not to study the receptor material all at once. The donor and receptor materials must be grasped with both hands and both hands must be hard.
　　 In other words, Xu Qiu wants to make a point: "Innovation of polymer donors is also crucial to improving device performance."
　　 At the same time, in this picture, Xu Qiu also introduced the concept of energy loss to prepare for the subsequent analysis.
　　 In the third picture, Xu Qiu planned a semi-empirical analysis graph similar to the one previously placed in the "Science" submission. The main consideration criteria are the impact of energy loss and fill factor on the photoelectric performance of the device.
try{mad1(\'gad2\');}catch(ex){}　　Here, Xu Qiu’s main point is: "Low energy loss and high electron mobility are the keys to organic photovoltaic efficiency reaching more than 20%. "
　　 At the same time, Xu Qiu also listed the direction of the next effort. When the short-circuit current density reaches 27.0 mA per square centimeter, the open circuit voltage reaches 0.926 volts, and the fill factor reaches 0.80, the photoelectric conversion efficiency will exceed 20%.
　　 In the fourth picture, Xu Qiu plans to put some conceptual pictures in the field of organic photovoltaics, including finished device pictures prepared through the concepts of flexibility, translucency, large area, and scratch coating, mainly to show the advantages of the field of organic photovoltaics.
　　 After all, a lot of things written in the front are very professional. If you are not in the same field, you may not understand what you are talking about.
　　 Finally, I put these "down-to-earth" and somewhat "high-end" pictures, and it instantly feels different, which can add a lot of points.
　　In essence, scientific research is also a kind of business.
　　 It is not enough to do a job alone. It is also necessary to sell it, publish an article on the ground, and let colleagues see it, and then it is considered complete.
　　 And most of the fields are fields that cannot be applied at this stage. In fact, it is difficult to judge the value difference between work in different fields.
　　 At this time, I will be able to pack, and it is very important to be able to blow my job very well.
　　In a commercialized society, even the "clean and clean" scientific research circle will inevitably get a touch of smoke.
For example, in a previous article "Nature" published by the Department of Materials Science and Technology of the University of Magic, what they did was not complicated, it was the photo-deformable liquid crystal material, but they were packaged very well, showing them through the form of video and pictures. The results.
The copywriting is roughly: "The new type of liquid crystal polymer photodeformable material we independently developed has constructed a microtube actuator with light response characteristics. On a chip of a few square centimeters, the complex flow of various liquids can be controlled by light. It winds and even climbs, forming a new driving mechanism that does not require external equipment. Such a water control technique can be used in many fields such as biomedical equipment, biochemical testing and analysis, microfluidic reactors, and laboratories on a chip. '."
　　 In fact, is this discovery really as powerful as the copywriting says? Not necessarily.
　　 If you want to realize the application in copywriting, there is still a lot to go.
　　 And this journey may take ten, twenty, or even fifty years, and even one day when it comes to an end, it is very possible to find that it is a dead end.
　　 This is the status quo of the scientific research circle.
　　 Even if it is the work published in "Nature", looking at 50 years, more than 99% of the research is of no practical significance.
　　 And people are betting that the 1% chance of success will appear in fifty years.
　　 Xu Qiu once again summarized his story line, which is quite clear.
　　 First of all, it reported an organic photovoltaic system up to 18%.
　　 Then, analyze how the efficiency reached 18%.
　　Analyzed from the perspective of the acceptor, the ADADA-type structure is adopted, which can make the electron mobility of the material higher.
　　Analyze from the perspective of the donor, find a suitable donor material and match it with the energy level of the acceptor material, which can make the energy loss relatively low.
　　 Then, looking forward to the future, how to achieve higher efficiency, such as 20%?
　　 At this time, in response to the two directions mentioned above, the electron mobility of the acceptor material is improved and the energy loss of the system is reduced.
　　 Finally, I showed the potential benefits of the organic photovoltaic field, blew a wave of awesomeness, and plated my work with a layer of gold.
　　……
　　 Two weeks later.
　　 Xu Qiu completed the first draft of the article "Nature" according to his own ideas.
　　 This article, Xu Qiu is a newsletter.
　　The second article is the same as the last "Science" article, it is difficult to choose.
　　 Because Han Jiaying and Wu Shengnan have a similar workload this time, the two are responsible for the synthesis of materials and subsequent characterization tests.
In the end, Xu Qiu thought twice and gave the second work to the school girl~EbookFREE.me~ not because of her special status, but mainly because the work she does is based on materials from other research groups and it is not easy to post articles. , And other Y series materials synthesized by Wu Shengnan can all be posted.
　　In this respect, some compensation should be made to the school girls. Of course, the compensation for the author of the article is only one aspect, and...
　　 Therefore, Han Jiaying is the second, and Wu Shengnan is the third.
　　Mo Wenlin is only involved in the preparation and testing of some devices, and the contribution is not as good as the former and post-doctoral sisters, so it is the fourth game.
　　 Haru Tian is the five works. She participated in the characterization of CELIV and the processing of the pictures of the article.
　　 Fan Wentang, Xu Xinjie, and Yin Houlang are six works, seven works, and eight works, and they participated in part of the experimental work.
　　Chen Wanqing is nine works. She will participate in the final revision of the article. After all, she is the senior sister who brought Xu Qiu to get started. Now she has not graduated, she still has to bear her name.
　　 Feng Shengdong is one of ten works. He participated in the testing and analysis of TAS and TRPL. Although these characterizations and analyses are not included in the main text, they have also contributed.
　　 Gong Yuanjiang is the eleventh piece. She has taken Mo Wenlin's light and will participate in the revision of the article later.
　　 Wei Xingsi is a twelve-made communication.
　　 Before Xu Qiu looked at the documents published by other people, there were more than a dozen or twenty authors on it, and he would still be surprised how many of their articles have so many authors.
　　 Now, he can be regarded as experiencing it.
　　 I have to say that it is quite troublesome to write clearly the names and units of so many authors.