Chapter 484: "Nature"

In the next few days, Xu Qiu and his teammates repeatedly revised the first draft of "Nature".
　　 Finally, on Friday, I got the final version. The opinions, story lines, textual expressions, and pictures in the article have been repeatedly polished and modified, and they have reached perfection.
　　 Speaking of it, Xu Qiu's "Nature" article is a "small paper" in terms of workload. It is more of a role to inspire others in the field of organic photovoltaics and point out future research directions for colleagues in the field of organic photovoltaics.
Therefore, the time spent on writing and revising this article is not much. It takes less than a month to be fully written, and the preliminary experiment time is not long, only more than one month. If you add Xu Qiu’s time spent in the simulation laboratory Time, the actual time-consuming should be between one and two years.
　　 Even the time scale of one or two years is not long in NS-level work.
Like NS-level "big papers", such as those related to particle colliders that require a large amount of experimental data to support, it may take months or half a year to organize the data and write the article, and the experimental cycle may even It takes three to five years.
　　 Of course, having said that, whether it is a "big paper" or a "small paper", no matter how much time it takes, as long as the work itself can reach the level of NS, the degree of importance is the highest.
Moreover, Xu Qiu believes that for "lower threshold" research fields such as organic photovoltaics, perovskite, and graphene, it is more appropriate to publish "small papers" in high-end journals than to publish "big papers". .
　　 On the one hand, from a utilitarian point of view, the cost-effectiveness of scholars issuing "small essays" is obviously higher than that of "big essays."
　　 If you can post one NS a year, most people are definitely not willing to post one NS in three to five years.
　　 At the same time, it took three to five years to hold up an NS "big paper", which belongs to "putting eggs in the same basket", which is too risky.
　　If you hold it back, it's still acceptable, but if you can't hold it back, it's a tragedy. Moreover, the tragedy is often not the mentor.
　　Because instructors who usually have the opportunity to attack NS, they usually have already become famous. Maybe they already have NS in their hands.
　　 Therefore, their fault tolerance rate is often relatively high. Even if the impact on NS fails, most of the work can be transferred to the "Nature" major magazine, and it can be published on N and A even if it is not good.
　　 can't send NS, it's just that you can't give yourself icing on the cake, and the effect is not big.
　　 But the students in charge of this work may be miserable. It took three to five years, and most of them have to be postponed. In the end, only one N or A will be produced, which will greatly affect their future scientific research.
After all, if they have the strength to impact NS, but do not impact NS, and choose water articles, split a large job into several small jobs, and publish three or five A-level articles in three to five years. Did it.
　　 There are three or five A-level jobs. Going abroad to be a post-doctoral post is "plated with gold", and returning to China to be a special associate professor at an ordinary college and university, no matter how hard you work, it is not difficult to become a full member.
　　 Of course, these are all considered from a utilitarian point of view.
　　 On the other hand, for the "lower threshold" research field, from the perspective of field development, it is indeed necessary to publish major experimental breakthroughs at the NS level in the form of "small papers" earlier.
　　 Because the threshold of the field is relatively low, major experimental breakthroughs have been made, and other researchers can quickly imitate and follow up to make this field develop rapidly.
　　 Conversely, if you choose to hide this major experimental breakthrough without publishing it, and study it yourself, and collect a "big paper", it will slow down the development of the entire field.
For example, Xu Qiu now reports the 7% stacked system and the% binary single junction system. Other research groups can speed up the follow-up and develop similar stacked devices and similar ADADA-type acceptor materials to promote organic photovoltaics. The development of the field has reached a new level.
But if Xu Qiu puts these two tasks in his hands, and after a year of research on his own, he has accumulated a lot of data before publishing, then other researchers may have been doing useless work this year, because the direction of their research is likely to be "Dead end".
In a scientific research field with "lower threshold" such as organic photovoltaics, if you choose to publish a "big paper", only Xu Qiu will be researching, and if you choose to publish a "small paper", hundreds of teams in the entire research field can work together. Cooperation.
　　 Obviously, in the case of the former, the rate of development of the entire field is likely to lag behind the latter.
try{mad1('gad2');}catch(ex){}　　 Even if Xu Qiufu is very high, and there is a plug-in such as a system, it is impossible for one person to be worthy of researchers in the entire field.
　　 This phenomenon, when considered further, is actually a manifestation of "choice is greater than effort." Xu Qiu points out a relatively correct direction for everyone, and can help other researchers make relatively correct choices.
　　 In the scientific research circle, the phenomenon that choice is greater than effort is actually more obvious than in most industries in reality.
　　 is not to say that hard work is not important.
　　 Effort is of course important. Even if you have a good idea, if you don't practice it, it will be zero.
　　 It’s just that hard work is actually quite cheap, especially for Chinese people, hard work is a traditional virtue, per capita liver emperor.
For example, in the scientific research circle, Zhang worked overtime three days a day and worked 00+ hours a week. Li Si was only a normal 996. He did not work overtime a week and only worked 72 hours. In terms of the workload of the two, the difference was not big. There is only a gap of less than twice.
　　 However, Zhang Sanxuan's direction is so-so, with a success rate of only one in ten thousand, and Li's four direction is more correct, with a success rate of one in a thousand, which will cause a tenfold difference.
　　 And the final expectation of scientific research results can be simply regarded as the multiplication of "effort" and "choice".
　　In other words, unless Zhang San's effort is ten times that of Li Si, he is likely to surpass Li Si.
　　 But of course it is impossible. No matter how hard a person works, there are only 24 hours a day and only 7 days a week.
　　 In the final analysis, the fundamental reason why choices in the scientific research circle are greater than effort is that the differences between different choices are very large.
　　 Just now, the difference between the success rate was only one in 10,000 and one in a thousand. If the difference between the success rate was one in 100,000 and one in 100, it would cause a difference of thousands of times.
　　 Thousands of times the gap is even more desperate. Zhang San worked hard for three years, and it might not be as good as Li Sihuan for a month.
Reflected in reality, some doctoral students who work hard for three years, or even postpone for one or two years, may not have any scientific research results, while some people can send out SI at will at the undergraduate or graduate level, or even Publish NS.
　　 Perhaps it is precisely because the scientific talents of different people vary greatly, and the talents of scientific research are hidden talents, that the school knows that most people are not suitable for scientific research, but still recruit a large number of science and engineering graduate students.
　　 is for screening, screening out seed players with good scientific research talents and guiding them to the path of scientific research.
　　 However, the effect is not very satisfactory.
　　 At this stage, the small group of people who are the most elite in the human community are often not in the scientific research circle, but are busy making money in the financial Internet field.
　　The reason is that although scientific researchers are, from a certain perspective, the hope of human civilization in the future and should be given the highest resource allocation, the current salary of scientific researchers is too low to be worthy of their status.
　　The more elite you are, the more you are self-serving. In the absence of benefits, it is really difficult to sustain themselves with a passion and conviction, unless they are from the elite class and have achieved material freedom.
　　 It is worth mentioning that the scientific research circle belongs to the field of "choice is greater than effort". In reality, there are some fields where "effort is greater than choice".
　　The reason is that the choice has little effect on the final income expectations, at least not like scientific research, which has a difference of ten times or more at every turn.
　　 In this case, every time you work hard, you can make more money. Work harder, get more money, and you’re done.
　　 For example, most of the repetitive manual labor, such as moving bricks, entering the factory, delivering food, etc., instead of spending a lot of time thinking about where to move bricks, it is better to do more work, because the difference is not big...
　　 Another example is that for top jobs in finance, investment banking, 00+ hours a week is basically standard.
　　 When hiring people, even some investment banking units clearly stated that they "can accept a 7-hour work schedule and try to be on the job seven days a week", that is, "Nine to two nights throughout the year."
　　 Of course, the salary is also very exaggerated. The annual salary is hundreds of thousands, and millions are not a dream.
　　 At ten o'clock in the morning, Xu Qiu took the final draft of the "Nature" essay to Xianca 53.
　　 At this time, Wei Xingsi had already made tea in advance, and when Xu Qiu came in, he eagerly asked, "Is everything changed?"
　　 Xu Qiu replied "Yes" and handed the U disk in his hand to Wei Xingsi. Then he poured himself a cup of tea, then pulled a swivel chair from the side and sat behind Teacher Wei.
　　 Wei Xingsi copied the file to the computer, rubbed the water, operated the mouse, and started to browse the text.
try{mad1('gad2');}catch(ex){}　　 The format of this article, Xu Qiu has already carried out preliminary typesetting in accordance with the requirements of the journal Nature.
　　 Because "Nature" and "Science" have the same layout requirements, if the layout exceeds the limit, it will also affect the draft.
　　 The title is "Single-junction organic photovoltaic device, efficiency exceeds %", which is very concise.
　　 Speaking of it, when the senior sister taught Xu Qiu to write SI papers, she once said that the title is very important, and it must be very "wow".
　　 Xu Qiu was also convinced at the beginning, but as the number of articles he published slowly increased, he found that when a job is very good, there is no need for extra explanations at all, and it is enough to directly add the highlights of the work.
　　 For example, when Xu Qiu starts the title now, he is very casual. He only took ten seconds to figure out the title.
　　 The title of the article, Wei Xingsi didn't comment on it, so it was a tacit consent.
Afterwards, Wei Xingsi glanced at the list of authors, glanced at the twelve authors, stayed for a few more seconds on the "" behind Xu Qiu's name, which represents the corresponding author, and asked casually: "Xu Qiu, your first time How does it feel to be a corresponding author?"
　　 "It seems..." Xu Qiu scratched his head: "It doesn't feel much."
　　 Wei Xingsi was choked for a while, and after a while, he said as if recalling: "The first time I became a corresponding author, I was 33 years old. At that time, I entered NREL for a year and a half..."
　　 Next, Mr. Wei did not skip reading like usual literature, but followed the abstract, introduction, text, references, author's contribution, supporting information... and read it down.
　　In the middle of the journey, he occasionally turned his head and exchanged a few sentences with Xu Qiu, changing a few adjectives, verbs, and clauses.
　　 Wei Xingsi did not make too many changes to the text.
　　 On the one hand, the draft of the "Nature" article that Xu Qiu brought out has been repeatedly revised, and there are not too many obvious omissions.
　　 On the other hand, Wei Xingsi also knows that Xu Qiu’s current attainments in the field of organic photovoltaics have in fact surpassed him. If he is forced to put forward an opinion and ask Xu Qiu to make changes, it may become worse.
　　 In fact, it is a common phenomenon in scientific research circles that graduate students have better understanding of a certain sub-field than teachers.
　　 For example, in Wei Xingsi's research group, "organic solar cells" is a first-level field;
"Non-fullerene acceptors", "fullerene acceptors", "polymer donors", "small molecule donors", etc., are subdivisions of the second-level field of "organic solar cells" ；
　　 "ITI series receptors", "PDI series receptors", etc., are the three subdivisions under the field of "non-fullerene receptors";
　　 "IT-4F receptor", "IDI receptor" and so on, UU reading www. uukanshu.com is a four-level subdivision in the field of "ITI series receptors";
　　 can also be divided into five levels, six levels, seven levels... subdivided areas.
　　 The instructor establishes a topic group, and he will generally cultivate one or more first-level fields, and most of the students he leads will choose this first-level field, a certain sub-field for topic selection and research.
　　 Because the tutor has past research experience, he is likely to be better than the student in the first-level field.
　　 However, for the specific 5th, 6th, 7th...subdivision areas, the students who are actually responsible for doing experiments will be better than the instructors.
　　 Xu Qiu’s current situation is quite special. He has surpassed Wei Xingsi in the first-level field of organic photovoltaics, and has even become one of the world's top scholars in this field.
For example, Han Jiaying, Wu Shengnan, and Mo Wenlin, they specialize in donor materials, acceptor materials, ternary and laminated devices respectively. In the corresponding subdivisions, they are stronger than Wei Xingsi, but for the organic photovoltaic field as a whole His understanding is still weaker than that of Teacher Wei.
　　 After repeatedly checking and revising the "Nature" article twice, Wei Xingsi copied the main text, supporting information, and original data to a large computer, and completed the submission of the "Nature" article.
　　 "Huh—finally finished." Wei Xingsi's face was flushed, he took a long breath, moved his body, and said:
　　 "At night you take them out for a dinner... In addition, we will go to the beautiful country to attend the RS meeting in April. Remember to prepare luggage and bring some necessary items, such as sockets for switching voltages..."