Vol 2 Chapter 417: , Two major problems of controllable fusion

There are two difficulties in implementing controlled nuclear fusion. One is how to heat the fusion materials to a sufficiently high temperature. Nuclear fusion requires a high temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees. At present, scientists have solved this problem, and the use of laser polymerization generates high temperatures of hundreds of millions of degrees. To solve this problem.
The use of laser ignition seems simple, but it is very difficult, because in a short heating time, it must be guaranteed that the heated object is heated uniformly in all directions and collapses toward the center of the ball. The simple understanding is to imagine the heated substance as a football. To squeeze the air inside the football, the best way is to work hard from all sides to compress the volume. If you press hard from only two directions, the football will be deformed, and the squeezing effect of the air inside the football will be greatly reduced.
This requires not only that the direction of the alignment of each laser is extremely accurate, but also that the energy of each laser needs to be strictly controlled in this extremely short period of time. At present, the research progress of Uncle Sam in this field is the fastest. The National Ignition Unit is currently able to focus 192 lasers at the same point.
This nuclear fusion laboratory on the Milky Way Science and Technology Moon is also the same. It is built with reference to Uncle Sam's national ignition device. It can focus 365 laser beams at the same point and instantly generate hundreds of degrees of high temperature, which is enough to ignite the nuclear. Fusion material.
And compared to Uncle Sam's national ignition device that can only be used for an ignition experiment in a few hours, this ignition device of Xinghe Technology can achieve 10 ignitions per second and release 10 pulses.
This ignition device first enhances the external laser by 10,000 times, then splits a laser beam into 2 laser beams, and then splits the 2 laser beams into 4 beams. In this way, it finally splits into 365 beams step by step. During the splitting process, The beam is continuously enhanced, and its total energy is increased to 500 trillion times the energy just started, and finally focused on a deuterium-thorium nuclear fusion fuel with a diameter of 3 mm, which can generate a high temperature of more than 100 million degrees, which is enough to trigger the nuclear fusion.
Maybe someone will ask, how much energy does it take to ignite it?
The photons of the laser are all directional. Unlike ordinary light sources, the photons are divergent. The sun shines on the ground and does not burn the paper, but focusing the light on a point can burn the paper. Are the same.
Lasers are highly concentrated in energy, but the energy contained in them is not necessarily large, and the energy consumption is not too terrifying.
But solving this problem still has a very long process to achieve controlled nuclear fusion, because the temperature of the nuclear fusion reaction is very high, and the high temperature of hundreds of degrees is enough to be comparable to the temperature of the solar core. What do we do to make a nuclear fusion reactor? ?
It must be known that the most high-temperature resistant material researched by scientists today is pentacarbonate tantalum hafnium, which has a melting point of more than 4,200 degrees, but this temperature is insignificant compared with high temperatures of hundreds of millions of degrees.
The most high-temperature-resistant materials will be directly gasified at such high temperatures and become the most basic ionic state. The problem of nuclear fusion reactors is a problem that really puzzles scientists.
Controllable nuclear fusion technology can be different from hydrogen bomb technology. The hydrogen bomb only needs to be destroyed, and atomic detonation is sufficient. The greater the remaining power, the better.
But this controlled fusion, if you want to control this fusion, to control this huge energy, scientists must find a way to solve this terrible high temperature problem.
Before solving the problem, we must first know the heat conduction mode, heat conduction, heat radiation and heat convection.
Heat conduction is a heat transfer phenomenon when there is no macroscopic motion in the medium. It can occur in solids, liquids and gases, but strictly speaking, it is pure heat conduction only in solids, and even if the fluid is at rest, it will Natural convection occurs due to the density difference caused by the temperature gradient. Therefore, thermal convection and heat conduction occur simultaneously in the fluid.
Thermal radiation is the phenomenon that an object radiates electromagnetic waves due to its temperature. All objects whose temperature is higher than absolute zero can generate thermal radiation. The higher the temperature, the greater the total radiation energy and the more short-wave components.
The spectrum of thermal radiation is a continuous spectrum. The theoretical wavelength coverage range can be from 0 to up. The general thermal radiation mainly depends on the longer wavelength of visible light and infrared rays. Since electromagnetic waves do not require any medium, thermal radiation is the only one in vacuum. Heat transfer mode.
Thermal convection, also called convective heat transfer, refers to the heat transfer process caused by the relative displacement of particles in a fluid. Thermal convection occurs only in the fluid.
Knowing the three modes of heat transfer, scientists also conceived several methods to control billions of degrees of high temperature.
At present, geoscientists have proposed many methods for controlling nuclear fusion, including ultrasonic nuclear fusion control method, laser confinement control method, inertial confinement control method, magnetic confinement control method and so on.
Among them, the most feasible is the magnetic constrained control method. The "superconducting tokamak" device was developed to realize the storage of hundreds of millions of degrees of material. The specific principle is very simple, as mentioned in the high school physics textbook. By constraining these substances in a closed ring and making them rotate at high speed, they are fixed in a closed space, thereby achieving disguised bloom.
It seems as if the two major obstacles to nuclear fusion have been solved by the Earth people, but there is still a more serious problem at present, that is, these two solutions to the two difficult points are completely impossible to combine!
That is to say, at the current level of the earth, it is only possible to ignite nuclear fusion fuel or use "superconducting tokamak" to lift up, but it is very difficult to focus hundreds of lasers on such a small point!
The fusion material needs to be stationary at the designated target position to be heated and ignited, while the superconducting tokamak device is a magnetic confinement process. If the fusion material is stationary, it cannot be affected by the corresponding Lorentz force in the magnetic field. Constrained in a designated confined space.
Therefore, although scientists on earth have solved the two major problems of nuclear fusion, they still have no way to achieve controllable nuclear fusion. These two solutions can only find ways to solve another problem if they have a great advantage in solving one problem. One question.
Qin Yi looked at the huge and complicated ignition device in front of her, thinking a lot in her mind, and there were many ways to achieve nuclear fusion in the science and technology tower.
Like the space control method, freezing method, gravity restraint method, etc., the space control method is designed with space technology, because thermal radiation is the only conduction method in a vacuum, so using space technology can very easily reach hundreds of millions of degrees of temperature. Give it under control.
As for the freezing method, that is, the cold nuclear fusion technology in transit, this technology is a higher level than the thermal nuclear fusion technology, which is too far away.
The gravity restraint method is to send nuclear fusion fuel into a spherical three-dimensional space, and then apply strong gravity to the three-dimensional control, relying on the strong gravity to restrain the energy of hundreds of millions of degrees, and at the same time, the energy can be guided as required. For various purposes.
As far as the current level of Xinghe technology is concerned, the closest thing that can be realized is this gravity constraint method, because antigravity technology has been mastered and used, it is still possible to study gravity technology.
And gravity technology is very important. It can not only be used to control nuclear fusion, but also to add gravity to the spacecraft. You must know that there is no gravity in space.
Human beings have been in such an environment for a long time, and bones will slowly pass away calcium. After returning to the earth, they are likely to be paralyzed and become wasteful.
The universe is too vast and too vast, even the Centaurus galaxy closest to Earth has 4.3 light years. With such a long distance, it will take a long time to sail in the interstellar universe.
Therefore, spacecraft and space battleships used for space navigation must have gravity generating devices, so that people on the spacecraft can live in a gravity environment, and simulate the environment on the earth as much as possible, so as to reduce as much as possible. A variety of problems have arisen.
Right now, the study of nuclear fusion technology also requires the use of gravity technology.
If the gravity technology can be researched, the spacecrafts and space warships that sail the interstellar universe in the future will have a super energy heart. The powerful energy generated by nuclear fusion will be enough for spaceships and space warships to never have to worry about energy.
If a spacecraft can be equipped with a gravity generating device ~ EbookFREE.me ~ A spacecraft can also have gravity. Living on the spacecraft will not be much different from living on the earth, which is very conducive to long-term in the interstellar universe. Sailing will greatly reduce the emergence of void syndrome and protect health.
In order to study gravity technology, Qin Yi has taken relevant technology out of the science and technology tower a few years ago. While researching anti-gravity technology, he also set up a corresponding gravity research laboratory. Lu Qingwei is responsible for this laboratory. people.
He is both an expert in the field of antigravity and also an expert in gravity technology. He is carrying a huge scientific team on the moon side to secretly study gravity technology and controlled nuclear fusion technology.
Although this interstellar mining has technical difficulties, it is not necessary for Qin Yi to arrange Lu Qingwei in the past. He is a talent and a high-end talent that Qin Yi originally dug out from a major national project.
The real role is naturally placed on scientific research like Yang Hongyan and Zhang Jian. As for managing companies and enterprises, it is enough to leave it to professional managers. There is no need to waste talents like Lu Qingwei.
All this is for the purpose of covering people's eyes and eyes, in order to facilitate frequent trips to and from the moon, and to and from this laboratory located on the moon for scientific research.