Vol 2 Chapter 1337: Energy Band Semiconductor and Crystal

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In Huo Tongqing's Alloy Demonstration Department, Chong Baiyu is playing with several metal blocks like waste materials. It seems to have been forcibly broken off from a larger metal embryo with wrist force.
He placed several small electrical arrays in the isolation area of ​​the empirical bench, and separated the yin and yang poles, and connected the wires to the two ends of the metal block. It seemed to be measuring its conductivity.
"Yo, isn't this Chong Shidi?" A familiar fellow walked in and happened to see Chong Baiyu fluttering in front of the demonstration desk. This fellow was also a joke, and immediately greeted loudly: "Brother Chong, I haven't seen you for a long time. Where have you been recently? It's still so diligent."
Chong Baiyu almost burst into tears when he heard this. He said to Huo Tongqing, who was leisurely flipping through the books: "Mr. Huo, don't bring this ... I finally find some time to come back and do some work. Why is Brother Hao listening so harsh?"
"Hao Zhongqiang." Huo Tongqing nodded insignificantly to show his criticism. The disciple changed his clothes with a smile, and began to make his own proof. However, he still got close to Chong Baiyu.
Huo Tongqing looked at Chong Baiyu again: "Why, wronged?"
"No ... Master, I also followed your orders to go out to work." Chong Baiyu was about to wipe his tears: "But now my progress has been pulled down ... I ..."
Huo Tongqing smiled: "I was really wronged, or I was here." He patted Chong Baiyu's shoulder: "Follow Wang Daoyou, did you learn anything?"
"To be honest, I learned a little." Chong Baiyu nodded: "However, I still ... don't quite understand. Wang Youdao is indeed the first-rate figure in recent hundreds of years, but his theory is basically all What kind of logic, what kind of wisdom. I heard some of it, it is thought-provoking, thought-provoking. But otherwise, it is useless! "
"It's useless ..." Huo Tongqing was embarrassed: "After all, we also have to learn the way of physical properties."
"Statistics or symmetry? Although I heard that he was doing it, I didn't see how he used it."
Huo Tongqing shook his head: "This is your fault, Bai Yu. Wang Qi Daoyou, that's a first-rate operator, and he will definitely become a happy character in the future. This kind of character, when you are free, you come to ask questions You do n’t have to bother. And now, you are doing things under his hands. What a great opportunity this is, you should ask if you have any questions! Take advantage of the opportunity. "
Chong Baiyu almost cried again.
He also wants to ask questions! However, Wang Qi ’s management and empirical department is totally a shopkeeper who leaves everything to him. He is really busy like a dog. In contrast, Wang Qi, who does his own research every day, basically runs out of sight, even if he wants to ask questions ... he must have a chance!
And, moreover ... the whole empirical department is still in the state of practicing all hands. It is said that it is the empirical department. The activities carried out are essentially the same as the teaching empirical department of Xianyuan. This ... he didn't ask questions from the beginning!
Huo Tongqing no longer struggled with this issue, and turned to look at several metal blocks in the hands of Chong Baiyu: "Chromium alloy ... Hey, this seems to be one of the several pan-crystalline substances Wang Qi studied before- No, this seems to be the empirical sample retained by Wang Qi? "
Chong Baiyu nodded and took out a seal: "Wang Qi lent me the seal of the sample box of his seal empirical sample and said that if I was interested ... Ah, he said a few days ago that he seemed to know a wonderful About the phenomenon of resistance, and inferred its existence, and said that if I am interested, I can try it myself. "
"Oh?" Hao Zhongqiang on the side was also interested. He stretched his neck and asked, "What's the phenomenon?"
"Well, it's about the resistance of the alloy." Chong Baiyu said: "Under certain conditions, metal smelting will cause higher resistance or even insulation due to different crystals-not because it is doped with other non-conductive Substance, but because of the way of crystallization. "
"Cut, what do I think it was a big discovery. Jianglong iron, amethyst amethyst silver." Hao Zhongqiang was somewhat disdainful: "Someone discovered it eight hundred years ago, and I don't know how many people thought it. Discovered in different ways. What's so great about this? "
"No, he seems to say that he has also discovered a law-that is, a group of materials changes in resistivity due to changes in the crystallization method. A set of data. Wang Qi said that he predicted according to the law he found. This phenomenon has been verified before. The set of data he said, I feel very strange, so I want to come back and actually test it, and then compare it. "
Huo Tongqing's face changed slightly and asked, "How are you doing?"
"Well, basically, I don't know if he really predicted it. I still measured it first, and then followed up with a rule." Chong Baiyu shook his head and sighed: "Well, the pan-crystal in the form of Xin, the resistivity is three Thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight euros per centimeter-it's hard to imagine that this is made entirely of metallic elements. "
Usually, the resistivity of metals is tens of millions of this. If it is a good conductor of the current of iron, it can even reach billions or one billion.
"Then the Geng and C forms also fit Wang Qi's statement ..."
Listening to Chong Baiyu's nagging explanation, Huo Tongqing thought deeply: "Oh, this ... from this perspective ... crystal? What he is going to do is crystal? I almost think he is a master in the field of semiconductors. "
"What's wrong?" Chong Baiyu realized that Huo Tongqing's face didn't seem right.
"Oh, I listen to you, probably guess what he is going to do ... What is the electron transport phenomenon inside the crystal ... No, there may be scattering ... There is too little information, I can't guess." Huo Tongqing shook his head: "All in all, this might be a great achievement."
"Very powerful?" Hao Zhongqiang was a little surprised: "How powerful, teacher?"
"Well, you should know the concept of" can bring "." Huo Tongqing asked.
"Atoms are in the crystal lattice, and the outer electrons of the atoms easily move through the crystal due to misty tunneling. These electrons are so-called shared electrons. Then these electrons are because of the intolerance [Pauli Incompatibility Theorem] and The principle of energy-spirit minimum, forming an energy band ... "
Chong Baiyu's socket: "In simple terms, there are electron orbits outside the atom that are shared with other atoms, and in the crystal electrons can be excited to these orbits shared with other atoms. This is the energy band."
Huo Tongqing nodded: "Well, it seems that both of you have learned very well. The energy band is such a meaning. It is also the secret of the general metal substance can conduct electricity. But in the pan crystal, the energy band does not seem to exist widely. The special smelting material of Jianglong Iron or Huayu Amethyst Silver can indeed isolate electricity and become one of the few main metal smelting materials among the monks crossing the robbery ... "
"So, why the energy band disappears in some pan-crystals is also a huge puzzle. If the study reveals this ..."
Speaking of which, Huo Tongqing suddenly froze. He glanced at the numbers written on Chong Baiyu's desk, and closed his eyes to make a mental calculation.
Then, his face was green, and he said in a slightly astringent voice: "Bai Yu ... I will never talk to me about this aspect in the future. You are also working in the empirical department of other people. Need to avoid suspicion. "
Chong Baiyu felt for a moment that he was abandoned and ousted from the core position of this empirical department. His tears came down on the spot: "Why, teacher, you are trying to drive me out ... I didn't say anything there!"
"No, you are talking nonsense here." Huo Tongqing's hand shook a little, but then quieted down again. He said quietly: "What you said just now has given me an idea-and it's a pen from God. I'm scared ... I'm afraid I can't help myself, and do the kind of virtuous things."
Chong Baiyu was embarrassed: "Teacher, this ... this is not ... not intentional, and Wang Qi does not know ..."
Huo Tongqing didn't say anything, but looked up and forcibly ignored Chong Baiyu's empirical platform.
"White feather."
"teacher……"
"Wang Daoyou learns the way of materiality much faster than I thought. This time, you have to trouble you." Huo Tongqing sighed: "Perhaps, the next new student of my way of nature is here."
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The calculation has been going on for two days.
Wang Qi's spirit continued to be tense, but his mind turned faster and faster.
If impurities are added to the conductor, the electrons will be scattered by these impurities during conduction, and the multiple scattered waves will interfere with each other. As a result, the movement of the electrons will stop, and the conductivity of the metal will disappear, showing the nature of an insulator.
This phenomenon is well understood, and current will scatter when it encounters non-conductive impurities. The superposition of wave crests and troughs will cancel each other out and seem to disappear. According to probability, this phenomenon is almost inevitable when multiple scattering occurs.
This is called "Anderson localization" on the earth. It can be regarded as one of the by-products of the US-Soviet Cold War. At the beginning, the United States and the Soviet Union fought for space hegemony, competing to develop high-energy batteries. In the course of research, American laboratories have developed techniques for doping phosphorus and boron in silicon. This kind of mixture turns on current under non-uniform conditions, and a peculiar phenomenon occurs in the local area-in the region with low doping concentration, the spin diffusion effect of electrons disappears.
Researcher Philip W. Anderson of this laboratory discovered this phenomenon.
With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the cold war has long ended. And in the era when Wang Qi traveled, even the United States was no longer at its peak. However, this law is destined to spread forever with human civilization.
Even with Wang Qi, he crossed the universe.
However, in this aura universe, it needs to change the form of expression.
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