Vol 2 Chapter 1357: Superfluid superconductivity and condensed matter 【Continued】

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The so-called "condensed state" refers to a system composed of a large number of particles, and there is a strong interaction between the particles. There are various condensed matter in nature. Superfluid state, superconducting state, Bose-Einstein condensed state at low temperature, ferromagnetic state in magnetic medium, antiferromagnetic state, etc. are also condensed states.
On Earth, the so-called "condensed matter physics" is the science that studies the microstructure, interactions, motion laws, and the nature and application of condensed matter composed of a large number of microscopic particles.
On Earth, condensed matter physics originated from solid-state physics and cryogenic physics in the 19th century. It is based on solid physics, further broadens the research object, and deepens the discipline formed by the research level. The level of its research includes macro, mesoscopic to micro; its material dimensions include three-dimensional, low-dimensional and fractal; its research structure, periodic to non-periodic and quasi-periodic, complete to incomplete and nearly complete; The external environment of the research, from conventional conditions to extreme conditions and a variety of extreme conditions interact ...
However, the subject of condensed matter is also very young. Although the Bose-Einstein condensate was a mature concept long before World War II, it was not until 1984 that this subject was fully established. Phonon field theory, BCS theory of low temperature superconductivity, semiconductor theory and even the "Mott transition" of metal from good conductor to insulator ...
This one after another discovery has made scientists begin to pay attention to the problems related to "phase transition". Solid state physics is gradually connected with some research in the microscopic field, forming the current condensed matter physics.
The process of the two can be seen as the process of quantum field theory coming out of the field of quantum physics and gradually infiltrating all aspects of other disciplines.
Superconductivity and superfluidity are another important step in this process.
The so-called "Bose-Einstein condensate" is a special state of matter. In this state of matter, several atoms are aggregated together, like a particle, subject to various interactions. To put it simply, it can be regarded as a "multi-particle superposition state"-that is, a kind of "macro-superposition state".
Of course, this "macro" is also relative.
Superfluid is phenomenal, essentially a quantum statistical phenomenon, and a cohesive behavior.
The superconductor can be regarded as a condensed state composed of electrons inside the crystal and not interacting with the crystal lattice. You can imagine this picture in this way-there are countless blocks built into a grid-like frame, and inside this frame, there is water flowing. The frame made of building blocks can hardly impede water-this is the secret of superconductors. [Of course, limited to boson-based low-temperature superconductivity. The phenomenon of high-temperature superconductivity is similar to that of low-temperature superconductivity, but the principle is very different]
It can be said that low temperature superconductivity is a special kind of supercurrent, which is a supercurrent of electrons.
Unfortunately, there is still no good theory to explain the superfluid phenomenon. On the contrary, it is superconducting, and there are many theories and models.
Of course, at this stage, whether it is superconductor or superfluid research, it is the promotion of condensed matter physics.
Wang Qi's sentence can indeed be regarded as a "direction". Unlike superfluid, superconductors are sure to become a popular research direction in Xiandao. Not to mention, the superconductivity theory alone can add to a series of electromagnetic spells in the Tiange system, which can make many monks who are united in madness.
"Superconducting? Need to add more cold and hot magic circle ..." Huo Tongqing lowered his head, thoughtfully.
Wang Qi seemed to think of something, adding: "Of course, you are also the other way around-studying the insulation of metal spirit materials is also a good direction."
Topological insulators are quite popular in the 21st century, and the "Mott transition" that turns metals into insulators through the interaction between electrons is an important discovery before solid state physics moves towards condensed matter physics.
Huo Tongqing nodded, not knowing how much he listened to. He changed the subject and asked, "In other words, Daoyou, you are playing with these zero elemental gases. Are you going to develop any spell?"
"Spell? Isn't it." Wang Qi nodded and then asked, "Is there any scrap metal smelting here?"
Huo Tongqing pointed to the corner. In an instant, a few faint red thorns stabbed in the past. Even if Huo Tongqing was a monk in the refining period, he almost didn't capture their trajectory without paying attention. By the time he recovered, the metal blocks had been cut into pieces.
"This ... this is ..." Huo Tongqing narrowed his eyes: "What a sharp means ... What a quick means!"
He saw it at a glance. Wang Qi just controlled the zero-element gas, which is a superfluid, with imperialism to give these superfluid kinetic energy.
Because it is superfluid, the zeroth element gas has its own non-viscous and entropy-singular characteristics. And because the zero element gas is purely composed of neutrons, it hardly interacts with air.
Non-stickiness means that it will not consume heat energy due to meaningless movement inside. There is almost no interaction with general substances, which means that it will not be resisted by any foreign objects, and it can even "seep" objects directly. And without entropy-in this universe, without entropy means that he can make the spiritual power never lose and fully exert.
Because there is almost no interaction with the air, the airflow caused by Wang Qi's blow has not even attracted Huo Tongqing's attention. Because it is non-sticky, Wang Qi can also easily accelerate it to a speed that is difficult for a monk in the Yuanshen period to respond.
"Great, really great ..." Huo Tongqing praised: "I burned the disciples of Jingu, many of them have cultivation methods to improve their ability to control a certain element. The iron, hydrogen and carbon are relatively common. . But if everyone has learned how to control the zero element, everyone has this skill ... "
"Mr. Huo, don't be busy and excited first." Wang Qi shook his head: "This time is not as simple as you think."
"How to say?" Huo Tongqing calmed down a little from his excitement.
"First of all, there is almost no natural zero element in the world. Under our environment, the zero element has already decayed." Wang Qi let go of the zero element gas in his hand: "If you want to use If you do, you have to carry the well-preserved element zero gas with you. "
At this point, the entire empirical department was already filled with glowing gas. The zeroth element makes the temperature of the whole empirical department consistent within a very short time. Because the outdoor temperature in Nanming is much lower than the indoor temperature, the superfluid quickly escapes from the door crack-even if the door is an airtight door.
Looking at such a scene, Huo Tongqing said contemplatively: "Well, the zero element is not expensive, and the price is even lower than the high-level fuzhuan. If it is a disciple of the Dandan period, it is reasonable for everyone to carry ten to twenty. And a super-fluid in a test tube can give a disciple of the Tandan period a blow that is as fast as and beyond the idle spirit ... Even if it is not possible to fight across the ranks because of the strength, it can also exist as a kill of the same rank. "
"It's not very realistic." Wang Qi shook his head: "Do you know the phrase 'drawing a knife, breaking water and flowing water'?"
Huo Tongqing was shocked: "You mean ..."
"Because it is pure neutron, there is almost no interatomic interaction with conventional matter. Although it is not difficult to penetrate into other objects. But the kinetic energy that general monks can apply to it is not too strong, falling on a single atom of the zeroth element. It may not be able to withstand the nuclear force of the atomic part. Even if the gas is condensed, it can hardly cut anything-it basically penetrates. "
Of course, work miracles. If a monk can accelerate the zero element to the extent that the relativistic effect needs to be considered, it can still be turned into a gas blade, and people can kill the Buddha. But ... Your elders have such great skills, what's wrong with accelerating? Even accelerating air is more efficient than element zero!
Huo Tongqing pointed to a pile of debris in the corner: "Those are ..."
"Those." Wang Qi spread his hands: "I used the zero element gas to fight the Tiangexing electric energy. Because the zeroth gas is super fluid and zero entropy, the Tiangexing electric energy is completely passed. Plus It does not have any electrical properties, so this conduction is not difficult. It is not the zero element air blade that actually tears these iron blocks and interrupts the electromagnetic interaction between atoms, but my Tiangexing electric energy. " With that in mind, Wang Qi patted his chest: "It's not me who blows it. During the period of Tandan, my Tiangexing practice was quite authentic. Generally speaking, it is not as good as me to be a monk."
Huo Tongqing's fiery heart immediately extinguished half.
What really works is Tiange Xingjin, which means that the attack through the zero element gas really depends on Wang Qi ’s own power. If the enemy's mana exceeds Wang Qi and can neutralize this force, then the zero element air blade will have no effect.
The hardest thing to say ... This is at most to allow one monk to simply break through the other monk's body-protecting treasure, and then pass his own blow without any damage.
However, considering that some body-protecting gang qi has the property of "regardless of what material is excluded", it is not yet known how effective this method can be.
"Well, so it's the biggest use of Reiki indicator at this stage." Wang Qi shrugged. Many of his methods can hurt his enemies in a step-by-step manner. He naturally looks down upon such small "game-making" spells.
"Spell industry cutting can be considered for one use. In addition, as a coolant that maintains a uniform temperature within a certain range, it also has a certain effect ..."
Think carefully, it can be said that low-temperature superconductivity is a special kind of supercurrent, but the theory of superconductivity is far more developed than supercurrent itself, and it is not unreasonable. After all, there are far more applications of superconductivity than superfluid.
"It's a real world, whether it's the last one or this one." Wang Qi shook his head and sighed in his heart.
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