Vol 2 Chapter 1025: Nuclear explosion speed: tremor time

Eyes closed.
After slowly opening, Richard saw that he was already in outer space, surrounded by many bright stars.
As the thought moved, the stars approached quickly, and his body fell towards one of the planets.
There is a sea on the planet, an island on the sea, a forest on the island, and a magnificent Siamese library in the forest. Not long after, he had entered the library and sat in a purple hall in the library.
In the hall stood many mahogany bookshelves over three meters high, full of books. A long-necked turtle statue drew a heavy book from the bookshelf and placed it in front of him.
Reaching out, he saw the content above-the technology of making atomic bombs.
The manufacture of atomic bombs is not only difficult but also easy.
At the time, when the first atomic bomb was made, the most powerful country on the planet used all the technology it had and served hundreds of thousands of people. A large number of the world's top scientists participated in it, which took several years to succeed.
Before its success, the atomic bomb was undoubtedly the most high-end creation in the world.
But as soon as the atomic bomb was manufactured, it began to fall from the cloud, and the top technology became an outdated theoretical basis, the difficulty changed from extremely high to very low, and almost anyone has the ability to repeat. This is mainly because when the first atomic bomb was manufactured, no one knew whether it would succeed, and a lot of energy and material resources were invested in trial and error and verification to study whether this road could be passed.
Once this road is determined to pass, then all the obstacles on the road are no longer obstacles. At most, there are some small pebbles. The unattainable technology has become a process that can be manipulated by ordinary craftsmen. The difficulty has changed from unimaginable, straight down to nothing more.
This is the power of science.
The initial breakthrough had hell-like difficulty. After the breakthrough, it became a smooth road. I used to gather the things that top scientists only struggled to create. Afterwards, I just found a few physics-educated students in the university. Using fully open knowledge, I could copy them under the premise of having enough raw materials.
This is not a metaphor, but a fact.
The country that first made the atomic bomb on Earth really tested it this way, and then knew that the atomic bomb technology could not be completely blocked. The only thing that could be blocked was the raw materials.
This is the case with technology. You don't need to know what it is, you just need to know if it can be achieved.
Therefore, the manufacture of atomic bombs is difficult and easy. What is difficult is the beginning, and what is easy is everything after the beginning.
According to the principle, the key to atomic bomb manufacturing lies in the critical mass problem.
Atomic bombs are different from conventional bombs. Conventional bombs do not have a critical mass problem. The number of explosives is not limited. You can charge as much as you want. However, the atomic bomb cannot work. Once the nuclear material in the atomic bomb reaches the critical mass or even exceeds the critical mass, it will be in a dangerous state where a nuclear explosion may occur at any time.
In order to prevent such accidents or accidents in which nuclear weapons explode before they are used, the atomic bomb must be stored to ensure that the nuclear materials loaded inside it are below the critical mass, that is, in the state of subcritical mass.
And when it is actually put into use, the nuclear material that is loaded inside must reach a situation where it exceeds the critical mass in a very short time, that is, the supercritical state. Only in this way can the number of free neutrons reach the standard during the fission chain reaction, and the nuclear materials can be efficiently used to release the expected destructive destructive power.
An atomic bomb can only be regarded as a qualified atomic bomb if it solves the problem of "crossing" of critical mass.
To solve this problem, we must know that the critical mass is related to the geometry and physical density of the nuclear material. A supercritical nuclear material, divided into multiple pieces, becomes subcritical, or increases its volume and decreases its density, and becomes subcritical.
What the atomic bomb specifically needs to do is to divide the nuclear material in the bomb into several pieces. When in use, it can instantly backlog several pieces of nuclear material through an internal device to achieve supercriticality, and then provide a neutron source to activate the continuous nuclear chain reaction. Generate a nuclear explosion.
One of the most important words is fast.
Must be fast, must be very fast.
Because the nuclear explosion takes a very short time, it is necessary to ensure that the detonation is extremely fast, otherwise it will not be completely detonated, and the bomb will be exploded in advance by the explosion, wasting the remaining precious nuclear materials.
Generally speaking, the detonation should be completed within one ten thousandth of a second, and the squeezing of different nuclear materials into one piece should shorten the time difference to one millionth of a second, so as not to cause a big difference in the explosion of the atomic bomb. .
If this can be done, then the atomic bomb will complete its mission in three tremors and release the mushroom cloud of destruction.
Tremor was the term invented when the first atomic bomb was made. A tremor was only one hundredth of a second of a second, and the light was only able to withstand a distance of three meters in this period of time.
Three tremors, light walked nine meters in a vacuum, and an atomic bomb completed everything from the beginning to the end.
It's that short.
It's short to the extreme, so it's the ultimate terror.
...
Manufacturing qualified internal devices of atomic bombs involves a variety of knowledge including detonation physics, fluid mechanics, shock wave dynamics, high-temperature and high-pressure condensed matter physics.
Generally, this internal device is composed of five parts: detonation control system, high-energy explosive, reflective layer, nuclear components containing nuclear materials, and neutron source.
The detonation control system is responsible for detonating the high-energy explosive layer, and then uses the impact force of the explosion to push and squeeze the reflective layer and the nuclear components, so that the nuclear material reaches a supercritical state. The neutron source provided neutrons for "ignition" at this time, allowing nuclear materials to begin a continuous nuclear chain reaction, which successfully triggered a nuclear explosion.
In a conventional sense, internal devices are divided into two types: gun type and implosion type.
The gun-type internal device is relatively simple, and generally only requires two pieces of nuclear material of subcritical mass.
The whole device looks like a cylinder, or an iron pipe. In the middle of the iron tube, there is a neutron source, and at each end of the iron tube, a piece of hemispherical nuclear material is placed-the plane is inward, and the ball is facing outward.
The outer spherical surface of the hemispherical nuclear material is covered with a reflective layer that reflects neutrons (used to reflect neutrons and improve the efficiency of sustained nuclear chain reaction), and then high-speed explosives, explosives, detonators, Detonator.
Once the device is activated, under the power of explosives ~EbookFREE.me~ two pieces of hemispherical nuclear material will move toward the center, collide in a very short time, and squeeze into a flat sphere, reaching a supercritical state. At this time, a large amount of neutrons will be released from the neutron source, which will cause a continuous nuclear chain reaction of the nuclear materials and trigger a nuclear explosion.
The advantage of this device is that the technical content is relatively low and it is easy to manufacture. The disadvantage is that the utilization rate of nuclear raw materials is also low. Because when the supercritical state is reached, the nuclear material is not excessively squeezed, which is the normal density. In other words, the atoms are not dense enough. It is like pushing two students of 100 people on the playground suddenly. Although they have reached the standard, they have only reached the standard. The continuous nuclear chain reaction is not fast enough.
On the earth, the first atomic bomb used by a large country in actual combat was such a gun-type device. Because the technology is simple, even the nuclear test is not done, and it is used directly. The effect is very impressive. The loading of nuclear raw materials is up to 64 kg, and the utilization rate is only 1.2%-yes, 1.2%, the remaining 98.8% is wasted, and the TNT power equivalent is only 15,000 tons.
Note ①: All technical knowledge of the atomic bomb manufacturing involved in this article comes from public information on the official website of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Wikipedia, and publicly published books such as "Jingtian Nuclear Net".
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