Vol 2 Chapter 355: Sulfonamide and 0 waves of interest and stones

"In the current wizard-like world of the Middle Ages, trying to use penicillin to treat infected pneumonia is difficult." Li Cha has this idea in mind, "and penicillin can only kill part of the bacteria, and has almost no effect on the fungus. It is best Dispel this idea."
So, what do you use without penicillin?
The answer to this question is-sulfonamide.
Penicillin is the first antibacterial drug discovered in the world and the most widely used antibacterial drug on modern earth, but it is not the first antibacterial drug to be used in large quantities.
In the 1930s, penicillin was discovered, but in the process of increasing production, sulfonamides have been used as clinical drugs for the effective treatment of hemolytic streptococcal infections.
In the next ten years, sulfonamides developed rapidly. By the 1940s, hundreds of different sulfonamides had been produced.
In the early days of World War II (1939-1945), sulfonamides were common drugs used by the military to treat infections. The US military's first aid kit contains sulfonamide powder and sulfonamide tablets. Sprinkling sulfonamide powder on the wound can inhibit infection, and oral sulfa tablets can deal with gangrene and pneumonia.
Well, pneumonia.
Sulfa drugs saved many lives during the war, including many big names, such as Franklin Delano Roosevelt-the son of US President Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill with pneumonia-the British prime minister.
Therefore, no matter how you look at it, under the premise that penicillin is not reliable, sulfonamide is the real life-saving straw.
But it is too early to say that all problems have been solved.
If you think about it carefully, sulfonamides cannot be prepared casually, otherwise such an important thing will not be used as a clinical treatment until the Second World War.
The reason for this is that sulfonamide is a chemical synthetic drug and a derivative of p-aminobenzenesulfonamide. In other words, to make it, you need a certain level of chemical industry.
This level should reach the level of the earth in the 1900s, because this was the time when the first p-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivative was chemically synthesized.
But the original synthesis was not used as a therapeutic drug. At first, people did not realize the magical effect of this kind of thing, but simply regarded it as... a dye.
Yes, dye.
Synthetic products have bright colors and almost no fading. They are superior to all previous dyes and are widely used in the dyeing industry.
It is worth mentioning that the color of this dye is red.
Um, red.
So how did this red dye eventually become a drug after decades?
This mainly relies on the German scientist with a deep brain-Had Domack.
In the autumn of 1932, Domark worked for Fabien, hoping to find a drug that could specifically kill the pathogenic bacteria. After some consideration, he decided to start with the bacterial stain.
Domack's logic is this: staining agents can change the color of the bacteria, indicating that some special changes have taken place in the internal structure of the bacteria. As long as a stain is found, it can only discolor specific bacteria and destroy the internal structure of the bacteria without affecting the rest of the cells. Isn't it an excellent specific antibacterial drug?
After continuous efforts, Domak discovered the red azo dye-Bailangduoxi from thousands of candidate azo dyes.
After research, Bailang Duoxi has a strong effect on the treatment of hemolytic streptococcal infections.
With a lot of interest, Domarc saved his daughter who suffered from streptococcus septicemia due to infection at one stroke and won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1939.
The mechanism of Bailangduoxi is a prodrug, which has no activity in vitro, but after entering the organism, it can decompose the p-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivative, sulfonamide. Sulfonamide is very similar in chemical structure to p-aminobenzoic acid needed for the growth of germs, and will cause the misleading absorption of germs without any effect, and eventually die.
To be honest, the biggest effect of Bailangduoyi is to inhibit germs rather than kill them, which is different from penicillin.
In addition, Bailang Duoxi also has a shortcoming that cannot be ignored, that is, it will make people's body change color after use, because it is a dye after all.
But in any case, he is indeed a life-saving drug.
So how do you get it?
The way to get it is generally to put p-aminobenzenesulfonamide in an alkaline solution and use potassium ferricyanide or potassium permanganate oxidatively coupled amino as a raw material for synthesis. It can also be synthesized by zinc powder reduction coupling with p-nitrobenzenesulfonamide.
All in all, it is very troublesome.
It is not impossible to do it, but because it does not correspond to the level of the chemical industry in the early 20th century of modern earth, many raw materials require extra preparation. The raw materials used to prepare the raw materials require raw materials that do not exist.
Therefore, raw materials of raw materials are needed.
What makes people collapse is that the raw materials of the raw materials often do not exist in nature, and they still need to be prepared-in the absence of a complete industrial system, they often have to face and want to synthesize something across the times, in addition to speculation. To find another way, we must establish a small industrial system that is lacking.
However, Richard does not need to experience this inner collapse.
Because there are so many waves, he owns them.
Yes, he has a lot of interest!
Red dye, high medicinal value, isn't it the thing in the box sent by Alex before?
He realized the value of the dye was accepted, and now it is time to use it.
Richard thought, holding his tired and weak body, and walked to the wooden frame beside him.
...
Outside the laboratory, in the yard.
Pandora stood and frowned, not understanding why Richard drove her out. Was she doing something wrong?
No, she was very obedient during this time, and she actively helped brush test tubes. Perhaps in the process of scrubbing the test tube, a few... dozens of them... well, hundreds of them, but you can’t blame her all.
Whoever made the test tube slippery and slippery was very difficult to grasp, especially if it was contaminated with water, and it would fall to the ground if you accidentally did. She grabbed it so hard not to break it. She crushed it by accident. It should be understood.
Or is it……
Pandora remembered the pale look of Richard before.
"Da da da……"
Pandora ran quickly in front of the window, grabbed the window sill, stood on his feet hard, and looked into the laboratory.
Through the turbid glass, Pandora saw that Richard was frowning tightly, drinking with a weird liquid, and then forced to do something, it seemed very difficult.
She should help.
Pandora thought so, and suddenly saw Richard in the laboratory approaching the window sill, covering his mouth and nose, knocking on the irregular glass inlaid in the window, and said to her: "Be obedient, stay in the yard well Don’t think about coming in. Don’t worry about me, I’m fine.

"Er--" Pandora made a noise, let go of the grilled windowsill~EbookFREE.me~ walked back to the middle of the yard, pouted, and walked a little sullenly. A long stone with a length of more than twenty centimeters, with no long eyes blocking the front, Pandora kicked away, and the stone bone rolled out.
Suddenly Pandora turned her head to look at the kicked stone, her eyes flashed, and she turned her head to look at the laboratory again, as if thinking of something.
Running quickly to the kicking stone, Pandora picked it up, then found another stone in his hand, and tried to start beating.
"Boom..."
Pandora beat it very carefully, much more carefully than when washing the test tube, a long stone of more than twenty centimeters fell a little bit of debris.
Pandora beat for a while and stopped, tilting his head to think for a long time, and then continue to beat.
In the intermittent voice, the long stone in Pandora's hand slowly formed-a human figure.
In the laboratory, Richard took the rest of the adjuvant therapy after taking Bailangduoyi.
The sky is dark, the night continues...