Vol 2 Chapter 1420: Lead battery!

Besides, there are lights in the workshop now, and work at night is similar to that in daytime?
Li Zexuan staggered when he heard the words, and almost fell to the ground, saying: Dare to invent the electric light just to make you stay up late to work, right? When you say that, I feel a bit like that kind of black-hearted capitalist~!
"Mr. Wang, you always listen to my advice, staying up late hurts your body, don't stay up again! Whether it is the refining of vanadium ore or the production of sulfuric acid, you are not in a hurry. You don't have to work so hard. If you are hurt The body is the biggest loss to the college~!"
Li Zexuan looked at Wang Ji and persuaded with all his heart.
Wang Ji looked embarrassed: "Shanchang, it's not that the old man likes to stay up late, but the old man feels a little itchy when he sees the good materials. If he can't refine these good materials into the desired items, he will feel uncomfortable. This is an old problem and can’t be corrected! But don’t worry, the old man’s body must be fine, I know it in my heart~!"
Li Zexuan was speechless for a moment, thinking of his previous evaluation of Wang Ji—an enchanted alchemist. This evaluation was very appropriate. This old man loved alchemy before, and he adjusted some of the things that were in the eyes of others. Now that I have entered the chemistry department of the academy, I have found an "organization" completely, because the way of material transformation in "Chemistry" is similar to that of alchemy. It is not difficult to understand that Wang Ji is in it. !
For this kind of "madman", Li Zexuan knew that no matter how he persuaded him, he would not be able to persuade him. He sighed, and simply stopped persuading him. He walked to the carriage and said regretfully to Han Yu inside: "Lady, Gong There are some things in the workshop, because my husband won’t go back to the county town today, I will let Liu Feng and the others take someone to you back~!"
Han Yuxi picked up the driving curtain, came out from inside, and whispered: "Since Xianggong has something, then go and work! Concubine will stay in Yunshan Courtyard for these two days to take care of Xianggong's diet and daily life~!"
Li Zexuan thought for a while and nodded: "That's fine! I'll send someone back to the county seat to talk to my parents, madam, go back to the other courtyard~!"
"Hmm~!"
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Let Liu Feng take his guards to send Han Yuxi back to Yunshan Courtyard, and Li Zexuan followed Wang Ji to the steelmaking plant in the workshop.
"Look, Shanchang, this is the refined vanadium!"
In the steelmaking plant, Wang Ji pointed to a sack and said to Li Zexuan.
When Li Zexuan walked over and took a look, he saw small light gray stones lying quietly in them. Compared with the vanadium ore that had just been mined, this refined vanadium block had a more delicate color!
"This is the only vanadium metal in the whole world! This thing is very useful, but it is not only used to make sulfuric acid, Mr. Wang, you must keep it safe!"
Li Zexuan picked up two pieces of vanadium, held them in his hands, and said to Wang Ji.
"Shanchang rest assured, even if you don't say it, the old man will keep it safe~!"
Wang Ji nodded in response, and then said, "Shanchang, the sulfuric acid is stored in steel tanks in the warehouse, but for the convenience of use, the old man put some in glass bottles. Shanchang, can you see if the purity is enough?"
"Hmm~!"
Li Zexuan nodded and followed Wang Ji to a small laboratory next to him. Wang Ji put on thick rubber gloves, took a bottle of transparent liquid from the shelf and handed it to Li Zexuan.
Li Zexuan took it and shook it slightly. Seeing that the liquid inside was not as smart as water, but a little viscous, he nodded secretly, because the high concentration of sulfuric acid was indeed a viscous liquid.
"Have you roughly estimated the concentration of this sulfuric acid?"
Li Zexuan turned to look at Wang Ji and asked.
Wang Ji nodded and said: "The old man, based on the input and output ratios of various raw materials, and the total amount of water added, if the leakage loss of sulfur dioxide during the production process is ignored, the theoretical concentration of sulfuric acid is about 97%, but Considering that there will be various errors in actual production, the actual concentration of this sulfuric acid should be around 90%~!"
"Ninety percent? Almost enough for our workshop in the future!"
Li Zexuan smiled comfortedly and said.
Then he opened the bottle cap, dipped a glass rod into a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, and dropped them on a piece of rice paper on the table. When the sulfuric acid fell, the paper quickly turned black, and there was a burning smell of paper in the air. This is because of the strong dehydration of concentrated sulfuric acid, which causes the paper to be carbonized! Upon seeing this, Li Zexuan couldn't help but sighed:
"Very good! Now our workshop is finally able to produce sulfuric acid in batches! This is the cornerstone of Datang's chemical industry soaring~!"
Industrial three acids-nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. At present, the workshop can produce sulfuric acid on a large scale, or hydrochloric acid (the electrolysis of salt water produces sodium hydroxide, hydrogen, and chlorine. The hydrogen is burned in chlorine to produce hydrochloric acid. ), the only thing left is nitric acid!
The production of nitric acid is more complicated. The nitric acid industry is closely related to the synthetic ammonia industry. The catalyst used in it is currently not available in the workshop, so this can only be left to the future!
"Mr. Wang, I will take away some sulfuric acid in a moment to make a battery, a battery that is more durable than the previous voltaic battery! At the steel plant, I hope that Mr. Wang can use the refined vanadium to refine Make vanadium steel!"
After a moment, Li Zexuan asked.
"Vanadium steel? Does Shan Chang want to add vanadium and carbon to molten iron to make a new type of steel?"
Wang Ji's eyes lit up. It was the first time he heard Li Zexuan say that he would use vanadium to make steel.
Li Zexuan nodded and said, "Yes, that's roughly what it means! Specific to the proportion of each raw material, I will list a few references for you later! This steel is mixed with vanadium, for example, the steel is added with wings. Vanadium is in the steel. The role of vanadium is to enhance the hardenability and carbides, and can withstand high temperatures, has a strong secondary hardening effect, and has a significant effect on increasing the hardness, which can be increased by more than three times. Moreover, vanadium can refine the steel grains, stabilize the structure, and more It is suitable for forging and polishing, and it is simply a godsend for the manufacture of weapon armor!"
"Hardness increased by more than three times?"
When Wang Ji heard Li Zexuan say this, his eyes rounded in surprise, but he soon realized that something was wrong, and quickly swallowed, and said, "Gudong...what? Shan Chang, you want to make weapon armor out of vanadium steel. This...this is absolutely forbidden! If you are noticed, your Majesty will not tolerate you!"
This old guy thought that Li Zexuan was swollen and wanted to build weapons and armor to gather his troops to rebel. He almost lost his soul in fright!
However, his first reaction was to persuade Li Zexuan to "put down the butcher knife" instead of clamoring to report and expose, indicating that he really cares about Li Zexuan!
Li Zexuan knew that Wang Ji was misunderstood. He hurriedly said: "What is Mr. Wang talking about? I do intend to make weapon armor, but it is all instructed by your majesty. As for your majesty's plan to use this batch of vanadium steel. I’m not inconvenience to tell you what the armor of the weapon is! Hehe! Don’t worry, I, Xiaoyao Houye and Xiaoyao Mountain Chief have not been enough? Why can’t I want to rebel! I’m very satisfied with the current life!"
When Wang Ji heard this, he couldn't help but breathe a sigh of relief. He wiped the sweat from his forehead, and said, "That's good! That's good! The old man was really scared just now! Since the Holy Master ordered him, the old man naturally has no opinion, Shan After you gave me the ratio formula, I went to trial-produce vanadium steel~!"
"Yes~! Then there is Mr. Lao Wang!"
After Li Zexuan explained to Wang Ji the optional ratios of vanadium, carbon and iron in vanadium steel, he moved a tank of concentrated sulfuric acid and left the steelmaking plant!
After leaving the steelmaking plant, I came to the office building in the front yard of the workshop, where there was a laboratory exclusively for Li Zexuan.
Turning around all the way, Li Zexuan came to his laboratory after refusing the kindness of a few servants who wanted to help carry the steel tank.
Putting the steel tank with sulfuric acid in the corner, Li Zexuan lay down in front of the case and began to draw drawings.
He drew the shell structure of a lead-acid battery!
The negative plate, positive plate and electrolyte are the main constituent materials of the battery flow reaction. The anode plate is lead dioxide and the cathode plate is lead. When the battery is discharged, the negative plate interacts with the electrolyte to turn into lead sulfate and water, releasing electrical energy; when the battery is charged, under the action of external electrical energy, the lead sulfate and the acid in the water generate velvet lead and sulfuric acid, which reduces the electrical energy. Store it up.
In this way, a complete charge and discharge cycle can be formed!
Compared with the lithium batteries that are often used in modern times, although the specific energy of lead batteries is smaller (that is, the energy stored per unit weight is less, mainly because the volume and weight of lead batteries are generally larger), the electromotive force of lead batteries is more stable when discharged, and the working voltage It is stable, has a wide operating temperature and operating current range, can charge and discharge hundreds of cycles, has good storage performance (especially suitable for dry charged storage), and has a low cost, so it is widely used in the electric vehicle industry.
Of course, the most important thing is that with the current conditions of the Qiquge Workshop, it is not easy to produce lead-acid batteries. As for the higher-end lithium batteries, let's wait~!
As for battery electrode materials, lead and lead dioxide, these two things already exist in this era!
Lead is one of the earliest metals used by humans. In 3000 BC, humans already smelted lead from ore. The content of lead in the earth's crust is 0.0016%, and the main ore is galena.
And the history of using lead in ancient China is quite long!
The "hu powder" used by ancient women to whiten the skin is the oxide of lead. For example, copper mirrors used in daily use have lead; in ancient bronzes, lead is one of the three main components; copper coins contain a lot of lead, which was lead at that time The larger the amount used, the more devalued the currency, the more lead content. For ancient alchemists, lead has another use, that is, alchemy. Lead and mercury are important components of the elixir. Of course, both of these things are toxic. Yes, so since ancient times, none of the emperors who favored the alchemist and took the "Elixir" have lived long!
With lead and sulfuric acid, and designing the shell structure, you can basically manufacture lead-acid batteries!
In his previous life, Li Zexuan dismantled old lead-acid batteries, and he was quite busy to understand its internal structure!
After a quarter of an hour, Li Zexuan drew the drawings and walked out of the laboratory.
"Fu Bo, let someone make such a shell out of hard rubber according to this drawing! I have an urgent need~!"
When he came to Fu Bo's "office", Li Zexuan handed the drawing to Fu Bo and said.
The so-called hard rubber is a rubber with a relatively high sulfur content.
At a temperature that is not too low, the sulfur bond can increase the free range of movement between the chains, so the rubber will not harden. But if you add more sulfur, such as 25%-50%, based on the weight of the rubber, it will make the chain-to-chain bond very tight, causing the rubber to become hard. Such rubber is called hard rubber.
In the modern 21st century, ABS high-strength, high-density plastic is mainly used for the shell of the battery, but when the battery was just emerging, there was no such plastic. At that time, the hard rubber was used!
Today's Datang obviously does not have the conditions to produce ABS plastic, so Li Zexuan had to use hard rubber! For the current workshop, it is not difficult to make a battery case from hard rubber!
This is because he sent people to Southeast Asia to find rubber, otherwise many things cannot be made now!
"...Okay! I will arrange for someone to do it! The shell structure is not complicated, I guess it can be done in just over an hour!"
Fubo took the drawing, glanced roughly, and then packed the ticket.
The various machines in the workshop are readily available, and he is still confident that he can make a shell within an hour.
He didn't ask Li Zexuan about the purpose of making this shell, because he knew that Li Zexuan was going to make new things again. As for what the new things were, he would naturally know when they were made!
This is the tacit understanding he has cultivated with Li Zexuan for so long!
"Okay~! Then there is Lao Fubo~!"
Li Zexuan smiled. UU reading www.uukanshu.com
Fubo smiled, and then took the drawings to the rubber production yard!
Li Zexuan went to the courtyard where the colored glaze was fired, because the partitions in the modest battery were made of glass!
About two hours later, after the battery shell, cathode and anode materials, and separators in the electrolyte were all ready, Li Zexuan began to prepare the electrolyte used by the battery!
This is very particular!
Generally speaking, lead-acid batteries require a concentration of sulfuric acid between 1.27-1.28. If the concentration is too small, it is easy to lose electricity. After a long time of use, lead sulfate crystals will form between the two electrode plates, which cannot be removed in the subsequent recharging process and become a dead corner. When the amount of lead sulfate crystals produced reaches a certain level, the battery does not store electricity. Moreover, if the concentration of sulfuric acid is greater than the standard, lead sulfate crystals are easily formed.
Therefore, the proportion of sulfuric acid and distilled water in the electrolyte must be strictly controlled!
It took Li Zexuan more than half an hour to just mix the electrolyte!
The next job is to assemble these prepared materials and shells. This is not too much trouble. The only thing that needs to be paid attention to is not to bring debris and dust into the electrolyte during the operation!
Fu Bo stood aside and carefully witnessed the entire lead-acid battery production process. In three quarters, the sky was completely dark, and the lights in the laboratory had been turned on by Fu Bo. At this moment, Li Zexuan finally stood. I got up, clapped my hands, breathed a sigh of relief, and said, "Okay! The first lead storage battery in the world is finally ready~!"
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