Vol 2 Chapter 1426: Hydrometallurgy of copper, the electric motor succeeded!

"Shanchang, I still have a question!"
In the laboratory, Mo Lingwei frowned and asked, "Since we need DC power so much, and bulbs can only be lit by DC power, why didn't we use DC generators to generate electricity?"
Hearing Mo Lingwei asking this question, Li Zexuan couldn’t help but secretly praised this girl for being so clever. He thought for a while and said:
Miss Mo, have you ever thought about this question? If the hydropower station is generating direct current, then it How much voltage will attenuate through a mile of wire?
It should be known that the longer the length of the wire of the same thickness, the higher the resistance, and the greater the partial pressure. Assuming that the output voltage of the hydropower station is 200 volts, the voltage is likely to be only one hundred and fifty when it is transmitted to a place one mile away. About volts, the voltage will be lower at farther places!
And the electric lights produced in our workshop have the same calibration voltage. If DC power is used for transmission, the place far away from the hydropower station will not be able to obtain a large enough voltage to light the electric light!
If AC power is used for transmission, this problem will not exist, because we have transformers, and in places far away from the hydropower station, we can use transformers to boost the voltage to increase the voltage to the value we need. The conversion of DC voltage is not as easy as AC power!
In addition, you should also be aware of Miss Mo. The internal structure of an AC generator is simpler than that of a DC generator, and its life span is longer than that of a DC generator. Therefore, considering various considerations, I chose the transmission of AC power. Program! "
In fact, the dispute over communication, even in modern times, does not end with the victory of alternating current. As far as the power system of the 21st century is concerned, high-voltage power transmission is a situation where AC and DC coexist and complement each other. Even with the development of power electronics technology, DC power transmission may once again strongly return to its dominant position, because DC power only needs to be in the transmission process. Consider the loss caused by the line resistance. During the transmission of AC power, impedance, inductance, and capacitive reactance will all cause loss to the transmitted power!
However, as far as the current technical conditions of Datang are concerned, choosing alternating current for transmission is the most feasible and economical solution!
Mo Lingwei suddenly realized that when she heard the words, she nodded and said with a look of admiration: "I didn't expect that there is such a big knowledge in this. When the mountain leader built the hydropower station, he was really farsighted!"
Li Zexuan smiled and did not answer the call. Instead, he looked at Wang Ji and asked: "Mr. Wang, I believe the problem of DC power supply will be solved in a few days, but I don’t know if all kinds of raw materials and equipment are ready for you. ?"
Wang Ji nodded and said, "Shanchang rest assured, the old man has everything ready, only the east wind! The electrolyzer, blister copper, and bile alum are all ready!"
Li Zexuan said in surprise: "Oh? The progress is so fast? Then, Mr. Wang, can you prepare enough alum?"
After all, the amount of copper that the workshop will refine in the future is also a lot, and Li Zexuan must ask in advance.
Wang Ji smiled and said: "Shanchang, you can rest assured that this bile alum is not a rare thing. There is a mine in Lantian County that produces bile alum, which is completely enough to supply our workshop's refined copper!"
Li Zexuan heard this and said in surprise: "What? There is a bile alum mine in Lantian County? Why don't I know?"
Wang Ji said strangely: "This gallbladder mine has always been there! But this thing is only used in medicine, and it is not very valuable. If you don't know it, it is normal for Lord Hou!"
Bile vitriol, that is, copper sulfate crystals, can also be used as medicine. It can stimulate the gastric mucosa and cause the vomiting center to excite and induce vomiting. It is used for wind phlegm congestion, throat numbness, epilepsy, accidental ingestion of poisons, aphthous ulcers, malnutrition, red eyes, sores, pterygium, swollen toxin, etc.
Li Zexuan hurriedly interrupted: "Who said it's worthless? This bile alum can be used to refine blister copper, and it can also be used as an electrolyte to electrolyze and refine copper. With this bile alum mine, it can be greatly improved. Solve our current dilemma of lack of copper!"
"Ball alum refining copper? How can copper be extracted from bile alum? Oh, yes! This is indeed possible. Ge Xianweng mentioned in "Baopuzi Inner Chapter Yellow and White" that iron flakes are soaked in a solution of bile alum to obtain copper. Method, in chemistry, this is called a displacement reaction! Eh! I didn’t expect this~?"
Wang Ji was confused at first, then patted his head, annoyed.
The method of refining copper can be roughly divided into two types: fire copper smelting and wet copper smelting. Among them, pyrometallurgical copper smelting involves contacting malachite with ignited charcoal to be decomposed into copper oxide, and then reduced to metallic copper. The equation is (oh)22u2o2h2o!
This was also the main way to produce copper before the Song Dynasty in China!
Copper hydrometallurgy is also known as the gallbladder method, and its production process mainly includes two aspects. One is copper immersion, which is to put iron in a solution of gallbladder (uso45h2o) (commonly known as bile water), so that the copper ions in the gallbladder are replaced by metal into elemental copper and deposited; the second is collection, which is to collect the replaced copper powder Get up, then smelt and cast.
The Chinese were the first to use natural copper compounds for copper hydrometallurgy. In the Western Han Dynasty, sulfuric acid was first used to react with copper oxide, and then iron was used to replace copper. Liu An's "Huainan Wanbishu" "Zengqing gets iron and turns into copper", "Zengqing" refers to soluble copper salt, that is, copper is formed when copper salt meets iron.
There is also a record in Jin Gehong's "Baopuzi Nei Pian Huang Bai" that "the iron is painted with Zengqing, and the iron is red like copper". During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was further realized that not only copper sulfate, but other soluble copper salts can also undergo substitution reactions with iron.
But these methods were only accidental discoveries by the alchemists during the process of alchemy, and they were not really used in production! It was not until the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties that the principle of water smelting of copper began to be applied to production, and it developed more in the Song Dynasty and became one of the important methods for mass production of copper.
In the early Tang Dynasty, there were very few people who knew about wet copper smelting, let alone used it in actual production!
Seeing Wang Ji's reaction, Li Zexuan nodded and said: "Yes! This bravery copper is made by chemical displacement reaction! I will send someone to find the mine you mentioned, Mr. Wang, as soon as possible. With the reserves of gallbladder, we can then dig a gallbladder tank around the mine, forge the iron into thin slices and place it in the trough, immerse the iron sheet with bile water, and the copper in the gallbladder will adhere to the surface of the iron sheet.
Although it would be more troublesome to forge iron sheets into thin sheets, our workshop now has hydraulic stamping machines, which is not a trouble! In addition, forging iron into thin sheets can increase the surface area of ​​the iron, greatly shorten the replacement time, and increase the yield of copper. I hope that the copper produced in this mine can completely supply the consumption of laying wires in Lantian County! "
A while ago, he was still worrying about where to buy some copper. He didn’t expect that there would be a bile alumite mine in his fief. People in this era obviously have not realized the true purpose of the bile alumite mine, otherwise. This mine has been requisitioned and mined by the court long ago, and it will not wait until now!
When Wang Ji heard the words, he couldn't help but sighed with longing emotion: "If the reserves of bile in this mine are really amazing, we can cover the entire Lantian County~! This kind of magnificent scene, Wang is dreaming. look forward to!"
After leaving Mo Lingwei’s laboratory, Li Zexuan immediately sent Liu Feng and Liu Yun to inspect the bile alum mine. After that, he went to the Bahe River to check the progress of Zhang Hongsheng’s armor manufacturing. Zhang Hongsheng told Li Zexuan. It is guaranteed that the first set of plate armor can be made the day after tomorrow at the latest. After the first set is made, the subsequent production speed will be faster and faster!
"Master, yesterday the old man asked a hydraulic press to forge a batch of iron sheets of the same size and thickness. With these iron sheets, you can make the chain you mentioned before. The old man has arranged a craftsman to assemble the chain. It is expected that tomorrow It can be done! After you have a chain, master, are you planning to build a second-generation chain-driven bicycle?"
Fu Bo was also here at the hydropower station. Seeing Li Zexuan coming to "inspect the work", he quickly walked over and said.
Li Zexuan heard this and was delighted that the backward and awkward front-wheel-drive bicycles of the secret road can finally be eliminated. He smiled and said:
"Build! Build it! The sooner the better! Oh, by the way, Forber, this chain-driven bicycle, even if I don't give you drawings, can you imagine its structure?"
Fuber nodded and said: "You can rest assured, the old man knows that this second-generation bicycle is only different from the first-generation bicycle in transmission mode. Other places are basically the same with little difference, this is not difficult to be old!"
Li Zexuan said excitedly: "Haha! That's good! I'll wait for the good news from Fu Bo! The previous bicycles have created extremely lucrative profits for our workshop. Now we have mastered the technology of chain production, making it more flexible, I believe that more people will like and spend money on the brisk second-generation bicycles! In the near future, the bicycles produced by our Qiquge workshop will be spread all over the great rivers of Datang!"
Last year, because he didn’t have a dam or a hydraulic press machine, he couldn’t build a chain. He could only make the kind of "ancient" bicycles with pedals on the front wheels. This kind of bicycle was laborious to ride and easy to run into trouble. Li Zexuan just It feels fresh at first, and after riding for a few days, he never rides again. He is a modern man. Any bicycle he has ridden is 10,000 times better than that of "ancient" bicycles!
But the "indigenous people" of the Tang Dynasty like Cheng Yaojin didn't know that there were better bicycles in this world. They only knew that the bicycles produced by Qiquge Workshop were faster, more flexible and more convenient than horse-drawn carriages. Ride every day when I go out.
Now that there is a chain, everything is different. Li Zexuan is not only able to produce bicycles with chain-driven rear wheels, but he also wants to build some mountain bikes with disc brakes and shifting functions. He even wants to make electricity.
I believe this improved bicycle can not only replace carriages, but even horses!
The second day.
The first thing Li Zexuan did after breakfast was to go to the hospital. When Dr. Wang saw Li Zexuan, he quickly reported:
"Shan Chang, this time our Datang United Medical Center has recruited 58 doctors with superb medical skills and noble medical ethics. Among them, there are 8 female doctors and 50 male doctors. Some of them are good at bone setting and treatment of bones. Injuries, some are good at treating infant diseases, and even more good at acupuncture and massage. Anyway, we have doctors in the departments that we divided into before!"
Li Zexuan nodded, and said, "It's so good! The medical center must be up and running as soon as possible and fully open to the people of Lantian County. The prices of all medicinal materials and consultation fees must be open and transparent, and the people must not be cheated! In addition, the number of female doctors is still too small compared to male doctors. I have told you before that doctors do not distinguish between men and women. In the eyes of doctors, there should be no gender concept. Don’t just because others are women. Look down on the other's medical skills. Yesterday's Ge Qingyue is a good example! More female doctors will be recruited in the future!"
Li Zexuan heard that in yesterday’s interview and assessment, Ge Qingyue
smiles proud of the crowd
with double perfect scores. I don’t know how many people’s eyes are shocked. Li Zexuan thinks that Ge Qingyue can be used to give women who are interested in medicine Be an example and tell the world that women can also study medicine and practice medicine, and their medical skills will not be worse than men!
Dr. Wang handed his hand: "Shanchang, after yesterday’s interview and assessment, no one dares to despise female doctors anymore. The reason why there are only eight female doctors is because there are too few female doctors coming to apply! But today" "Datang Daily" published a notice that our United Medical Clinic can recruit female doctors~EbookFREE.me~ I believe that in the near future, there will be female doctors with superb medical skills coming to our medical clinic!"
Li Zexuan heard the words and nodded and said: "That's good! If you have any difficulties here in the future, Dr. Wang, just tell the magistrate He, or you can tell me. If you can help, the county government and Benhou will definitely do it. Help!"
"Yes! The mountain is long!"
In the afternoon, Li Zexuan rode to the workshop again.
Because he got the news, Mo Lingwei's electric motor and the second-generation chain bicycle supervised by Fubo are all ready!
"Shanchang, this is an electric motor, as long as it is connected to a battery, the rotor inside can spin at high speed!"
Mo Lingwei pointed at the "tuple" of iron bumps on the ground in the Qiqu Pavilion workshop, and said.
Li Zexuan frowned, and had to admit that the appearance of this motor is a bit ugly. The outer shell should be directly cast. The surface is not polished, quenched, or painted. It's just as ugly as it is. Ugly, I just don’t know if this ugly thing can be used normally!
"Let me see when I connect it!"
Li Zexuan said softly.
"Ok!"
Mo Lingwei responded and quickly greeted Song Xiaosi next to him to move a lead storage battery from Wang Ji.
Since Yan Shaoning hurriedly went home yesterday, he has not come until now. Mo Lingwei has no one to call, so he can only call Song Xiaosi!
After the lead-acid battery was transported, Mo Lingwei placed the motor upside down and let Song Xiaosi stabilize her. Then she went to connect the power supply by herself. When the wires were connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, she made a "Woo~" sound. It spins quickly!
"It's a success! It's a success! We have changed the power mode of this era!"
Li Zexuan looked at the spinning electric motor with emotion on his face.
【.】