Chapter 1501: nonstop

After rounds of negotiations, the former Soviet Union left Uklan with too many good things. After getting the gas turbine, Xu Zhengping and the lame rushed to the next city-the city of Dnipro Peter in Uklan. Rovsk.
Located on the Dnieper River, Dnipropetrovsk is the most important industrial city in Ukr, and the largest steel production area except for the Donetsk region. It is also a famous aerospace science and technology city, railway and shipping hub. And these two people came here, of course, for the design bureau located in the city-the Southern Design Bureau.
Well, this is another "half country".
But this "half of the country" is powerful, because the "half" it refers to is half the country of the former Soviet-Russian intercontinental missile!
The Southern Design Bureau and its joint production unit, Southern Machinery Manufacturing Plant, designed and manufactured the famous intercontinental ballistic missile Р-36MУТТХ. NATO gave it the number SS-18. They were so afraid and hated it that they gave it. The nickname is frightening-"Satan".
The SS-18 "Satan" intercontinental ballistic missile is the largest and most powerful active missile on the Blue Star. Its take-off weight has reached an astonishing 210 tons, and it can carry one 20 million tons equivalent or 10 75 A nuclear warhead with a 10,000-ton equivalent can attack targets within a range of 16,000 kilometers, covering almost the entire range of human activities on the blue star, and it can also guarantee an accuracy of 350 meters!
Think about it, the two nuclear bombs that the country suffered in those days were only single-digit 10,000-ton equivalents.
I rely on these two people to come here to play a few intercontinental ballistic missiles? !
Ahem, this, this, um, who said that the scope of intercontinental ballistic missile business only includes express nuclear bombs? Can it also be good? After good, it is a heavy launch vehicle!
Southern Design Bureau, that is the main production and development unit of the famous former Soviet Russia launch vehicle, the former Soviet Russia’s famous "Cosmos" series of light launch vehicles and "Zenith" series of medium-sized launch vehicles are all developed and produced by it. At the same time, The Southern Design Bureau is also the development unit of the RD-8 rocket engine.
The RD-8 liquid oxygen kerosene engine has a vacuum thrust of 78.48 kN, a vacuum specific impulse of 342.6 seconds, a combustion chamber pressure of 7.84 MPa, an expansion ratio of 1600, a nozzle area ratio of 104, and a mixing ratio of 2.4.
According to these parameters, compared with the RD-120 engine with a thrust of 84.7 tons developed by the Rakshasa Power Machinery Manufacturing Research and Production Consortium, it is still slightly insufficient, but it is a liquid oxygen kerosene engine after all. China is still blank in the field.
Briefly introduce the main technical schools of rocket engines in the current world: according to the physical form of propellants, they are divided into two types: liquid and solid. Among them, solid fuel "rockets" actually belong to the "missile" family. Compared with liquid rockets, the cost is higher and the specific impact is 40% lower than that of liquid rockets. Therefore, in the field of space launch, liquid fuel rockets are still the mainstream.
The specific impulse is defined as: the impulse (change in momentum) that a unit mass of propellant can bring, in meters/second (m/s) or N·s/kg (N·s/kg), which is customary in engineering Use seconds (s) to describe briefly. The higher the specific impulse, the better the efficiency, that is, more momentum can be generated with the same quality of fuel.
In the liquid fuel, it is divided into several kinds. The first-generation rockets are all "poisonous arrows". Generally, the highly toxic chemical substance unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine plus an oxidant (such as nitric oxide such as nitrogen tetroxide) is used. Its identification feature is that when it is ignited, it will produce a yellow smoke due to insufficient instantaneous combustion, such as China's "Long March 2" series rockets.
Since everyone does not want to be "poisoned" all the time, a new generation of liquid fuels has been gradually developed. There are two options: liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and liquid oxygen kerosene.
The liquid hydrogen liquid oxygen rocket engine has the highest specific impulse, and students who have learned basic chemistry can easily see that the fuel emitted after combustion is mainly water, so it is also a fairly environmentally friendly fuel. However, the liquid hydrogen It is more expensive to prepare and store, which is significantly more expensive compared to another liquid oxygen kerosene solution.
Oxygen is originally present in large quantities in the air. It is simple and cheap to prepare. Kerosene is a refined product of petroleum. Therefore, this solution is the cheapest of all liquid rocket propellants, and the storage and transportation of these two substances Relatively simple, it can even be said that it is almost everywhere in the industrial field. After combustion, carbon dioxide and water are produced, which is also quite environmentally friendly. Therefore, it has become the fuel of choice for expensive aerospace applications. The former Soviet Union spent the deepest time on this propellant solution and burned the most money. Therefore, the technology is also the most advanced. Its representative work is the famous RD-170 engine.
The RD-170 engine was developed and produced by the famous "Power Machinery Research and Production Consortium" of the former Soviet Union and now belonging to Raksha. Its single thrust reached an astonishing 806 tons and a specific impulse of 337.2 seconds. There is no one that can manufacture the most powerful rocket engine!
This type of engine is known as the "power czar" among the rocket engines. Many countries, including the Americans, have purchased this type of engine or its derivatives from Rakshasa as the power for their own heavy rockets, and they have been commercially successful.
In another time and space, Huaxia had negotiated with Raksha several times to purchase this type of engine technology, but even if Da Mao was too poor to be a pants, this technology also gritted his teeth and did not let go. In the end, it was only in the beginning of the 21st century. At a high price, another RD-120 liquid oxygen kerosene engine technology of the consortium was transferred. The thrust of the engine is 80 tons, which is only one-tenth of the RD-170. However, China has overcome on this basis. After a series of technical difficulties, a liquid oxygen kerosene engine YF-100 with a thrust of 120 tons was developed. The rocket equipped with this engine is the "Long March 5" that students are very familiar with, because it is fat and fat. , And the slender figure of Huaxia Rockets in the past is very different, and Huaxia netizens have given it an intimate nickname "Fat Five".
The reason why the former Soviet Russia's liquid oxygen kerosene engine technology is leading the world, later even Americans have to pinch their noses to buy Rakshasa rocket engines to use, closely related to a unique skill that they have mastered-high-pressure supplemental combustion technology.
The high-pressure supplemental combustion technology, also known as the staged combustion cycle technology, is a technology that uses the gas of the rich combustion pre-chamber or oxygen-rich pre-chamber to drive the turbine, and then introduces the turbine exhaust gas into the main combustion chamber for full combustion, which can significantly reduce The structural size of the engine improves the power density and reduces the specific impulse loss.
It can be said that only by mastering this technology can we truly master the core technology of the liquid oxygen kerosene engine.
RD-170, Rakshasa will definitely still hold it in his hand, RD-120, the Chinese government of its own will negotiate with Da Mao, but RD-8 has been targeted by someone and intends to hold it down. Included politely.
Although the thrust of the RD-8 is smaller, there are a lot of things on it, including high-pressure afterburning.
And someone still clearly remembers that he once had a question half-joking and half-seriously discussing a question with the Pan family boss-Ritian!