Chapter 247: Lesson 1 (Thu / Thu) from Princeton

The report began, but there was a small accident at the scene.
Because Professor Enoch, the protagonist of this briefing, seems to be absent.
The atmosphere was very embarrassing.
To be honest, Lu Zhou was also a bit stunned by the accident. He originally talked to Professor Enoch in person, but what happened?
With his sweaty head, Laart came to the stage to explain: "Professor Enoch did not arrive in time because of some personal matters, and I am in communication with him ..."
"Although notarization is a serious topic, our time is precious," said a man with dark skin and low status, sitting in the front row of the venue, with a voice of dissatisfaction, "I Now even doubt whether Professor Enoch really takes this issue seriously? "
To be honest, black brothers in North America do not really like their fellow Africans.
But for their own interests, they must also take a serious attitude.
Laart was sweating in the forehead, but in his heart he cursed Enoch's uncontested guy more than ten times.
It ’s time to start speaking. I had to run out for a hamburger, but the guy took ten dollars and ate for almost two hours before he came back.
He swears that this is the last time he has dealt with native Nigerians, and this group of people does not talk about contractual spirit at all.
Just then, an unexpected voice came from the side.
"Professor Enoch has something to do, so in order not to delay everyone's time, let me come first."
The main reason is that Lu Zhou didn't want to waste time to wait any longer, so let's quickly end this farce.
Ralter froze.
He didn't expect that it was this guy who made the siege for himself.
but……
Is this guy really going to make a siege for himself?
When he thought so, he had no time to stop.
Because Lu Zhou has already reached the podium, and the people under the stage obviously agree with this proposal.
Larte stepped aside with interest, because he knew that if he stood up at this time, he would fall behind.
Standing on the podium, Lu Zhou did not think too much about other issues.
For him, this kind of thing has long been familiar with the report.
I just didn't expect that his first class in Princeton was not in the math department building, but in the Princeton hotel next door.
Thinking of this, Lu Zhou smiled and shook his head.
In addition, power should be practiced.
Responding to the pair of sights in the audience, he cleared his throat and said slowly.
"From your eyes, I see distrust."
Although no one spoke, there were many people looking at their watches or looking around ...
But this is normal, and Lu Zhou had already expected it to be like this.
After a pause, he turned up the volume slightly and continued.
"Because standing in front of you is an elite with a Princeton label, and you are the one who distrusts the elite the most. Whether it is their character or education, what you are more eager to hear are those ignored voices. Bet, in a few months, probably most of you will vote for a fat man called Trang Spectrum, because he is the only intelligent person who tries to stand in your perspective and make your voice ... Of course, this is not what I want to say today. "
"Before the speech, please remember my nationality, I am a Chinese scholar."
"Since you are so politically correct, I would like to ask, did you ignore my voice because of the one-sidedness of a white reporter when you listened to the words of the Washington Times?"
Lu Zhou's voice was not loud, but he thundered.
The people sitting under the stage were all stunned and speechless.
like……
it's true?
At this point, no one looked at the watch anymore, but looked subconsciously at the podium.
Many people who did not intend to listen to the report were also pulled back to the scene.
Lu Zhou's mouth evoked a slight smile.
His purpose has been achieved.
With a somber expression on his face, Lart kept calling, but the phone was always busy.
"What is this doing?"
Scolding, he shoved the phone back into his pocket and glanced at the stage.
Although he wanted to get 10,000 people off the stage, he couldn't do it.
After all, it was him who invited him to stand here.
And now he came.
Looking at the audience, Lu Zhou continued.
"Today I probably won't use any esoteric mathematical symbols, nor will I talk about something that is too difficult to understand ... Of course, maybe one or two will appear, please don't go out. After all, some things can be used in popular language Described, but some are temporarily unattainable at my level. "
He has no Hawking level and cannot explain complex propositions in popular language.
But he can talk a little about common sense.
Confirm that each pair of eyes under the stage is looking at himself, Lu Zhou turned on the blackboard behind him, and wrote two lines of formulas.
[If Riemann's conjecture is not used, then π (x) = Li (x) + O (xe ^ {-1 / 15√lnx})]
[If the Riemann conjecture holds, then π (x) = Li (x) + O (√xlnx)]
Looking back, Lu Zhou smiled at the audience.
"Mathematics is a magical thing, and Riemann's conjecture is also a great thing. Although you may not know what I wrote, I can tell you explicitly that the first line of formula is the basis of number theory, which is the so-called prime number theorem The second line is a more accurate formula for the distribution of prime numbers obtained by H.von Koch based on the Riemann conjecture in 1901. Although this formula may not be written on the textbook, it has already been Used for a century. "
"If similar examples let me write a book, I can write more than ten, because there are too many."
"As for writing these two formulas, I just want to popularize some common sense."
"That is, for a conjecture with a high probability, the common practice in mathematics is to use it first. How to use it? At the beginning of the thesis, suppose that the Riemann conjecture is true, and then start Barabara ..."
"As for why I suddenly said this, it was mainly to answer Professor Enoch's dissertation. He put forward a rather 'novel' and interesting point in the dissertation, which was constructed around the ζ function under the conditions of the Riemann conjecture. Under the prime distribution system, the Goldbach conjecture holds, or is it a true proposition? "
Having said that, Lu Zhou paused for a moment and continued with a smile.
"The reason why his point is very" novel "is that as of 2016, we haven't considered this situation for a century. In fact, Hardy and Littlewood proved in the 1920s. Under the conditions of the Riemann conjecture, the weak Goldbach conjecture is established. "
"But be careful! I am talking about the generalized Riemann conjecture, commonly known as GRH, and the Riemann conjecture abbreviated as RH, which are two completely different things."
The people on the stage looked at each other and obviously did not understand the meaning.
In that case, does not it mean that the generalized Riemann conjecture can prove the weak Goldbach conjecture?
Then divergent thinking, deleting each word, Riemann's conjecture can prove Goldbach's conjecture ... In fact, this is not the case.
As for why, in general terms, this is probably similar to using Newton's motion theorem to calculate the mass of an object at the speed of light. People who know a little bit know how funny this is.
Having said that, Lu Zhou smiled.
"To tell the difference between GRH and RH, it ’s easy to get confused if you look at Wikipedia, and it really stumps many civilian subjects, so you have to return to textbooks or dissertations. Generally speaking, GRH is the object of discussion. The Riemann zeta function has become a more general Dirichlet L function. "
"There is nothing to say about conceptual issues. If you want to say 'system', there is only Dirichlet's L function. You can barely go with the weak Goldbach conjecture. You can even prove Goldbach conjecture from a probabilistic perspective ... but The former, maybe you do n’t understand the point of laughter, it is indeed something that eight poles can't reach, anyone who knows about number theory will know. "
"Even if it is just an understanding of the history of log theory."
After a pause, Lu Zhou slowed his tone a bit and continued slowly.
"It is interesting to note that the 1920s were the closest Goldberg conjecture was to GRH, but the only one. Because less than 20 years, or exactly 1937, Vinogradov and Esther Man improved the circle method and proved that the weak Goldbach conjecture was established without the aid of the generalized Riemann conjecture. "
Then in 2012, Tao Zhexuan, who knows everything, proved that "odd numbers can be expressed as the sum of up to five prime numbers."
Only one year later, Helfgott completely solved the "weak Goldbach conjecture" and reduced this sufficiently to a number that could be calculated.
And this is the result obtained completely from GRH, let alone RH.
In fact, it is not difficult to study the "history of number theory". In many cases, the birth of a theorem was first established by mathematician A based on GRH or RH, and a beautiful conclusion 1 was reached, which attracted everyone's interest.
Then mathematician B came out and tried to prove conclusion 1, which could be established without the help of GRH. If it can't be proved, mathematician C will consider to prove a conclusion that is weaker than the conclusion 1. Without the assumption that RH holds, it will stand alone.
When conclusions 1, 2, 3 ... n came out, everyone took a look, eh? Invented tools and established theories have proven RH, so more people have challenged this proposition, and the Cray Institute will probably change the reward of RH to GRH.
Yes, abstract history is full of routines.
But it is also in this cycle that civilization advances.
Will someone drive the car upside down and reconnect with something that has already been cleared from GRH?
emmm ...
Although it is interesting to repeat the work of previous generations, does it make sense to do so? If a student did this, he would probably be looked at by the professor with praise, which is worth encouraging. But if a professor or scholar does this, he or she will probably be looked at with care by his peers.
"The Riemann conjecture is very important. Maybe the Cray Institute will give Dr. Enoch a response he expects, but this has nothing to do with me. I only elaborated the Riemann conjecture and Goth in simple language. Bach conjectures the relationship. "
Lu Zhou smiled and continued: "If this is not popular enough, I can say more popular."
"The prime numbers in the Riemann zeta function are used for multiplication, and the prime numbers in Goldbach's conjecture are used for addition!"
This statement is not accurate enough, but it must be enough image.
The audience in the audience smiled.
In this way, I really understand a lot.
Having said that, Lu Zhou paused for a moment and continued with a smile: "As for why the Goldbach conjecture is not as important as the Riemann conjecture, for most people, prime numbers are used for multiplication! At the same time, these two This proposition is not equivalent, even not in a 'system' at all. This is not my word. Even if you do not understand the difference between RH and GRH, you should also know that Vinogradov did what he did when he proved the three prime number theorem. Something. "
"And this is the dry goods you want."
The audience was silent.
Looking at the persuasive eyes, Lu Zhou knew that it was almost ready to end, and he made a summary of his report with the voice of martyrdom.
"Some conceptual things cannot be bypassed by a single system. The whole mathematics is shrouded in the" system "of Piano's axiom, but not all problems are as obvious as Piano's axiom. Especially when If you really understand it, you will find that it is obviously '1 + 1', but '1 + 1' and '1 + 1 = 2' are actually saying completely different things. Obviously they are both 'prime numbers', and they even involve To "distribution", but the two could not beat each other. "
"As far as I am concerned, there is absolutely nothing great. I just stood on the shoulders of countless giants before I saw the current scenery. It is needless to mention Mr. Chen's contribution to the Da Sifa method. Professor Tao ’s discussions have also benefited me a lot ~ EbookFREE.me ~ Hlfgot's thesis opened the door to a new world for me. They are all heroes of history, although only the history may remember A name. But their work can not be summarized in just 3 hours, so I also thank them sincerely. "
"Although it took only two months to complete this dissertation, the specific work started long, long ago."
Although it is not a profound thing, he tried to explain everything he knew in plain language as much as possible.
Although, these words Mr. Larter probably did not like to hear.
Lu Zhou did not guess wrong.
He had even noticed that Ralt, who was standing beside the podium, was furious, his clenched fists turned blue, his expression furious.
But that doesn't change anything.
The national conditions of the United States are different from those of China. The root of the populist problem is that the lofty White House and Wall Street never say something that is too difficult for ordinary people in a voice they can understand.
As for solving this problem, it is actually very simple.
Just talk.
If the formula he wrote on the whiteboard exceeds three lines today, tomorrow's New York Times and other more influential media will definitely be another style of painting.
But now he feels he has convinced at least some people.
Sometimes Lu Zhou found that he was not completely ignorant of politics. What experimentalism and scientific thinking taught him, let alone people's hearts, even the judgment logic that was not explained by the system, he was able to pull away the cocoon.
Perhaps after he reaches the tenth level, there will be no secret in front of him.
He believes that he will see that day.
Lu Zhou sighed in his heart and lowered the chalk gently.
The moment when he put down the chalk.
There was already applause ...