Vol 2 Chapter 354: : What is "quantum hegemony"?

Quantum-Supremacy, translated as "quantum hegemony."
The concept of quantum hegemony has actually been around for a long time, but it became popular after being promoted by an American theoretical physicist named John Preskill.
John Preskill first predicted that a computer with more than 50 qubits could surpass all classic digital computers when dealing with certain problems, and by that time it could be called the era of quantum hegemony.
However, John Preskill saw the rapid progress of the quantum computer today. He felt that his words were a bit too full, so he changed the expression at the next level, that is, humans can use it in the near future. Noisy Medium Quantum (NISQ) technology.
If John Preskill came to Yehua's Technology Villa Manor and saw this quantum computer that had already met Divincenzo's five standards, he would probably write an error-correcting article in the future. The era of exalting "quantum hegemony" has come.
The emergence of quantum computers will not bring earth-shaking changes to the world in an instant, but its role in the development of high-tech cutting-edge technology is inestimable.
Ye Hua has identified ten application scenarios for quantum computers.
[Digital quantum simulation and analog quantum simulation] If Ye Hua is to simulate the human gene array map, the application of quantum simulation must be involved, which is indispensable.
The other nine application scenarios are quantum optimizer, quantum hardware test platform, quantum annealing, noise-resistant quantum circuit, quantum deep learning, quantum matrix inversion, quantum recommendation system, quantum semi-definite programming, and quantum acceleration.
After watching for a long time, Beichuan Xunzi couldn't help but be curious: "Quantum computers have been very hot in recent years. It seems that an American scientist said that a quantum computer with 50 to 100 qubits may be capable of performing beyond the capabilities of current classic digital computers. Mission, I read the news that Google has achieved 72 qubits, how can you be 64-bit ... "
"Clam? I mean you look down? I dare ... I think you are owed!" Ye Hua looked at her suddenly dissatisfied.
"Yes, people have long wanted to eat all day long." Beichuan sister-in-law looked at her with a smile, smiling and charming, full of provocation.
Seeing her like this, the hook was too straight, and Ye Hua didn't deserve her properly, and he looked back and said, "What do those people in the media understand? Then you believe it. Google has achieved 72 qubits. Has quantum hegemony come? Don't seem to hear Google say that a large prime factorization has been performed? "
Beichuan Xunzi countered: "How did you know? Maybe Google has done it internally? It's just for business confidentiality, just like you."
Ye Hua calmly smiled: "Google is a listed company. If there is such a big breakthrough, it will definitely announce the latest research results as soon as possible to boost market value."
Seeing Beichuan's speechless but pouting is justified and insincere, Ye Huaben wanted to persuade her, but it seemed unnecessary to think about it.
She is not a professional in this field, and the science of quantum mechanics itself is very mysterious. It can talk to an insider for any one of the branches of quantum science for three days and nights, let alone a layman?
After Ye Hua confirmed that all the data and equipment were operating normally, he swept off all the holographic floating screens in front of him and turned around and said to her, "Go and bring me the emergency medical box."
Kitagawa Ayako didn't know what he wanted for the first aid kit, but also went out to get it.
Looking at the direction she disappeared, Ye Hua retracted her gaze and continued working.
For a woman, she may not be convinced, but she can take it daily.
As the so-called rivers rise and fall, the protracted days are like the rising sun.
Speaking of the news of Google's 72 qubits, most of them are semi-understanding media or hype or misleading results, which can only deceive people who do n’t know the truth, Preskill The 50 to 100 qubits mentioned refer to qubits that can perform parallel operations at the same time, that is, quantum logic bits.
This involves a "quantum coding" problem. Because all calculations using qubits are based on probability, there is an error, so more qubits need to be sacrificed to correct errors.
The so-called "quantum coding" is also called "quantum error correction code", and Google's so-called 72 qubits are only at the physical level. You can put more of each qubit there, but if you cannot perform logical operations, It's useless.
At the logical bit level, the 72 Qubits made by Google are equivalent to 9 logical bits, because every 8 of them need to be a group to correct errors. In fact, each group has only 1 logical bit.
Even this accuracy cannot reach 100%, because as long as the "quantum error correction code" is used, it means that the quantum computer developed by Google has not solved the fourth standard of the Vincenzo standard, that is, there must be a way to solve the decoherence effectively.
The quantum computer that Ye Hua now builds has already met Di Vincenzo's five major standards. It is a quantum computer in the true sense. The 64 bits refer to qubits that can perform parallel operations at the same time, which corresponds to Google ’s Nine qubits, while Google's 72 qubits, Ye Hua's quantum computer is 128 qubits.
The number of Qubits announced by IMB is also large, but the actual logical Qubits are only about six.
Google uses eight groups to correct errors, and the accuracy is about 70 ~ 80%, which is the fidelity of the logic gate. He must do this. In fact, the more error correction groups, the closer the correct answer is. However, it can never be guaranteed to be 100% accurate. This is a flaw. At present, quantum computer research institutions around the world, except for Ye Hua, have resolved the flaw of decoherence. No one can solve it.
As for what this quantum computer developed by Ye Hua uses to make qubits, of course, it uses a certain two-state system of the quantum, that is, two Qubits with two degrees of freedom of a photon.
64 qubits are 64 photons, or 128 Qubits, and they are entangled with each other. The term is called GHZ state, which is a special kind of quantum entanglement.
Wanting to use the multi-quantum GHZ state is actually a very difficult period. The 64 photons used by Ye Hua used the two degrees of freedom of the photon momentum and orbital angular momentum to complete the preparation of 128 Qubit GHZ states and Characterization.
In fact, many physicists in Europe and the United States believe that the way of using linear optics as a quantum computer is inaccessible, that is, directly using photon polarization, angular momentum, orbital angular momentum to make qubits.
However, Professor Pan Jianwei's team took the lead in realizing the preparation and characterization of the GHZ state with three degrees of freedom of photon polarization, momentum, and orbital angular momentum.
Ye Hua directly completed the preparation and characterization of the two-degree-of-freedom GHZ state ~ EbookFREE.me ~ As to why it is difficult, it is difficult to get through, because it is too difficult to integrate, and a lot of equipment is needed to make an experiment. Coherence and lifetime of photons.
In fact, it is true.
In the underground library of the villa, the physique of this quantum computer developed by Ye Hua is extremely large, which consumes a lot of equipment and resources, in order to ensure the coherence and lifetime of the light quantum.
Photons are very fragile, and a single photon can be absorbed wherever it encounters, so it is almost impossible to make thousands of Qubits and achieve integration and miniaturization with existing technology and materials.
Failure to integrate means that it cannot be used for civilian purposes.
Ye Hua actually has a way to protect the coherence and longevity of photons, which is solved by "field", but he has not done so now, which will cost him more time and energy to make breakthroughs in new technologies, new Preparation of materials and so on.
He did not forget what he was doing in the first place, only to controllable mutation in order to simulate his own gene array and obtain a complete gene map.
There is a quantum computer available now, and that's it. I'll talk about things later.
Europeans and Americans think that it is not possible, but Professor Pan Jianwei has taken a different approach. There are more photons and it is difficult to integrate them.
This is not what Ye Hua wants to do most, he just goes one step further.
This method is indeed feasible, which is a bit more expensive, but for Ye Hua, as long as it is 50 ~ 100, it can be calculated and a quantum computer is enough.
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