Vol 2 Chapter 203: Pig iron wrought iron and fried steel

Kong Jing took the arrow from Liu Yu's hand and continued to say while putting it in his arms: "If the arrow does not break the armor and the armor does not protect the spear, the craftsman shall be punished according to the Qin law. Heavy penalties, deprivation of the Duke and the fields, and heavy executions are directly executed. Therefore, the Qin army is not only a warrior, but also a sharp soldier, it relies on this method. "
Speaking of which, Kong Jing smiled slightly: "Liu Yu, would you like to join me in building the best weapon armor in the world?"
Liu Yuchang breathed a sigh of relief and nodded vigorously: "Ask for nothing!"
But when it comes to this, Liu Yu still frowned: "But you just did that because you miscut the water and just chop your fingers. Isn't it a bit excessive? I know that this water is used for quenching, but what water Not water, is there any difference? "
Kong Jing shook his head: "Liu Yu, that's what you don't know. Most of the ironwork is made by this quenching, whether it is good steel or rotten iron, it can be said that it is largely between this quenching Thing. "
Liu Yuqi said: "Is it so important? What is the big difference between steel and iron?"
Kong Jing smiled slightly and pointed to his arms: "Like this arrow, in the Qin Dynasty, the bronze arrow was used. The bronze is very soft. Even if a lot of things are added, it becomes hard and cooked bronze. It can only barely shoot through leather armor, so although the armor of the Qin army was sharp, but after encountering iron weapons, it still suffered a lot of losses. This is also the transition from this bronze weapon to the late Qin to early Han. The reason for iron. "
Liu Yu nodded: "Yeah, it is said that the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties used bronze in these eras. Anyway, I can't see it now. Even my farm tools are made of iron. However, I have never known this iron. How did it come out, and I do n’t understand how iron and steel are different. "
Kong Jingzheng said: "Iron is made of iron ore and charcoal, sealed in those high-heat furnaces. When the iron ore encounters a very hot flame, it will melt into iron juice, and then solidify, these Some impurities in the iron juice will be eliminated, and it will become an iron nugget. This massive ironmaking method has gradually emerged from the middle and late stages of the Warring States period to the early Han Dynasty. "
Liu Yu nodded: "I heard the blacksmith in the village say that this kind of iron is called pig iron, which is very hard and can be used to cast things, but it is also very brittle, and it will break when it encounters a slightly stronger external force, and , Can't repeat the forging, right? "
Kong Jing smiled slightly: "This is exactly the case. This kind of pig iron has good hardness, but it can only be cast, not forged, and is not practical. The reason for this is that there is a lot of debris in the iron juice. Only if these pig irons are continuously melted and cast, and then remelted. After repeated many times, the impurities in them are almost discharged, and this will become wrought iron. "
Liu Yu said with a smile: "This wrought iron is even more difficult to use. It is extremely soft and crooked when touched. I won't use these wrought iron even on my farm tools."
Speaking of which, he tickled the corner of his mouth: "It is strange to say, shouldn't this iron be smelted harder and stronger, how can pig iron become cooked iron, but softer?"
Kong Jing smiled: "This reason, our predecessors groped for hundreds of years to realize. Some of the impurities that are discharged can increase the hardness of iron. The most important thing is charcoal powder!"
Liu Yu surprised: "Charcoal powder? Isn't that the ash left after the wood is burned to charcoal? Does this make the iron hard?"
Kong Jing nodded: "Yes, it sounds so unbelievable, but this is the fact. So the key to changing from iron to steel is the addition of this charcoal powder. Our steelmaking is to melt with wrought iron and add iron Fine and charcoal powder can be calcined after solidifying again. "
"This forging is to make a whole block of fiery red steel, striking it hard with a hammer while it is hot, so that the steel will be shaped into the shapes we want. After the shape is almost completed, the whole red steel block is quickly immersed in the water. If the quality of the water is what we need, it can be cooled quickly and become a variety of steel. "
Speaking of which, he pointed to the iron helmet he was wearing, and said, "Like this helmet, it is used in this way to form a helmet to protect your head."
Liu Yu thoughtfully said: "No wonder I watched the blacksmiths make iron. They all put a hot red iron block into the water. So, the texture of the water determines the hardness of the steel?"
Kong Jing sighed: "That's the case, the water is too cold, and the temperature drops too quickly. Sometimes there will be cracks in the steel. If the water is too hot to reduce the temperature, the steel will not cool quickly, it will deform, and the hardness is not enough. So, what kind of armor should be built, what kind of water must be used. Otherwise, the soldiers will wear a brittle or cracked armor on the battlefield ~ EbookFREE.me ~ What will be the result? "
Liu Yu sighed: "That's because the armor can't defend the arrow, and the spear can't penetrate the armor. This is indeed a very serious matter."
Kong Jing nodded in satisfaction: "In fact, I can close my eyes and close my eyes, but it's not that I went to the battlefield to fight and do my fart, but the real damage is the soldiers like Liu Yu. If you wear poor quality Armor, which resulted in death, took the weapon that was cut off with a touch, and could not kill the enemy. Will you still maintain that person like this? "
Liu Yu hooked the corner of his mouth: "But it was just one time when he took the water and stole it, he just chopped a finger. Is this a bit too much? Even if you beat him hard, you will deal with it next time. Is better than this. "
Kong Jing shook his head: "Liu Yu, I was a little disappointed when I saw you today. You are also an officer. You should know that if you are not a soldier, this is not an ordinary combat force. It is a bunch of picking up the leftovers. If there is no promising waste, if they had signed a three-year contract for sale, they would have wanted to go home. If you do n’t use this extraordinary method, everyone will steal and play, and this time I will not punish it hard. This leader, this situation will only increase in the future. It is still the same sentence. At that time, the bad luck will be the soldiers! "
Liu Yu sighed: "Couldn't we think of other ways to give them the same opportunities as ordinary soldiers?"
Kong Jing said with a smile: "It depends on your ability. If you can build good armor and ordnance to satisfy Xuanshuai, you can become the first person to go out from here, Liu Yu, I believe You have this skill, but it depends on how much effort you are willing to spend here! "
Liu Yu's eyes flashed coldly: "I will definitely fight for the best soldiers and the best weapons and armor!"
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