Chapter 91: : The Glory of Translation

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Roche's swallowing of needles convinced Chang'an monks to finally overcome the crisis of trust. The two monks were released under Roche's pleading, and swear to Rosh in shame: they will devote themselves to the Buddha in the future, and they dare not blaspheme.
In mid-April, we are going back to Caotang Temple. Before I left, I went to Murongchao's house to say goodbye, but found that the already dilapidated thatched hut was demolished in all directions. Pinting and Jing'er cried in front of the collapsed thatched hut. Murong Chao was covered in blood and stared at his eyes. Looking angrily at the pile of tatters in front of him, clenching his fists, it seemed to wring out the water.
I was shocked and asked why. It turned out to be Helianbo, and after waking up, he sent people to look around and finally found Murong Chao. He would blame Murongchao for a day and night, and took a few family members to beat Murongchao in pain. He also demolished his home and smashed everything.
I looked at Murongchao, whose face was swollen, and felt distressed for a while. Like my own child, he was reluctant to be bullied. Moreover, he and Helianbo Liang's Liangzi came up because of me, and then let their family stay in Chang'an. I wonder if Helianbo, who is particularly heavy on revenge, will use other shameless means.
Therefore, when we returned to Caotang Temple, in addition to the newly-disciplined disciples of Roche, the three women who followed us also added Murongchao's family. Only under our protection, Helianbo dare not move them. So many people marched towards Xiaoyaoyuan in a majestic manner. It took a whole day to arrive at Caotang Temple at night.
After returning to his home next to Caotang Temple, Roche went to the temple every day to organize Bible translations and was so busy. Most of the Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures that Roche came with came to the Central Plains, and most of the Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures in this era did not have handwriting. Usually the master recites it, explains it to the disciple, and then relies on the disciple's memory. Roche's memory is extraordinary, but he can't memorize all the scriptures. Fortunately, there is also the help of Lord Buddha.
Roche in the candlelight wears reading glasses and sits by the side of several cases. A Sanskrit scripture book stand in front of him, he repeatedly chanted, recorded the translated text on another blank book, and revised it from time to time. After he came back every night, he was still busy. I took care of him as much as I could, and I took care of all the affairs of the family so that he could concentrate on the translation.
For half a month, he has been translating the "Vajra Sutra". I have read this scripture, and know that this short 5,000-character scripture is actually very difficult to understand, so he has a hard time translating. But I dare not help him. Not only is it because I can't recite the esoteric "Vajra Sutra", and I know that he won't be happy to tell him the scriptures of future generations directly. In this way, what is the significance of his hard translation?
Therefore, when he frowned and pondered, when he repeatedly revised, I didn't interpose, just silently served water beside the tea, quietly accompanied him.
Half a month later, he put a stack of manuscripts into my hands, his eyes full of smiles: "Ai Qing, this is finally translated. This is a gift from Roche to his wife, so you are the first to read This man."
I took it, and the manuscript with ink and fragrance left him warm. Open the first manuscript with a smile and read it carefully. I looked at them one by one, but my brows were getting tighter. He asked, "How?"
I looked up at him with a solemn expression: "Rosh, this is not the "Vajra Sutra" I have read in later generations."
He was stunned: "Why not?"
I thought about how to say it right: "Well, some places are the same, but some are different. It feels to me that it is more esoteric and more mouthful."
Hesitate and say honestly: "Rosh, to be honest, the manuscript you gave me now, I can't understand it."
He froze, disappointed in his face. I hurried to comfort him: "Well, this, the "Vajra Sutra" is hard to understand. I am not a Buddhist, and naturally it is difficult to understand."
He pondered for a while, and said seriously: "The King Kong Sutra explains nothing. It is unspeakable. It is the most difficult to express in words. It is precisely because of the profound sense of the classics. When Roche translated into Chinese, After exhausting his brain, Xiyi translated the scriptures faithfully, without losing its meaning."
Translated faithfully? So, the reason why I can't understand it is because this manuscript is too faithful to the original one? However, I know that literal translation is not his style. His translation always emphasizes free translation more than literal translation.
"Rosh, who do you want to show this scripture to?" I returned the manuscript to him, "Is it a high-level monk with a systematic Buddhism education, a highly educated literati, or a new literati at home?" , Or even ordinary people who don’t know a big character?"
He shook all over, looked down at the manuscript paper in his hand, turned over quickly one by one, and then suddenly looked up and laughed: "Rosh understood." Grabbed my hand and said anxiously, "Ai Qing, Your wisdom is hard to find in this era. If you can’t understand it, how many non-Buddhist disciples can understand it?"
Putting the manuscript on several cases, he walked up indoors and paced. The candlelight swayed, reflecting his pensive figure. "Rosh translates the scriptures, who to show?"
He paced to the window and looked back at the vigorous pine tree outside the window with his hands on his back. Relying only on relatives and relatives who are capable of literacy, it is necessary to target more people. However, there are not many people who can read literacy. How can they understand Buddhism?
He stared at his thoughts and continued: "Ai Qing, you said today, let Rosh Gai initiate. There are still many things to consider before translating the scriptures. The vast amount of Buddhist scriptures is like a sea of ​​smoke, and there are not enough volumes to cover. What scriptures to translate? When translating scriptures, do you emphasize the text or the original?"
He raised his head and kept thinking. I walked to him quietly, intertwined with his fingers, leaning on his shoulder. After a while, he looked down at me with a smile on his face and clear eyes: "Okay, Roche decided: The scriptures will be dominated by Mahayana Kongzong. Although Roche is good for both size and prosperity, he is very good at Mahayana. Mahayana is more suitable for the Han dynasty. The works of the Kongzong ancestors Longshu and Tipo have not yet been translated by the Central Plains. "Zhonglun", "Twelve Gates" and "Hundred Theory" are the essence of Kongzong's doctrine. Roche wants to translate them one by one in the future."
I nodded. The Buddhist materials I have read said that in the second and third centuries AD, the two brothers of Longshu and Tiposhi in India wrote "Zhonglun", "Twelve Gates" and "Theories" based on the thought of "Pan Ruo". "Hundred Theory", commonly known as "Three Theory", created the first Mahayana sect in the history of Buddhism-Kongzong. Before Roche, someone had translated "Pan Ruo". However, no one translated the works of Longshu and Tipo. Only Roche translated all the important works of Dragon Tree and Tipo. The "Three Theories" translated by Roche are the sutras of the Three Theories of later generations.
"And the translation can be deleted and simplified. You don't have to be obsessed with this article, as long as the original intention can be reached." He turned to face me, smiled and nodded, his eyebrows were full of mastery and wisdom, "The third argument is not ordinary. The people can understand, so Roche will also translate the easy-to-understand scriptures for the people. Let the sentient beings explain the Buddhist scriptures and understand their meaning. Three thousand sentient beings can understand, and the Dharma can really flourish."
Admiration. Such a truth, really only he can really understand. His translation has always been based on free translation, wherever it is difficult to understand, it will be deleted or abbreviated. For this reason, he was questioned by many Buddhist scholars, even his own disciples. Everyone thinks he is a Qizi, and he cannot fully understand Chinese. However, it is really a question of Chinese language level that he simply deletes traditional Chinese characters.
He has translated the most widely spread Buddhist scriptures, such as "Vajra Sutra", "Miao Falian Hua Jing", and "Vimoghazi Sutra". There are seven kinds of translations of "Vajra Sutra", among which there is Xuan Zang's version. If you speak Chinese, Xuan Zang's Chinese is definitely higher than Rosh. But why is Roche’s translation the most alive?
He wrote "The Theory of Truth" for Yao Xing, "Speaking in words, nothing to be modified, rhetoric, or mystery." Is this not enough to prove his Chinese level? The reason for his deletion is to simplify, the real reason is that he understands that the target of spreading the law is the general public. Xuan Zang has translated more than 1,300 volumes in twenty years. Rosh’s scripture translation time is far less than that of Xuanzang, and the translation is only more than three hundred volumes. But Roche’s translations can be seen by ordinary people in temples in the 21st century, and Xuan Zang has only one Heart Sutra most familiar. Because Xuan Zang's translations are mostly difficult Buddhist theories, not those who do Buddhist studies, and generally do not read Xuan Zang's translations. Qu Gao is widowed, different from ancient to modern.
Seeing that he was already thorough, he began to revise the translation of his translation with excitement. In order to sit on the side of several cases, he squeezed out the wish that had been in his heart for a long time: "Rosh, can I sneak a look at what the interpreter is like?"
I have never been to his workplace. Fortunately, at home, it’s embarrassing to go to Caotang Temple in a majestic place. However, I felt itching. Rosh's translation site is the largest in ancient China, and Xuan Zang couldn't compare. In its heyday, more than three thousand monks participated. After all, I am a history major, and it is of great significance to me to witness such a grand scene.
He dipped it in the inkstone with a brush, and thought for a moment: "Okay, let me arrange."
A few days later, a newly revised "Vajra Sutra" was presented to me. This is the version of the Vajra Sutra I saw in the 21st century. Read carefully, full of fragrance. Looking up, he was looking at me with a smile on his face.
"You can get up early tomorrow morning? Follow Roche to Caotang Temple."
In order to get a glimpse of Roche's translation, I got up and dressed up before four o'clock. But Rosh saw the little guy I was posing, and asked me to change back to the women's dress, and told me generously that everyone knew that I was his wife, so there was no need to hide it like this. In fact, I also understand that a woman is a woman, and it does not look like a man. In the costume TV series, the women who wear men's clothes are not recognized by the audience at a glance? Only the artificial coordination in the play can't be seen.
Therefore, I usually dress up and follow him to Caotang Temple. Seeing my monk was naturally surprised, but not much noise. He made me arrange a side position, but concealed but could clearly see all the activities in the hall. I'm a bit worried, will sitting in this public place invite criticism?
He just smiled and shook his head, beckoning me not to worry. The early class time is approaching, and the disciples enter the hall one after another. Although my location is remote, because it is the only female, it naturally attracts countless curious eyes. After a while, the whispering sound spread. I was a little embarrassed, peeping at Rosh, but I saw his face as usual, with a clear look, and calmly faced a thousand disciples.
The melodious ringing of bells came in, and it was time for early class. Roche stood up and bowed to all the disciples. "Today, Roche's wife comes here to view the grandeur of the scriptures, so you don't need to be disturbed."
"Roche also knows that you are dissatisfied with this matter, and I have no intention to justify it. It has been a fate with my wife for decades, and I have been trapped to this day. It is a fate of my previous life. Sin debt."
He raised his head, looked around at everyone, smiled indifferently, and said sincerely: "But Roche has been worshiping Buddha for decades, what he knows and understands, there is still something for the Central Plains monks. For example, the lotus in the stinky mud Lotus, don’t take stinky mud."
After saying this, many monks moved. Seng Zhao stood at the forefront as a big disciple. He took the lead and shook his hands at Rosh, saying aloud, "The disciples remember the teaching of the Master."
Roche glanced at everyone again and raised his voice slightly: "Recently, more Han monks came to Xiaoyao Garden and wanted to worship Rosh as a teacher. Today, I told you: you learn from me, and Rosh pours himself in. All, the professor is tireless. But Roche has a profound karma, and you don’t need to formally worship me as a teacher. Except for the eight people who have received the teacher’s ceremony: Seng Zhao, Zhu Daosheng, Dao Rong, Seng Rui, Dao Heng, Tan Ying, Hui Guan, Hui Yan , Roche no longer accepts disciples."
The monks shouted in silence: "Master!"
He shook his head slightly: "Rosh's mind is settled, no need to be persuaded. Start early classes."
Rosh glanced at me. I met his gaze and laughed as calmly as he did. He nodded slightly and began to lead everyone to do the morning class. After the morning class, we will have breakfast in groups, take a break, and then start the work of translating the scriptures.
Most of the 1,000 Han monks in the hall did not participate in the direct process of translating scriptures, but came to observe and study, and they were also those who would not be accepted as disciples in his mouth. They sat cross-legged and looked down, looking brown and yellow. Roche no longer wore the shoulder-less maroon robes of the Western Regions and changed to the maroon monk clothes of the Central Plains. This monk's clothing has not changed much until modern times. Only the Buddha Yeshe remained unchanged, still in a red robe.
Roche and Buddha Yeshe were sitting on the couch under the foremost Buddha statue. On one side was his Qiuzi disciple, on the other side were the most powerful Shimen and eight philosophers: Seng Zhao, Zhu Daosheng, Dao Rong, Seng Rui, Dao Heng, Tan Shadow, Huiguan, Huiyan. Everyone sat cross-legged on the couch, with a few cases in front of them, with the four treasures of the study.
He has translated the Dharma and Chinese Classics these days. Roche recites Sanskrit and records his disciples beside him. Memorizing a paragraph, Roche and Buddha Yeshe exchanged a few words to make sure that the verses they recited were correct. Then let the disciples of Guizi recite the recorded Sanskrit, and if there is any omission, Roche will add it again.
After recording a Sanskrit in this way, it is handed over to the other Han disciples. Roche reads a Sanskrit and then translates Chinese by himself. The Chinese disciples recorded Rosh's translation. Roche has explained to me every post on these lines.
The person who wrote the record is called a pen and a monk, who is generally a monk with good memory, and here is Zhu Daosheng. Those who prove that Sanskrit and the translated text are the same are called testimonies. They are generally monks who can communicate with both Chinese and Vatican. Called Runwen to polish the translation, he is a very good writer. Here Seng Rui and Dao Rong serve. In addition, there are testimonies, held by Dao Heng and Tan Ying, to prove that the translated text has the correct meaning. Huiguan and Huiyan acted as proofreaders and proofread the translated sentences. The emperor sometimes participates in it. The emperor's writings are called affixes.
Word by word, meticulous. The hall was filled with ray of smoke. Under the compassionate face of Buddha, everyone was so serious and solemn. What they are doing is the grand event of Ze Qiu Qian Qiu.
"Master!" Zhu Daosheng was writing, and he raised his head and shouted respectfully. "The former monk Zhu Fahu also translated this scripture. Dao Sheng remembers that his translation here is:'Heaven sees people, everyone sees heaven'." "
Roche nodded: "'Tiantianrenren, Tianrenrentian', this phrase is synonymous with the Western Regions, but the words are too straightforward, lack of literary grace."
He stayed and walked slowly in front of the disciples. Look around and slowly say in a clear voice: "The custom of Tianzhu is very accentuated. The rhyme of the palace merchants is good for entering the strings. Anyone who sees the king must praise the virtue of virtue, worship the Buddha, and sing praises. The chanting in the scriptures is the chanting style of Tianzhu. However, if the Tianzhu verse is changed to Chinese as it is, it will lose its charm. Although it is careless, it is often out of shape in terms of style and so on. Feeding people not only loses their original taste, but also makes them sick."
He paced slowly, and said with a long heart: "The translation of the scriptures should consider the balance of wild beauty. It is exactly the original meaning, too "wild". Just ask the writing is gorgeous, too "yan". . Ye Yan is a cheat and loses the classics. How to get smoother texts and more reasonable theories is the responsibility of me to translate the scriptures."
Everyone is thinking about the balance between Rosh and literal translation. Seng Rui raised his right hand, still holding the brush, and shouted, "Master, why not change it to ‘Human-to-human handover and meet each other’?

Roche turned around quickly, facing the Seng Rui, exulting with joy: "This sentence is very beautiful. Without losing its quality, it is wild and balanced." He turned his head to face Zhu Daosheng, "Dao Sheng, write down this sentence."
He looked around again and said aloud: "After all, Roche came from the Western Regions. Although he has lived in the Han Dynasty for many years, there are always dialects that are not understood. There are objections in the translated scriptures, you need to put forward. The scriptures can be accurately translated, not It’s Roche alone."
I sat on the futon and smiled and gazed at the busy figure, and the sense of happiness filled the whole heart again. My husband has always been so humble and studious. He is tireless and has no masters. Hui Jiao said that he is "relentless and kind, loves everything. He is tempting and selfless, and he is tireless all day long."
Watched like this for a day. It was dusk when he came home with him after finishing the evening class. As the sun went down, golden afterglow sprinkled on him, cutting out the fluttering silhouette. Looking at him next to me, the smile on my lips kept hanging, which could not be erased. He smiled at me and smiled softly. The warm wind blew, with a strong floral fragrance, took his hand and walked to our home...
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"The Preface to the Three Collections of Tibet" Volume Ten Sengrui "The Preface to the Great Wisdom Interpretation" says that Kumarajiva is not proficient in Chinese: "The master is a master of Qin dialect, he only knows one way, and the dialects are so good that they are not separated. Yu, the emotion is incomparable. The incomparable emotion, you can not enlighten your understanding of the literary form; the unspoken words, how can they be blamed on the same path, the reason is certainly true."
Hui Jiao's "The High Monk Biography of Domo Rosh": "Every time I talk about it, I often say, for example, that lotus grows in stinky mud, but don't take stinky mud when picking lotus."
Hui Jiao's "The High Monk's Biography of Kumarajiva": "In the early Shamen Huirui, he only knew Gao Ming, and often wrote it with Shi Zhuo. He even talked about the Western style of speech, with similarities and differences in business strategy. Its palace merchant body rhyme, good for entering the string. Anyone who visits the king must have Zander, see the Buddha's ritual, and sing is precious. After chanting, it is all in its style. But it is changed to Qin and lost. Zao Wei, despite his carelessness, is very different in style, and seems to chew rice and people.
Hui Jiao's "Sen Monk's Core of the Monk": "Where the scriptures are turned, the core is also involved in the rectification. The Xizhu Method protects the "Jingfa Huajing". "The Judgment" Cloud:'Tianjianren, Tianjianren.' Naiyan:'This language is synonymous with the Western Regions, but it is overqualified.' Rui said:'Wangfei: people will meet each other and meet each other.' Shixi said:'Actually.' Classes too."
For the description of the translation field, please refer to Ji Xianlin's "15 Questions of Buddhism"-"Translation and Translation Organization of Buddhist Scriptures".