Chapter 214: Focus on fusion nuclear power plants

After laughing with Kuafu, Lei Tiantang finally accepted all the materials prepared by Kuafu. After all, this knowledge is a little bit more, and the real learning difficulty is not too big. If you study seriously, it is estimated It's about the same in more than a month, but it is impossible for him to learn this kind of knowledge all the time. After all, he still has a lot of things to pay attention to.
Take the company’s energy consumption problem that Zhao Junxian and he said a few days ago. Although all companies install high-performance solar panels to save a lot of electricity bills, the problem of industrial electricity consumption also troubles the country and the world. The big problem of various countries, the current power stations use coal to generate electricity.
Although countries around the world are also actively promoting the construction of nuclear power plants, problems such as large investment, long construction time, and safety are also further hindering the process of nuclear power commercialization.
Therefore, Lei Tiantang will not pay attention to the upgrading and development of nuclear fission power stations. His main goals are focused on nuclear fusion power stations. This field is now a hot industry, and capable countries and companies around the world are moving towards this. In terms of investment, they all think that they can start the era of nuclear fusion power generation. You must know that this industry has a business opportunity of 10 trillion US dollars!
Unlike nuclear fission, the principle of making atomic bombs, when two light atoms fuse together to form a heavier atom, fusion occurs, and energy is generated in the process. Stars such as the sun release huge amounts of energy in this way.
The advantage of nuclear fusion is that it does not emit harmful gases to the environment, nor does it produce nuclear waste, so there will be no accidents such as the meltdown of nuclear power plants. The direct fuels (deuterium and tritium) needed for nuclear fusion are also easily available. Both can be obtained by electrolysis of water, which has significant cost advantages.
Nuclear fusion, that is, when light nuclei (such as deuterium and tritium) combine into heavier nuclei (such as helium), they release huge energy. Because chemistry is a science that studies the nature, composition, structure, and change laws of matter at the molecular and atomic levels, and nuclear fusion occurs at the nucleus level, nuclear fusion is not a chemical change. Today's nuclear fusion is divided into two aspects by scientists.
One is thermonuclear reaction, or fusion reaction of atomic nuclei, which is a promising new energy source. The light nuclei involved in the nuclear reaction, such as hydrogen (protium), deuterium, tritium, lithium, etc., obtain the necessary kinetic energy from thermal motion and cause the fusion reaction (see nuclear fusion). The thermonuclear reaction is the basis of the hydrogen bomb explosion, which can produce a large amount of heat in an instant, but it cannot be used yet.
If the thermonuclear reaction can be produced and carried out in a controlled manner according to people's intentions in a certain restricted area, a controlled thermonuclear reaction can be realized. This is a major subject of experimental research. Controlled thermonuclear reaction is the basis of fusion reactors. Once a fusion reactor succeeds, it may provide mankind with the cleanest and inexhaustible energy source.
The second is cold nuclear fusion, which refers to nuclear fusion reactions at relatively low temperatures (or even normal temperatures). This situation is a conceptual concept for thermonuclear fusion (thermonuclear reactions inside stars) known to exist in nature. "Assumption", this assumption will greatly reduce the reaction requirements, as long as it can free the outer nuclear electrons from the of the nucleus at a lower temperature, or use a high-intensity, high-density magnetic field to block neutrons or let the neutrons at a higher temperature. With sub-directed output, more common and simple equipment can be used to produce a controllable cold nuclear fusion reaction, while also making the polynuclear reaction safer.
However, cold nuclear fusion is now only an advanced technology in science fiction movies. At present, the conditions for research are not available on the earth. Therefore, Lei Tiantang mainly focuses on thermonuclear fusion that everyone is competing to develop in the world.
"Kuafu, sort out and introduce all the information you collected about nuclear fusion! Let me see the specific situation!" After the discussion on nanorobots, he and Kuafu entered the next project-nuclear fusion Power generation.
"Boss, there are mainly two nuclear fusion methods currently used internationally. One is the tokamak device that uses magnetic confinement.
Tokamak is a toroidal container that uses magnetic confinement to achieve controlled nuclear fusion. Its name Tokamak is derived from toroidal, kamera, magnit, and coil. It was originally invented in the 1950s by Azimovich and others of the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow, Soviet Union.
In the center of the tokamak is an annular vacuum chamber with coils wound on the outside. When it is energized, a huge spiral magnetic field will be generated inside the tokamak, heating the plasma in it to a very high temperature in order to achieve the purpose of nuclear fusion.
Although this fusion reaction is close to success under laboratory conditions, it is still far from achieving industrial applications. To build a tokamak-type nuclear fusion device, hundreds of billions of dollars are needed. Of course, boss, if you use that kind of ability that I can't understand to make equipment, you definitely don't need such a high price.
Another way to achieve nuclear fusion is the inertial restraint method. Inertial confinement nuclear fusion is to put a few milligrams of deuterium and tritium mixed gas or solid into a small ball about a few millimeters in diameter. The laser beam or particle beam is uniformly injected from the outside, and the spherical surface evaporates outward due to the absorption of energy. Under its reaction, the inner layer of the spherical surface is squeezed inward (the reaction force is a kind of inertial force~EbookFREE.me~) Gas constraint, so called inertial constraint).
Just like a jet of gas jetting backwards to push the airplane forward, the gas in the pellet is squeezed and the pressure rises, accompanied by a sharp rise in temperature. When the temperature reaches the required ignition temperature (about billions of degrees), the gas in the ball will explode and generate a lot of heat energy.
This explosion process time is very short, only a few picoseconds (1 skin is equal to one trillionth). If such explosions occur three or four times per second and continue continuously, the energy released is equivalent to a million kilowatt-level power station.
Although the principle is as simple as that, the power that the existing laser beam or particle beam can achieve is tens of times or even hundreds of times worse than what is needed. In addition to other technical problems, the inertia confines nuclear fusion. It is still elusive.
Of course, some of the problems here may be solved. At that time, we can have two nuclear fusion reactor models. The specific research plan still needs to be considered by the boss. If there is nothing to learn from, I still have no way to design it. of! "
Kuafu briefly introduced the method of nuclear fusion, and what he introduced was the catalogue material on the computer that also had many pages.