Chapter 381: What should I do, do I need to change the data?

Text 381 What should I do? Do you want to change the data (for subscription)
On Wednesday, Xu Qiu made an appearance in Wei Xingsi's "Lectures on Frontiers of Materials Science".
After saying hello to the students, he sat down in a corner of the classroom, turned on the computer, and continued to write his own article.
There are not many students in this course, only seven people.
The reason is also very simple. The "Lectures on Frontiers of Materials Science" is all in English. The courseware and lectures are all conducted in English, and the orientation is a professional elective course.
Even at Magic University, very few students will actively choose major elective courses taught in English.
On the one hand, not everyone has a good foundation in English. Reading and writing are better. Listening and speaking are the shortcomings of most people. After all, English is not the first official language. Basically, you can only take English classes. It involves listening and speaking of English;
On the other hand, even if you have a good foundation in English, you can still listen to elective courses taught in Chinese. There is no need to force yourself to increase the difficulty.
Most of the students who take the Wei Xingsi course are students who plan to study abroad. Taking a full English course can be considered as an adjustment in advance.
In addition, Wei Xingsi is shown as a "b+ unlimited" teacher in the folk gpatool, which also attracted a small number of students for him.
In fact, at the very beginning, Mr. Wei followed his habit of being awarded points when he was in a beautiful country, that is, according to his real scores. Later, Feifei Wu persuaded him to go back and chose to follow the local customs and became b+ unlimited.
Originally, English courses are not easy to be selected by students, and if the points are not good, there will be no students coming.
Once the number of electives for a course is less than 3, then this course may be forcibly cancelled by the school's academic affairs office.
Every teacher has a certain mandatory teaching time requirement every year. If the course is cancelled, it will be necessary to open a new course. Opening a new course means facing a series of troubles such as preparing new courseware.
In the evening, freshmen from the Department of Materials gathered again in classroom 3208 of the third teaching building to listen to the course of "academic norm education" by the old professor Wang Shaoxian.
This course, in simple terms, is to popularize what is "academic misconduct" and what is "academic misconduct" for students.
The department leaders were also in the audience, the counselors swept the array, the monitor was responsible for signing in, and Xu Qiu sat beside him, Sun Wo and Mo Wenlin, two generals.
This time there is no ppt, Wang Shao first took the speech and dragged the long note:
"Academic misconduct refers to behavior that violates academic norms and academic ethics. It is generally used internationally to refer to three acts of fabricating data, falsifying data, and plagiarizing."
"The first is forgery, including falsifying data, information or results, and recording or reporting..."
"The second is falsification, including falsifying scientific research materials, equipment or processes, or falsifying or omitting materials or results, so that scientific research records cannot accurately reflect research..."
"Finally is plagiarism, including stealing other people's ideas, methods, results or words without giving others enough explanations..."
"Although there are several new variants of academic misconduct, such as multiple submissions per manuscript, misappropriation of academic achievements, and forgery of academic resumes, there are the three most important and worst ones."
The students in the audience were drowsy. On the one hand, it was Wang Shaoxian’s hypnotic tone. On the other hand, most of them were graduate students who had just stepped into the road of scientific research. In fact, I probably understand.
Therefore, more or less disapproval: "How can I deliberately forge, tamper with, or plagiarize? Impossible, absolutely impossible."
It's not surprising that they have such thoughts, they are still cute, and there is no time to test them.
If you have been on the road of scientific research for some time, you may encounter this situation:
"Xu from a research group surnamed Wei, this year published n top journals in am and nc..."
"25-year-old Cao has published 5 "Nature"..."
"Mou Han, who is in the same bedroom, won the National Award. There are 2w yuan. I only have a basic school-level second prize, only 2100 yuan..."
At this time, they might think about it again: Why is there such a big gap between people? I can't even post a sci three districts. Should I change the data?
Or is this the case:
The 28-year-old Zhang has already been a direct Ph.D. supervisor, and I can’t even rate an associate professor at the age of 35...
What should I do, do I need to change the data?
If the above are all induced by jealousy or greed, then the following situation:
The fourth grade of Ph.D. has been postponed for one year, and now there is no article in the three sci districts. If this continues, there is still no article in the fifth year, and I will be dropped out...
In this case, the doctoral student may have been paddling for four years, or it may be that he has tried hard but has insufficient objective ability, which means he cannot produce results;
There may also be bad luck and various accidents. For example, if you are a little bit more extreme, you have an accident with a doctoral supervisor, and then you have changed four instructors in four years, and you have changed four research directions. Forced to give up, naturally there will be no results.
Of course, the reason is not important. What is important is how the doctoral student should choose and whether to change the data?
If you stand from the perspective of an outsider, you will naturally make a choice without hesitation:
Don't change the data, how can we change the data? We must insist on..., promote..., resist academic misconduct, and maintain the purity of the academic circle...
But what if it is the party?
Imagine that if a Ph.D. cannot be graduated and is directly discharged, he will have no status as a freshman, no work experience, and waste of five years, more than eight years of being disconnected from society, and the number of people is already 30+. If the research direction is still similar to organic photovoltaics, which cannot be applied in a short period of time, "frontier science", then basically you can only switch to a career, and it is difficult to switch to a field that is too advanced. After 24 years of reading, there is no competition. In terms of enterprise employment considerations, it may not be as good as an undergraduate, so you can only work in low-threshold industries, such as writing online articles...
The most important thing is that at the age of 30, the people around you are likely to have taken root in the magic city. The mortgage will be paid off soon. The baby has given birth to two children. If you think about yourself, you will feel like a miserable word...
In many cases, I am not afraid that I will not mix well. What I am afraid of is that the people around me are good, but I am not good.
There is no harm without comparison.
In this case, if you choose to change the data, the possibility of sci graduation is still very high.
Wang Shaoxian continued:
"There are also some behaviors that are between academic integrity and academic misconduct. Those in the gray area are academic misconducts, such as abuse of peer review privileges, harming the interests of research subjects and concealing them, and experiments that are contrary to ethics and morality. , Deliberately ignoring the negative results of the research, etc."
"Our Mordu Comprehensive University has clearly regulated the performance of improper scientific research in the academic standard (trial implementation)."
"For example: improper use of scientific research information, unauthorized publication, disclosure of information obtained when reviewing manuscripts, project applications and other documents, undisclosed works or research plans of others, to third parties or for their own use;"
"Failure to truthfully disclose the known flaws, defects or side effects of the academic research results published by oneself;"
"Exaggerate the significance and role of related academic achievements; improper use of data."
"In addition, it also includes improper attribution and unintentional multiple submissions and repeated publications."
Xu Qiu sighed with emotion below: "The impact of this academic misconduct is a bit too broad..."
If you look at it carefully, it is conservatively estimated that at least 30%, or even more than 50% of scientific researchers have committed academic misconduct.
"Improper use of scientific research information..." This is relatively uncommon, but there are still many precedents. This is why the major research groups will prevent undergraduates and joint training students from participating in group meetings.
"Do not disclose truthfully..." This is basically the default unspoken rule of the industry. After publishing your work, you will definitely want to blow up, highlight the advantages and dilute the shortcomings. This is a routine operation.
For example, the stability of devices in the organic photovoltaic field is poor, especially the system in the fullerene field. The efficiency tested is basically one-time. If you scan multiple times for a long time, or test every few days, the efficiency will be the highest. On the basis of the value, the loss is 10-30%, the first day is 10%, and the efficiency is 8% after a few days, which is very normal.
In addition, there are various other shortcomings, including low efficiency, poor stability, inability to coat thick films, spin-coating solvents are not environmentally friendly, and inability to prepare large-size devices, etc., but most researchers will not write in the article All these shortcomings are mentioned in the article, even in the introduction, they may only be mentioned in a targeted manner.
This obviously belongs to "disclosure of truth".
"Exaggerating the significance and role of related academic achievements" is similar to "disclosing the truth...", and can be regarded as the default unspoken rule of the industry.
Most research directions are of little application value in a short period of time, but if you look through the literature and look at other people's prospects, you will feel that this field is about to take off.
Taking organic photovoltaics as an example, many documents will mention in the introduction part that "one of the advantages of organic photovoltaics is cheap barabara...".
But in fact, in addition to the early donor and acceptor materials such as p3ht and fullerene c-60, the molecular structures of the donor and acceptor materials are becoming more and more complex now that they have developed.
For example, pce10 and pce11 have fluorine atoms attached to the molecules. The synthesis difficulty and cost are much higher than p3ht. In addition, there are five or six steps in the synthesis of new non-fullerene derivatives itic. If it is a better performance it -4f, the synthesis step is close to ten steps, the efficiency is indeed improved, but the material cost is also flying upward.
In the end, the cost of organic photovoltaics may be dozens or hundreds of times higher than that of commercial inorganic silicon cells.
Therefore, even if the efficiency and stability problems of organic photovoltaic cells are solved in the future, the cost is still a big mountain that is difficult to cross, unless simple and efficient materials can be designed.
This is why a bunch of people are obsessed with the inefficient p3ht system because its molecular structure is simple enough and the price is cheap enough.
"Improper use of data" is not uncommon.
Most complex data fittings have subjective factors in them, and people will subconsciously or deliberately make the data results more in line with their own conclusions.
For example, trpl, a test curve obtained, during data analysis, is it single exponential fitting, double exponential fitting, three exponential fitting, or four exponential fitting?
A common practice is to try them one by one, and use whichever result is beneficial to analysis.
This can actually be regarded as "improper use of data" because it is not objective enough.
Finally, there are many examples of "improper signature".
For example, a tutor grabs a student's work, sends a sci article, or buys and sells sci articles, and uses sci articles as a gift...
Including the previous master's tutors who helped master students who had difficulty in graduating to write graduation thesis, it was actually "improperly signed" because the result was the tutor's, but the student's name was written.
After a lot of eloquence, Wang Shaoxian continued:
Here, I quote Academician Zhu Bang’s point of view: We must vigorously promote responsible scientific research behavior; we must clearly oppose and combat scientific research misconduct, and implement a
one-vote veto
; We must start with education and criticize scientific research misconduct."
Xu Qiu thinks that this view is reasonable. There are still a large number of academic misconduct problems that cannot be cleaned up. If academic misconduct is also treated across the board, it is estimated that the academic circle will suddenly be in chaos.
If you have a disease, you have to treat it, but you must treat a serious illness first, let the cancer die, and treat a cold first.
Wang Shaoxian then quoted: "Zhu Bang used two'unprecedented examples' to describe the current state of the academic circle."
"The first is that with the decline of the moral standards of the entire society, the eagerness for quick success and the prevalence of quick success, and the generation of people who grew up in a certain era become academic leaders and backbones, the extent and severity of the issue of scientific research integrity in my country is unprecedented; Increasing investment in science and technology and the popularization of the Internet ~EbookFREE.me~the attention of all sectors of society to the issue of integrity in scientific research is unprecedented."
"Why can academic misconduct occur? Zhu Bang believes that there are both reasons for the bad academic environment, but also personal responsibility. The bad environment includes: bonus according to the number of papers; awards according to the impact factor of the journal published on the paper; Teacher promotion and appointment are linked; after reporting, the unit still neglects to investigate or cover up."
"In terms of personal responsibility, the main cause of academic misconduct is still the researcher's own moral indebtedness, because any system design inevitably has loopholes and cannot be used to justify their missteps."
Xu Qiu feels that objectively a bad environment does exist, especially the current situation in the academic circle of "using hats to discuss superiority and sci to discuss strengths" is a big problem, but in fact, this is the same as the college entrance examination, which has been criticized but has been criticized. adhere to.
Because if you don't use these quantifiable things to evaluate a person's scientific research results, is it all about the expert's mouth to evaluate, then it is probably more confusing.
And it will intensify the development of the "student clan". Whether you can do it or not, it's up to me to say it.
Sometimes, many systems do have problems, but they cannot be replaced objectively, because everything has advantages and disadvantages. Choosing other systems may have more side effects...
"Finally, I hope that all the students can stick to their heart..." Wang Shaoxian finished, and after a lot of chicken soup, the counselor Bao Wei answered: "After listening to the two classes taught by Professor Wang Shaoxian, everyone must have gained a lot, then we Everyone write a 2,000-word testimony on laboratory safety and academic norms education, and hand it in after National Day."
The students...
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