Chapter 441: The laminated device breaks the world record!

The conference room on the third floor of Caiyi, group meeting.
Wei Xingsi first said: "Congratulations to Xu Qiu for publishing an AM, "Joule", I will give you the bonus for the article later, everyone applauds."
After all, everyone looked at Xu Qiu with envious eyes and clapped crackling applause.
But Wei Xingsi was grinning on his face, but he was murmuring in his heart:
'The original article bonus policy was originally estimated based on my posting situation when I was in a beautiful country. At that time, I thought that publishing five to eight articles with an impact factor of about 10 in a one-year group would be very good. The expenditure is less than 10,000 to 20,000 a year, and part of the labor costs in the project can be reimbursed. If it is not enough, it is acceptable to pay some by yourself. ’
'As a result, the students in the group now have two-hair AM-level articles in three days. An article costs 4,000 yuan, and it is a "Joule" with an impact factor of 30, and an article costs 6,000 yuan. After that, there may be "Nature·Energy". "This kind of impact factor exceeds 40...'
‘Following this trend, I’m afraid it’s not necessary to sell the house in the beautiful country or the magic capital to be able to afford these students...’
Ten seconds later, after the applause gradually subsided, Wei Xingsi said: "Let's start a group meeting."
Wu Feifei first reported that she continued to write "Introduction of ITIC non-fullerene-like stacked devices in two-dimensional perovskites" last week, and the current progress is about 50%, the target journal JMCA.
Sun Wo ACSAMI’s article was held for more than a month, and finally came out. After working with Wu Feifei and Wei Xingsi to change the article for three days, the article was changed and posted last Sunday.
The two major backbones in the perovskite field in the group are now basically empty of the work at hand, and they are also beginning to try to find new research directions.
In the end, they chose a more conservative research strategy. The route they took was the path that the organic photovoltaic field in the group has gone through or is currently taking. They mainly do some conceptual work, including: "Based on two-dimensional perovskite "Translucent device", "True laminated device based on two-dimensional perovskite" and so on.
On the one hand, it was because they realized that their hard power was not strong enough and did not have the courage to develop new materials to hit the world record of efficiency in a certain segment of perovskite, so they had to choose some leftover materials to do.
On the other hand, it is also because the main person in charge of the perovskite team is Wu Feifei. She is now in the second year of her Ph.D. and will graduate in more than a year. If she wants to be safe and stable, she can post a few more articles. , Insufficient development.
Otherwise, if you suddenly make a big breakthrough when you are in the third year of Ph.D., you will be faced with the situation of essays or postponement.
If you are determined to engage in scientific research and go one way to the end, then naturally you don’t need to think too much about it, and you’re done. But Feifei Wu is not sure about the way forward. It is after going abroad to do a Ph.D. to develop in the industry. Or choose another path.
Foreign post-doctorate, especially the better research groups, are not so easy to enter now. Post-doctoral fellows are generally required to bring their own funds for research in the past. Many large groups of post-doctorate who do not have funds will not accept them, and many of them are beautiful. Chinese schools also do not recognize domestic doctorates, and they need to read the doctorate again.
However, with Wu Feifei’s current scientific research results, coupled with the background of the Magic University, it is not difficult to find a postdoctoral post in a better research group in the beautiful country, and Wei Xingsi also has some contacts in the beautiful country. For example, you can recommend her to the research group of Bazan, or some research groups in the previous NREL.
Feifei Wu is actually quite tangled.
As the saying goes, there is no harm without comparison.
Although she has now won the National Award, the output of scientific research work is also stronger than other doctoral students in the same grade.
But the existence of Xu Qiu in the group made her self-doubt:
Is he really good enough? Is it really suitable for scientific research?
If you are not good enough to be the top group of people in the scientific research circle, how can you go on the road of scientific research in the future?
It is foreseeable that the sea of ​​scientific research will only become more and more popular, and there will be less and less room for the rise of the under-leading scientific researchers.
If there is no room for improvement, maybe it is a better choice to develop in industry?
At least now that Chen Wanqing and Duan Yun in the group graduated, it is still possible to achieve an annual income of 20W.
In terms of scientific research results, although he is not as good as Xu Qiu, he is still better than them. There is a high probability that he can find a job at the same price or even a higher price.
And taking the path of scientific research, as an ordinary scientific researcher, his salary before retirement may not reach the figure of 20W.
Feifei Wu’s considerations are more realistic, she treats scientific research as a business, and cares more about material gains and losses.
In fact, this is also an inevitable choice for each individual individual.
After six years of elementary school, three years of middle school, three years of high school, four years of university, five/six years of master's and doctoral degrees, and a total of 21/22 years of hard work, the income and expenditures during this period are calculated and the tuition fee is deducted. Mostly negative income.
Moreover, how many 20 years can life be?
Having been busy for so many years, I must consider finding a good place for my future.
Of course, if you have a mine at home, you don't have to be so entangled, just do what you want to do, and your interest is your priority.
Unfortunately, most people do not have mines at home.
Duan Yun is still the same. Although he still didn't get a formal offer, two companies entered the second side last week. In addition, his hometown Taicheng Vocational and Technical College has a faculty position as a guarantee, so he is not very panicked.
In addition, his graduation project is almost finished. Last week, everyone in the research group was invited to drink milk tea to help him check for formatting and typos.
Tian Qing continued to conduct "the study of the charge transport mechanism of three non-fullerene systems with linear changes in the HOMO energy level difference". There is not much progress. He mainly waits for the test data from Sweden Feng Shengdong to come out, and then decides which model to use. Explanation.
Chen Wanqing's graduation thesis is basically finished. She has more content than Duan Yun, but she writes faster than Duan Yun, mainly because a lot of content has been written in the Chinese version of the annual fund report, which is directly copied and pasted. That's it.
Last week, she mainly helped Xu Qiu to do repetitive experiments and some basic characterizations of the "full solution, colorful, translucent device" system. Now the data is complete.
At the same time, she formally signed an internship contract with Blue River last week. Although the nominal salary has not dropped for the past three days a week, the actual amount of money should be less because of the tax payment.
There is less here, it is really only less. A salary of 10,000 yuan needs to pay about 300 taxes.
Usually the deductions are a lot because of the need to pay social security, provident fund, etc. Those are the major deductions from wages.
Interns who have not yet graduated cannot sign a formal labor contract and do not need to pay social security.
Speaking of it, the elder sister just got a job for her, which is quite rare in materials major.
Most people have changed careers. For example, none of Duan Yuntou's positions are related to thermoelectricity.
In addition, the squeegee machine developed by Blue River, the film produced by squeegee is relatively stable, and the first-generation prototype machine is being assembled and tried to sell.
After receiving the news, Wei Xingsi said on the spot: "Let's buy the first machine of Blue River."
On the one hand, it is to give support to the partners, on the other hand, the group does need such a machine now, which can make future experimental methods more diversified.
Finally it was Xu Qiu’s turn to report, although he would like to share the results of Y4 and Y5 with everyone, so that everyone else knows that he has broken the device efficiency to 14.8%, which is close to 15%.
But Xu Qiu still suppressed his restless heart, and reported seriously:
"Last week, Jiaying Han and I synthesized the first-generation donor PTQ1 of the PTQ series and purchased the raw materials for the Y series acceptor. In addition, progress has been made in laminated devices..."
Although Xu Qiu mentioned many directions, he didn't go into details, but left it to others to explain.
Jiaying Han’s progress in writing AM articles on J4 donor materials last week was about 30%, and she also reported on the progress of the experiment last week:
"The PTQ1 donor material was synthesized last week. The main advantages of this material are fewer synthesis steps, simple molecular structure, and basic characterization tests. The band gap of PTQ1 is about 1.7 eV..."
"PTQ1's photoelectric performance is also good. Combined with the benchmark non-fullerene acceptor materials, including ITIC, IDIC, etc., it has shown higher device performance, up to 11%, and combined with IDIC-4F, the efficiency is higher. It can reach 12.8%..."
Wu Shengnan was mainly writing articles last week, IHIC and 4TIC, the target journals are JMCA and CM respectively.
Among them, IHIC's JMCA has been written and voted, and 4TIC's CM has completed 40% of the progress.
Mo Wenlin continues to work on the ternary system. The performance of the current system is not bad, and the device efficiency can reach more than 12%~EbookFREE.me~Welfare] Pay attention to the public.. No. [Book Friends Base Camp], read books every day and get cash !
Her previous three ternary systems were based on one type of donor and two types of receptors. In order not to duplicate the previous system, this system uses two types of donors and one type of receptor material.
It is important to make the work you do now and the work you do in the past differ.
If Mo Wenlin continues to work on a system of one donor and two receptors, although it will not be impossible to publish an article, but it was originally possible to publish AM, but now it may only be possible to publish AFM.
At the same time, she also reported the results of the "four-terminal method" laminated device that Xu Qiu made last week.
Because the preparation process of the "four-terminal method" is much more complicated than that of the "two-terminal method", she does not have many systems:
The bottom cell uniformly selected the current best-performing system (13.5% efficiency), while the top cell tried four different systems.
Among them, in the best laminated system, the effective layer material of the top cell is 12.3% efficiency), and the device efficiency can reach 12.5%.
It seems that "13.5%+12.3%=12.5%", the efficiency has not exceeded the height of the original single knot system, and the previous "two terminal method" "12%+10%=9%", "13%+10%= 10%" is almost the same.
It seems that this attempt has failed again, but it is not.
Because when people look at stacked devices, they actually treat stacked devices as a whole.
It is not particularly concerned about the performance of the original device, only in the same subdivision, that is, horizontal comparison with other laminated devices.
However, the preparation threshold of organic photovoltaic stacked devices is relatively high, and there are relatively few research groups. In addition, there are no good materials before. The acceptor is almost only PCBM, and the donor is only available for a few donor materials such as PCE10. Shot.
Therefore, the world record for the laminated system at this stage is only that, Xu Qiu asked Mo Wenlin to try the laminated device, and took a leisurely step, and accidentally broke the world record for efficiency in a subdivision of organic photovoltaics. Up!
In this way, he had no choice but to change the strategy he had set before.
Originally, Xu Qiu intended to let Mo Wenlin do the laminated device first, and synthesize the Y series acceptor materials by herself.
Now that there is hope for the rise of laminated devices, he plans to follow up at the same time.
Xu Qiu now has a deep understanding of the field of organic photovoltaics, and soon thought of five possible "optimization ideas for stacked devices", and threw all these ideas to senior simulation experimenters for exploration.
Next, the four undergraduates reported that the two projects they applied for have completed their open questions.
Wei Xingsi announced the end of the group meeting and called Xu Qiu to the office alone.
After closing the door of 218, Wei Xingsi did not hide it, and said directly: "I will transfer 1W to you later on the article bonus, but I think our research team needs to change the rules in the future, according to an impact factor of 200 yuan. Some are too expensive. Now the labor fee in the group is almost out of money, and the new project has not been applied for, so poor..."
Wei Xingsi changed the conversation and continued: "But if you don't give rewards for posting articles, it will not be very good, and it will inhibit students' enthusiasm for work. What do you think of Xu Qiu? Do you have any good suggestions?"
"Uh..." Xu Qiu made a thinking state, and began to calculate in his heart.
The group now has about 300W of fund project funds, of which about 15% is labor fees, which is about 45W, which is about 9W a year on average.
It seems that there are a lot of 9W a year, but in fact, the students in the group have to be subsidized every month.
Now Xu Qiu and Wu Feifei have slightly more subsidies, 3800 yuan and 1500 yuan respectively.
Everyone in the group will receive a monthly subsidy of about 500-1000 yuan.
Because the school subsidy is only 600 yuan for master students, they pay more, usually 1,000 yuan, and doctoral students because the school subsidizes 2,000 yuan, so they pay less, usually 500 yuan.
There are now 13 members in the research group. Except for Wu Sheng's post-doctorate, four new undergraduates, all of whom need to be paid. There are eight in total. Mo Wenlin and Han Jiaying are awarded for doctoral students and master students respectively. .
Eight people add up to a total of about 8,800 yuan a month, which is 80,000 yuan a year. If calculated on the basis of a year’s 9W labor service fee, the average annual balance is 2,000. If other labor expenditures are deducted, the annual balance will become negative. Up.
Of course, because there were relatively few people in the research group in the past few years, and there were no big labor expenses like Xu Qiu, there was still some labor expenses left.
But now the number of scientific research results is expanding too fast. In the past year, Xu Qiu led the organic photovoltaic team. The AM-level articles added up to about 10, and the other CM and JMCA with an impact factor of about 10, there are also 10 articles. about.
It is estimated that a total of 50,000 to 60,000 yuan has been paid out before and after Wei Xingsi, and the remaining part of the project has already been spent almost, and it may even make up a small gap of tens of thousands.
Moreover, Wei Xingsi had just returned to China with a lot of start-up funds. If there are no major projects in the future, such as those who fail to apply for key projects and outstanding youth projects, according to the current situation, the students will be given money, the gap will only increase.
Xu Qiu didn't care too much about the article bonus.
On the one hand, he has basically realized the freedom of wealth at the "student stage". As long as he doesn't even mention buying a house, he basically has no worries about material needs. This kind of bonus of 1W and 2W per year is not very useful because of the existence of marginal effects.
Moreover, at this stage, it is more important for him to improve himself, and to obtain the ability to obtain sustainable and stable income in the future is the kingly way.
In many cases, making quick money is harmful. It is a matter of habit. It is easy to change from frugality to luxury, and it is difficult to change from extravagance to frugality.
If you are used to making quick money, if you can't make this money one day, you will easily have problems with your mentality.
Of course, quantitative changes cause qualitative changes. If it is 500W or 1000W, it will be different.
Xu Qiu said that more of this kind of quick money is better. Even if the single-deposit bank does not pursue the rate of return on investment, it can basically leave a way for himself, and there is no need to worry about it for half a lifetime.
On the other hand, Xu Qiu knew that even if he cared about bonuses, he couldn't change much.
Because doing scientific research is similar to doing business. It is not a capital market or real estate. There is no leverage and no money can make money. The total amount of money is limited and it is impossible to make more out of thin air.
There is a gap now. Either apply for more projects to get more funding, or Wei Xingsi directly pays the subsidy, or cuts the student subsidy. There is no other way.
Specifically, most vertical projects such as general projects have limited requirements, and it is impossible to take a large number of projects. For horizontal projects, organic photovoltaics or perovskite photovoltaics have no short-term application value, and few companies are willing to develop. This road will not work.
It is not a problem to let Wei Xingsi keep posting money for scientific research.
Then we can only cut down on student subsidies, which is bound to happen.
There are roughly two options. One is to reduce the monthly basic subsidy for students, and the other is to reduce the bonus for publishing articles.
In fact, even if it is a top domestic university like Magic University, most of the research groups in the Department of Materials do not have any funding.
More than half of the research groups have survived a general project, that is, 80W for four years, and labor costs accounted for 15%, which is 12W, and the average is 3W a year, 3,000 per month.
In other words, all students in the entire research group will be given a total of 3,000 yuan per month in subsidies.
The policy of most research groups is that doctoral students do not receive subsidies. They only take the school’s 2000, and the master’s student will be given a symbolic payment of 500. The school subsidies add up to 1100. Anyway, the board and lodging are all in the school, and more than one thousand are basically starving.
Therefore, don’t be surprised when you hear that some people have already graduated and asked for money at home, because it’s really normal.
Moreover, for graduate students of biochemistry and environmental materials, there are very few part-time jobs that can be done, and maybe they can only do tutoring.
What's more, I'm already 996, and I'm thinking of part-time job, how can I have so much time and energy.
This is the hazard of involution. When the total amount of allocable resources is fixed, the harder people work, the lower the average rate of return.
In addition, even if the total amount of allocable resources is not fixed, but will increase with the increase in labor, it may lead to the same result.
For example, in the actual production process of the processing and manufacturing industry, the more work you do, the higher the gross output value. It seems that the more you work, the more you get.
But in fact, not all things produced are valuable. Only when it is consumed by people can its value be revealed.
If 1 billion bowls are needed in the market, and 1.5 billion bowls are produced because of overwork, the value of the 500 million bowls will be greatly reduced, and the average rate of return will therefore be lower.
This is also the reason why people hate "workmen". Working more is true when productivity is not saturated, but when there is overcapacity, working more is not necessarily true.
On the contrary, some people lose their jobs because of overcapacity and the factory does not need too many employees.
In summary, Wei Xingsi has little choice. There are only two ways to go, either by lowering the monthly subsidy for students or lowering the bonus for publishing articles.
Although Xu Qiu knew something in his mind, he didn't want to express his opinion on this matter, so he chose to shook his head and responded in silence. Moreover, he knew that when Wei Xingsi asked this question, he probably had the answer in his heart.
Sure enough, Wei Xingsi saw Xu Qiu silently and proactively said: "You see if this will work, we will post an article later, without calculating the impact factor, we will uniformly set an article of 2,000 yuan for a district one article and 1,000 yuan for a district two article."
Xu Qiu pretended to think about it for a while, then nodded, "Um...I don't have any comments."
It seems that Teacher Wei chose the second path. If this is the case, he will lose a little bit, but it will protect the interests of students in the group who have no articles like Sun Wo.
If you keep the article bonus unchanged, Sun Wo estimates that he can only get 1,000 yuan a month, which is probably not enough to spend, and he will go to his home and ask for money.
Xu Qiu asked casually: "What if you send CNS?"
"CNS..." Wei Xingsi followed Xu Qiu's words and began to ponder ~ EbookFREE.me~ suddenly his eyes lit up, and he raised his head and asked: "You have achieved new results again? Have a chance to join the CNS?"
"I almost missed it," Xu Qiu smiled and shook his head: "Not yet...I just asked."
In fact, if the Y series acceptor system can achieve more than 15%, there is a chance to impact a wave of CNS. In addition, if the laminated device can also break the current shackles, and the efficiency can reach more than 15%, there is also a chance.
From the current point of view, the possibility of a breakthrough in the Y series receptors is higher, after all, it is already 14.8%.
Xu Qiu intends not to report on the early work of Y1 and Y2. When that happens, he will directly pick up the best system and invest directly in the CNS.
"Um... it is really necessary to distinguish." Wei Xing thought about it and said: "CNS, "Nature" Dazi Magazine, and your "Nature·Energy" are all counted at 1W, and "Joule" is counted at 5,000. Well, even if I post the money, I will pay the money."
PS: Try to combine the two chapters.