Chapter 458: "Science", officially set sail!

In the afternoon, Xu Qiu started the preparatory work for writing articles on laminated devices.
Since he intends to submit for the first time in "Science", Xu Qiu needs to find a template for "Science" submission first, and at the same time understand the requirements of "Science" journals to receive articles.
So he directly logged on to the official website of Science, .scemag.
The webpage is accessed very fast, and it seems that this website has not been "walled".
Of course, it may also be due to logging in from the campus network.
"Science" official website page is very concise, there is no overly exaggerated design.
In the upper left corner is the publisher's logo: "aaas (Beautiful Country Association for the Advancement of Science.
There are two rows of task bars in black and red style at the top, including search, login, news and other columns.
Below are the covers of the five cover articles of the current issue, scrolling back and forth, it looks a bit like a big post from the starting point...
The first cover is a big ugly whale.
The title of this article is "Floating sharks resembling mantises in the oceans of the Late Cretaceous"...
So, this is probably the result of the Department of Archaeology?
Sure enough, three hundred and sixty lines, the best in the line.
The second cover is a big push of colorful tiles.
Of course Xu Qiu knew that those were definitely not ceramic tiles, they were mostly special materials.
The title of this article is "Building Smart Cities with Smart Materials".
Xu Qiu glanced at the summary. He was probably talking about a "smart city index". Several researchers established a model to evaluate the "smart city" of cities.
According to this model, the world's No. 1 city in the "Smart City Index" is Singapore City.
The third cover is a faceless photo of a white, yellow-haired female researcher wearing a lab coat, and a white, black-haired male researcher also wearing a lab coat, but the latter has been blurred.
The two people seemed to be looking at something, but that thing did not appear in the picture on the cover.
This cover is a bit incomprehensible. The only thing Xu Qiu noticed is that he found that the skin on the white man’s face was very rough, not as refined as the domestic girls.
The title of the article is "In-Depth Analysis of Gene Editor", and it is related to biology. Xu Qiu glanced at it casually, and didn't have much interest.
The fourth cover is an overhead view of a coastline with a pile of smoke. The title of the article is "Smog injection into the stratosphere explains record-breaking aerosol levels", and a short title "Smog Alert".
This work is mainly about the recent aerosol optical thickness (aod) over the southern hemisphere has reached record-breaking levels.
This unusual aod is attributed to the forest fire in Koala country not long ago.
The fire occurred in the mid-latitude cyclone belt sufficiently south, that is, where the height of the tropopause was relatively low. This position allowed deep convection in the upper and lower wind directions during the fire and transported smoke to the stratosphere.
In the stratosphere, the life span of smog is an order of magnitude longer than that in the lower atmosphere.
As a result, the monthly average aod value of most parts of the southern hemisphere exceeds the average by more than three standard deviations.
Every time a major event occurs in the world, a group of related researchers ran over to "snap the hot spots" and explain some phenomena in a scientific way, so as to win an s or other major articles at a relatively small cost.
Of course, this kind of "rubbing hot spots" is still worth promoting, because the work they do is really meaningful.
The fifth cover is an animal that Xu Qiu has never seen. It has a pointed head and scales attached to it, but he knows what an animal is when he sees the title of the article.
The title of the article is "Seize the momentum of flower growers to protect pangolins", so the picture must be a pangolin.
The content of this article is very short, less than one page of content, to the effect that the domestic protection of pangolins is very good. The author of the article calls on other countries to learn from flower growers.
Xu Qiu looked at the author of the article. One is like a domestic student, the second is a foreigner, and the third is a foreigner newsletter, emmm...
In addition to the five cover articles, all articles published in the latest issue of the journal Science are listed below.
Xu Qiu glanced at it roughly, and there were about thirty or forty articles, covering all kinds of work in various fields.
Among them, there are relatively more researches in biomedicine.
After browsing the homepage, Xu Qiu entered the "Author Interface" column and found the manuscript type and submission requirements of the "Science" journal.
Each journal has its own unique requirements for various types of articles, and "Science" is no exception. The column "Type of Manuscript" is very detailed.
In fact, Xu Qiu rarely read the specific requirements issued by major journals before writing articles.
As for how to write articles, he used the oral experience of Wei Xingsi and Chen Wanqing, as well as reading the documents published by other people, and came up with it.
This time I am preparing to vote for "Science". Xu Qiu intends to take a look at the requirements of the journal company itself, and supplement his knowledge in this area.
There are four types of manuscripts accepted by "Science" journals.
They are "research articles" (researcharticles), "reports" (reports), "reviews" (reviews), and "entary".
The first type is "research articles".
It requires significant scientific progress, about 4,500 words, about 5 pages, and the main text includes an abstract, introduction, six or so figures, chapters with brief subtitles, and about 40 references.
Supplementary materials need to provide experimental methods, information about the materials used, and other information needed to support the conclusion of the paper.
The word count and space requirements are mainly for the printed version.
Because the total number of pages of a magazine is basically determined, it cannot be very thick in this issue and very thin in the next issue. Therefore, if the body of the article is relatively long and does not meet the requirements of 4,500 words and 5 pages, it cannot be printed Published.
But at this time, if the work is really important, you can choose to publish it electronically only.
Only the electronic version of the article, the word count can reach 8000 words, but in the coverletter to explain to the journal editor why so many words need to be written, and the article can be accompanied by audio and video files as auxiliary documents.
The format of this "research article" is somewhat similar to the article format usually written by Xu Qiu.
The second type is "reports."
It requires a wide range of significant, important and new research results, about 2500 words, about 3 pages in length, and the main text includes abstracts, introductions, up to four charts and about 30 references. The requirements for supplementary materials are the same as "Research article".
The format of this "report" is somewhat similar to the uni format that Xu Qiu usually writes.
In the "research articles" and "reports", "Science" requires the materials and methods section to provide sufficient details in order to replicate the research.
In addition, for papers involving a method in the life sciences, "Science" encourages authors to submit a detailed proposal to their partner-"Biological Agreement".
"Biological Protocol" is an online journal created by researchers from Stanford University in 2011 that specializes in the selection and publication of experimental schemes and requires peer review.
Their purpose is to create an open access and communication platform, share high-quality experimental programs, and make life science research more efficient and reproducible.
This is quite meaningful, but I don’t know why it is limited to life sciences.
Probably because there are more fake papers in it?
This possibility is not ruled out. After all, there are too many high-quality articles published in the life sciences every year.
If the base number is relatively large, even if the probability of fraud is relatively low, the final absolute number will be relatively high.
Looking at the academic fraud incidents reported in the news, the life sciences field is indeed the hardest hit area, and academicians are even involved.
Having said that, why are few academicians involved in other fields?
Because there are no academicians in many fields.
The third type is "comments".
It requires a review of the latest developments with interdisciplinary significance and highlights the future direction. It is about 6000 words. The main body includes an abstract, an introduction to the main topic, a brief subtitle and a summary of important unresolved issues, about 100 references, 4- 6 charts.
Except for the "comments" in the special issue, all "comments" are now only published online.
That is to say, the full text of the "review" will not be included in the paper version of the publication, but only a 550-600 word abstract, including background, progress and prospects.
Probably because of the length of the space.
Moreover, Xu Qiu estimated that the review of "Science" should be exclusive to the big guys.
Anyway, he rarely hears reviews published in Science, nor has he seen reviews published in Science in the field of organic photovoltaics.
The last one is "short comment".
Specifically, it is divided into six categories, including
perspectives
,
books or media reviews
(booksormediareviews),
policy discussions
(polis),
letters
,
eletters
, and
technical Comment" (teents).
"Viewpoint", 1000 words plus 1 picture, needs to highlight recent major scientific developments, but cannot mainly discuss the author's own work. It can provide background for discoveries in a field or explain potential interdisciplinary importance.
At the same time, it is also required that the "point of view" posted should add a dimension to other people's research, not just a summary of experiments described in other people's papers.
In addition, because it is to express personal opinions, with very few exceptions, there should not be more than two authors of "views".
In other words, someone else has posted some articles like s, I come to comment and comment, and express my views on these work.
Of course, not all cats and dogs can put forward their opinions, and they are basically exclusive to big bosses.
"Books or media reviews", up to 800 words, to comment on new books, movies, exhibitions, performances, mobile applications, blogs, and other media that may arouse readers' broad interest.
At the same time, authors are also required to contact the editor before submitting a "book or media review", stating "why do you think this work will interest scientific readers and why you can write a review well."
It seems that there is a bit of a film review in it, and Xu Qiu estimates that it is also exclusive to the big brother.
However, Xu Qiu had never expected this type of submission to be accepted by the journal Science.
"Policy Discussion", 1000-2000 words, 1-2 pictures, 15 references at most, it is required to introduce issues that have policy influence intersections with science and society.
"Letter", up to 300 words, discusses articles published in the journal Science in the past 3 months or issues of general interest.
"E-letter", the electronic version of "letter".
"Technical Review", up to 1000 words, 2 pictures or tables, 15 references, no supplementary materials, only electronic version published, the core conclusions and/or research methods published in the journal "Science" within the previous 3 months comment.
Generally speaking, "short comment" articles have one thing in common, that is, short.
Xu Qiu saw the field of organic photovoltaics, and most of the articles published in "Science" were from "short comments."
This type of article can be regarded as a "Science" article, but compared to the first "research article" and the second "report" format article, the gold content is quite different.
Therefore, in general, researchers who go out to promote the publication of "Science" articles in their research group, others will acquiesce that they are publishing the first type of "research article" or the second type of "report" work.
However, having said that, most of the people who can post "short comments" are also bigwigs, and many of them have published s themselves.
Perhaps "Science" provides the category of "short comment" to allow the big guys to irrigate more on it.
The "irrigation" here is just a figurative metaphor, which is neutral and different from the kind of irrigation in the sci three or four districts.
The "short comment" itself is a bit like a forum. The big guys post comments on it, just like a forum.
After understanding the four submission formats, Xu Qiu didn't struggle for too long, so he directly chose the "report" format, which is about 2500 words and about 3 pages.
Because of the stacked devices he made, the efficiency in the field of organic photovoltaics has been directly promoted to more than 15%, close to the level of 16%, which is a very significant breakthrough.
He didn't need to do his work too meticulously. The main purpose was to attract the attention of other researchers.
If it can attract some research groups whose research direction is vacillating, it would be better to invest in organic photovoltaics.
After all, no matter how great Xu Qiu is alone, it is impossible to finish all the work in the field of organic photovoltaics. It still has to be done by other workers.
The more people entering this industry, the faster the development of this field, the better.
Just like this time when choosing materials for stacked device top cells, some of the materials of my research group were not enough, and some foreign aid materials were needed.
After determining the format of the article, Xu Qiu originally planned to download several "Science" papers in the latest "report" format as templates.
It turns out that it can’t be downloaded. You can only preview basic information such as title, author, abstract, etc. If you want to read the full text, or download the full text pdf of the document, you need to pay.
It occurred to him that the school did not purchase the electronic resources of "Science".
However, the electronic version of many periodicals has a time limit.
In other words, after a certain period of time after the article is published, it will be automatically converted to an open source article. This period may be one year or two years.
Therefore, Xu Qiu looked for previous "Science" papers, downloaded several open source "report" format papers from them, and started to make templates against them.
The format is similar to the previous journals under acs, rsc, and wiley. The main changes are some details:
For example, the labeling of references in the main text is not a common superscript, but a normal font size directly following the sentence, and the common square brackets [] are not used, but parentheses ();
The citation format of the reference itself is also different from other journals. The year needs to be added in parentheses and placed after the page number.
After roughly an hour, Xu Qiu finally completed the preparations before writing the article.
The next step is to construct the general framework of the "Science" thesis.
...
...
...
Three days later.
On Wednesday afternoon, Xu Qiu completed the outline of this "Science" paper.
In the text, he planned a total of three pictures.
The subject of the first picture is "Semi-empirical analysis of the theoretical efficiency of two-terminal stacked organic solar cell devices based on am1.5g standard illumination conditions".
This picture is a more conventional picture in the article on laminated devices, and it is rare in the article on ordinary single-junction devices.
Specifically subdivided into four small pictures a, b, c, d.
Among them, a picture is the core.
Xu Qiu constructed a three-dimensional coordinate system. The three coordinates of xyz are:
x, the external quantum efficiency eqe, from 65% to 85%;
y, the light absorption edge λo of the top cell, which is similar to the maximum wavelength of light that the top cell material can absorb, from 900 to 1200 nanometers;
z, the theoretical photoelectric conversion efficiency pce of the device, from 12% to 30%.
In addition, there is a fourth variable, that is, the energy loss eloss of each sub-cell, which is divided into five levels: 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 eV.
At the same time, it is assumed that the fill factor ff is constant at 0.75.
After calculation, under different sub-cell energy losses, the photoelectric conversion efficiency varies with the external quantum efficiency and the light absorption edge of the top cell.
Because there are five levels of energy loss, there are five curved surfaces in the corresponding three-dimensional coordinate system.
In order to express intuitively, Xu Qiu also dyed the five curved surfaces, from blue to red respectively indicating that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is gradually increasing.
This picture looks relatively high-end, but the calculation process behind it is not complicated.
The light absorption edge of the top cell can be converted into the band gap of the effective layer material by the formula, and the band gap is subtracted from the assumed energy loss to obtain the open circuit voltage.
The band gap is known, the external quantum efficiency is known, and the short-circuit current density can be calculated by integration.
Finally, the fill factor is given 0.75.
Multiply the three to get the final photoelectric conversion efficiency.
The results of theoretical predictions are still relatively good.
Under the condition that the light absorption edge is 1100 nanometers, the external quantum efficiency is 75%, the fill factor is 0.75, and the energy loss is 0.6 eV, the efficiency of the organic photovoltaic stack device can reach 20%!
20%!
However, the ideal is full and the reality is a bit short.
The reality is that each value is about 5% worse than the ideal situation.
For example, the light absorption edge is actually only 1000 nanometers, the external quantum efficiency is only 70%, the fill factor is only 0.70, and the energy loss is 0.65 eV.
As a result, the result in reality is almost 20%0.950.950.950.95=16.3%.
But now it is still less than 16.3%.
However, through the efforts of Xu Qiu's team, it is very close to this value.
The remaining three pictures, b, c, and d, transform the three-dimensional picture a under the three-dimensional coordinate system into a plane picture under the two-dimensional coordinate system.
That is to fix the external quantum efficiency, the light absorption edge of the top cell, and the energy loss of each sub-cell, one of the three variables, and investigate the two-dimensional map of the photoelectric conversion efficiency with the other two variables.
Among them, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is also represented by the previous blue and red colors, and the iso-efficiency line is drawn.
It is worth noting that in these semi-empirical analysis pictures, Xu Qiu always keeps the fill factor constant at 0.75.
On the one hand, it is because the fill factor is relatively special.
Although it is a variable, there are many factors that affect it, and it is not very well optimized and defined. Unlike the short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage, it can be considered directly related to the material forbidden band width.
In theory, the fill factor is mainly affected by the solar cell device itself. The larger the series resistance of the final device, the smaller the parallel resistance, the smaller the fill factor.
But in fact, both the series resistance and the parallel resistance are tested after the film is coated. How to make these two values ​​change as you like before the film is more difficult to achieve.
In other words, the optimization of the device fill factor is almost purely result-oriented.
For systems with relatively small fill factors, the optoelectronic materials and processing techniques used will be automatically eliminated during the development process, or automatically turned into unpopular areas.
For example, the n2200 system of all-polymer organic photovoltaics usually has a relatively low fill factor, even about 0.5 or 0.6. Now there are very few researchers in this field.
On the other hand, it is also because in a three-dimensional map, there can only be three independent variables. If you add a fill factor as a variable, you need to use a four-dimensional coordinate system.
With a four-dimensional coordinate system, Xu Qiu couldn't draw even if he wanted to.
Moreover, although there are currently three independent variables and one dependent variable, there are actually limitations.
One of the independent variables, "the energy loss of each sub-battery" does not change continuously, but fluctuates at intervals of 0.1 electron volts.
If this variable also changes continuously, then the final result is a continuous surface.
Jog into a line, line into a face, and face into a body.
The continuously changing surface is equivalent to a three-dimensional structure.
At this time, the "energy loss of each sub-cell" variable will replace the photoelectric conversion efficiency as the new z coordinate.
The original efficiency of the z-coordinate will "collapse" into a color, or an intensity value, to obtain a true stereo map.
In a two-dimensional space such as paper, it is impossible to express a three-dimensional map such as a "true and three-dimensional map".
This is also the reason for the discontinuous change in the previous "energy loss of each sub-battery".
The second picture, the characterization of the single junction device.
There is not much difference between this article that is usually posted. It is relatively conventional. Xu Qiu tentatively customized four pictures:
The molecular structure of the effective layer materials of the top cell and the bottom cell;
The light absorption spectrum of the effective layer of the top cell and the bottom cell;
The j-v curves of single junction top cell and bottom cell devices;
The eqe curves of single junction top cell and bottom cell devices.
The third picture, the characterization of the stacked device.
Something similar to the second picture, Xu Qiu made six pictures temporarily:
Schematic diagram of the structure of the laminated device;
Energy level structure diagram, including electrode work function, effective layer and transport layer homo/lumo energy level;
A two-dimensional graph of the efficiency of the stacked device with the thickness of the top cell and the bottom cell, similar to the b, c, and d diagrams in the first picture. The photoelectric conversion efficiency is indicated by color and the iso-efficiency line is marked;
J-v characteristic curve of the best stacked device;
The eqe curve of the best laminated device, including two separate eqe curves and the total eqe curve of the two batteries, and a simple analysis of the current loss distribution;
The j-v characteristic curve of the best laminated device under different light intensities.
The three pictures of Xu Qiu have all been drawn.
Among them, the first picture is universal, and the second and third pictures are the original version drawn by Xu Qiu based on the existing system. If the system is updated later, just replace it.
Usually, if you post other articles, you still need to compile stories and talk about your mental journey.
The "Science" that Xu Qiu is about to vote now doesn't need those things, just simply tell the results.
After all, it is supported by the biggest bright spot of device efficiency.
However, the efficiency of stacked devices is only 15%, and Xu Qiu feels that this result is still not shocking enough.
If it can increase 16%, 17%, then it will be relatively stable.
If you can get 20%...
You can probably split one work into two, an article on "Nature" and an article on "Science". There is no need to worry about whether to vote for "Nature" or "Science" first, and publish an article on both sides.
Of course, the value of 20% can only be yy now, and it won't be possible for a while.
When drawing the first "semi-empirical analysis" picture, Xu Qiu also had another idea:
The main reason why Y series materials are not suitable for stacked devices is that they do not have matching top cell materials, that is, organic photovoltaic materials with light absorption edges of 1100 or 1200 nanometers.
If a system that is compatible with it can be developed in the future, it may be a miracle, and the device efficiency may be rushed to 20%.
At that time, the main problem to be solved may be "how to reduce the energy loss of ultra-narrow band gap organic photovoltaic materials".
However, that's something later, the potential of the y-series binary single-knot system has not yet been fully tapped.
Recently, because the computing power allocated to the y-series receptors is relatively small, there has been no dazzling results. The highest efficiency of the y-series receptor system is still stuck at 14.8%.
After the frame of the "Science" article was completed, Xu Qiu did not rush to write the main text, because he planned to invest in a "report" type of work, with only 2500 words.
For Xu Qiu at the current stage, writing this kind of short essay is a matter of minutes, and if it breaks the liver, it can be finished in less than a week.
In addition, because of the "Inorganic Functional Materials" course this Thursday, he needs to spend some time preparing for the ppt report at the end of the term.
Although Xu Qiu didn't plan to put too much energy into the course, he couldn't be completely unprepared. If possible, who wouldn't want his grades to be all A?
The instructor of the "Inorganic Functional Materials" course is named Yu Bing, professor, "Jie Qing".
His research group is mainly related to hydrogen storage materials. There are three or four postdoctoral fellows in the group, so there are still a lot of scientific research results. On average, an article of am and jacs grade can be published every year. Not a lot.
In terms of academic achievements alone, Yu Bing's research group is estimated to be ranked in the top five in the Department of Materials.
As for which group is currently ranked first? Naturally it is the Wei Xingsi group.
Although Yu Bing did a good job in academic work, his reputation in the department was not very good.
On the one hand, it is more push. This is easier to understand and can produce a large number of scientific research results. More than 90% of the atmosphere is biased towards push, just like the current prosperity in China. In fact, to some extent, it is also dependent on When the next generation is supported by high-strength 996.
On the other hand, Yu Bing is also relatively stingy. The consumables in their laboratory, such as disposable gloves, are required to be reused for a week, and they don’t pay a lot of money to students every month. Money, master's degree students only pay 600 yuan for the group.
When Xu Qiu was a scientific researcher, he used to be more confused: why would the tutor not give the students money? How can you send hundreds of dollars to students a month? Did the tutor secretly eat the money?
Later, with in-depth understanding of the scientific research circle, Xu Qiu knew that some tutors did eat money, but the deeper and more common reason was that tutors did not have funds.
Wei Xingsi’s research team, that is, Qing Qian just returned to China and got the top-level start-up funding of almost 300w. It is relatively rich, and the previous expenses in the team have been relatively large. Now four or five years have passed, this batch of funds is almost used up. .
If the new outstanding youth fund or key projects cannot be applied for, they will also face shrinking benefits and materials cannot be bought casually.
Including Wei Xingsi just lowered the reward for posting articles not long ago, this is due to insufficient funds in the group.
In the scientific research circle, as long as it is not the head research group, that is, the research group that applies for key projects and major projects, most research groups are short of money.
It's pretty good to have 800,000 yuan in four years.
The 300w key projects, on the one hand, are not available in all fields, and on the other hand, not everyone can apply. Generally, there are about two places, and researchers in all related fields across the country must compete together.
Among the competitors, there is no shortage of "Yangtze River", "Outstanding Youth", and even academicians.
For example, the key projects related to organic photovoltaics and non-fullerenes are under very competitive pressure. Wei Xingsi was afraid that he was not enough, so he called Gong Yuanjiang together and tried to share 300w together.
As for major projects with tens of millions of funds, ordinary researchers don't need to think about it, it is impossible to get it.
In fact, it is not only the low salary of students, but also the low salary of ordinary green pepper scholars.
If you work in a first-tier city like Magic City, ordinary green pepper scholars will basically work hard for a lifetime, and they may not be able to buy a house.
Even if the school has allocated houses, most of them have restrictions. For example, there are transaction restrictions that cannot be bought and sold at will, the property rights do not belong to oneself, or a policy similar to "people take the house to collect" and so on.
Perhaps the salary issue is also one of the reasons why it is difficult for the domestic scientific research circle to produce Nobel-level results and cannot retain high-end scientific research talents.
According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, the inner power of individual growth and development is motivation.
Motivation is composed of a variety of needs of different natures, and there is a sequence and a distinction between high and low levels among various needs; the needs and satisfactions of each level will determine the state or degree of individual personality development.
Maslow divides people's needs from low to high into physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, respect needs and self-realization needs.
Scientific research belongs to the highest fifth level of self-realization needs, while the property-related needs such as houses belong to the second level of security needs.
The safety requirements of the second level are difficult to meet, so if you chase the requirements of the fifth level, the motivation will obviously be greatly reduced.
This is why it is said that
scientific research is more suitable for rich families
.
Given this problem, if the country raises the salaries of scientific researchers in general, so that they can feel at ease in scientific research, can there be improvements?
Xu Qiu estimated that the same would be difficult to achieve.
Many domestic systems or route choices are actually "taking history as a mirror".
For example, my country has the world's largest anti-drug force because of that humiliating history.
This improvement in the treatment of scientific researchers is somewhat similar to the historical Song Dynasty's "high salary to nourish integrity".
At that time, the Song Dynasty implemented this system, and the ultimatum turned into "high salary to nourish corruption", which greatly increased the loss of the country, and finally became a major incentive for the decline of the Song Dynasty.
Therefore, the work within the domestic system is destined to not be very high, because it is afraid that similar situations will occur and the money will be spent, but there will be no effect, and it will also cause a great loss of resources.
However, although the road to scientific research is difficult, someone still needs to do it.
Otherwise, how to achieve scientific and technological progress, how to achieve a great rejuvenation?
Just like 3,000 points for A-shares, there must always be patriots to take over for the country.
Therefore, colleges and universities like Magic University will tend to retain undergraduates of science and engineering and continue to do research in the school.
But there will be a problem, that is, the school has forcibly fooled many students who are not suitable for scientific research into the scientific research industry.
This is also one of the causes of various chaos in the current scientific research circle.
For many college students, especially those who have come from small cities or rural areas, they are blank in career planning and have only a relatively vague concept of employment.
Because the course of employment is not taught in schools, it can basically only be cultivated through self-study and family education, but it is not so easy to learn and understand this knowledge spontaneously.
These ignorant and ignorant juniors and seniors are like a blank sheet of paper. When they are faced with the choice of graduation, if they are fooled by a teacher they trust in the school, they are likely to be unsure whether they are suitable for scientific research. At that time, he was on board the thief ship.
Once the research is guaranteed, the school immediately blocked the students' retreat.
For example, transcripts cannot be printed (to prevent students from going abroad), and tripartite agreements cannot be printed (to prevent students from getting employed).
At the same time, during the postgraduate period, the tutor was also given very large permissions (to prevent students from drawing water).
In fact, Xu Qiu feels that the school is obligated to let students who are considering graduate studies know the specific situation of scientific research in advance, and then let the students make choices.
The method is not difficult, just set up a compulsory course similar to "Into Scientific Research".
However, the status quo is that most schools will not tell the students about this situation, and will only let the students taste it themselves.
Obviously, everyone knows that once this matter is openly announced and openly stated, the rate of guaranteeing research at Mordu Comprehensive University will definitely be greatly reduced, which is not conducive to the influx of high-quality students into the "clear water yamen" of scientific research.
It can be said that the school is hitting a bad news, taking advantage of the information mismatch between the student and the school.
Because as individual natural persons, they are naturally self-interested. Once they know that choosing employment rather than scientific research can bring them more benefits, they will tend to choose employment.
But the country needs to think from the perspective of the entire civilization and let some people make choices that are not self-interested.
In other words, in many cases someone must make sacrifices, but once things are clear, no one is willing to sacrifice.
Xu Qiu found that when understanding an industry in depth, sometimes it is indeed pessimistic.
Many problems are right there, bright, but they just can't be solved.
This may be why some people say "all walks of life are like a besieged city, people inside want to go out, people outside want to come in".
Although because of his system, there is a high probability that these pessimistic things will not happen to him, but it is still quite entangled to see some students who are stuck in the quagmire.
Including roommate Sun Yifan, they have already found their way through live broadcast.
Not only that, Xu Qiu also heard Sun Yifan say a few days ago that he felt that he was not suitable for scientific research, and he wanted to talk to a tutor, and changed his status as a direct Ph.D student to a master of science or a professional master, but he had not gathered the courage yet. To speak.
Xu Qiu didn't know how to respond to him.
Of course, there are positives and negatives in everything.
Although the road to scientific research is difficult, it is at least a avenue that opens up to the sky, with a complete sequence of advancements.
Moreover, for people with self-realization needs, scientific research is a very good choice. They can constantly explore the boundaries of nature and explore the boundaries of themselves.
In the class of "Inorganic Functional Materials", students made ppt reports one after another.
The final grade of this course will be decided by the students and teachers.
Each student in the class will get a score sheet, and then score based on the performance of each student reported.
Finally, the teacher collects the score sheet of everyone, deducts a minimum score and a maximum score, and averages it. This part accounts for 50% of the total score.
The other 50% points are given by the instructor Yu Bing.
This kind of assessment system is relatively fair, because most graduate students have no intersection.
And there is no interest, UU reading www.uukanshu.com can give a relatively pertinent evaluation.
Just like Xu Qiu, even half of the new classmates in the class can't be named.
Even some students majoring in materials physics or electronic science and technology who came to the undergraduate program together, he may not be able to name them.
However, the others basically know Xu Qiu at the same time, after all, Xu Qiu is now well-known in the department.
Even when Xu Qiu walks in Caiyi's corridor, there will always be classmates he doesn't know nod to him.
If others take the initiative to say hello, you can't ignore it.
Therefore, Xu Qiu pretended to know each other every time, and responded with a smile, nodding his head, and muttering in his heart: "Who is this guy? I seem to have encountered it several times."
ps: 4D update, ask for monthly pass, target one thousand monthly pass, now it is still more than two hundred...
High-speed text hand typing I have a list of chapters of the scientific research assistance system