Chapter 463: The first draft of "Science" is completed, Wei Xingsi's proposal

In the next few days, Xu Qiu focused on writing "Science" articles.
Finally, on Wednesday afternoon, he completed the first draft version of the article.
The reason why Xu Qiu was in such a hurry was mainly because he was afraid that other research groups in the country or the world would stab him in secret, and give him a backstab at a critical moment.
After all, as long as the scientific research results are not officially implemented, any changes are possible.
The title of the "Science" article is: "Organic tandem solar cells prepared by solution method with an efficiency of [16%]"
Although the actual efficiency has not yet reached 16%, Xu Qiu first filled in 16% and highlighted it. Later, if the efficiency is updated, it can be modified.
This is also the goal Xu Qiu has set for himself. As long as the efficiency is not 16% a day, he will not submit papers for a day.
Originally, if the Forrest group's articles were not published, the current 15% may barely be enough.
Unfortunately, there is no if, now that the other party publishes an article first, then one's own work must be significantly stronger than them before they have the opportunity to be listed in the CNS.
Otherwise, after doing it for a long time, I can only publish an article of "Nature", which is a waste of so much effort.
The author order of this article is slightly different from the previous article "Nature·Energy":
One is Xu Qiu, two is Mo Wenlin, three is Wu Shengnan, four is Han Jiaying, five is Xu Xinjie, six is ​​Yin Houlang, seven is Chen Wanqing, eight is Gong Yuanjiang, and nine is Wei Xingsi with communication.
This time I didn't use TAS and other laser analysis methods, so I didn't bring Sweden Feng Shengdong with them, only Gong Yuanjiang.
There is nothing to say about the one, two and three games, and they are ranked completely according to the degree of contribution.
School girl, um... she ranked herself fourth through some "deals".
Xu Xinjie and Yin Houlang are two undergraduates. The former spends more time in Handan, so they participate in the production of laminated devices more often and contribute more than the latter.
The elder sister basically didn't take part in the experiment. After all, she is busy working all day, so Xu Qiu put her at the end, and then let her help to change the article.
I just hope she won't help...
Don't help...
Unhelpful...
In the original version, because the full text was limited to about 2500 words, the number of words in the abstract was also reduced, and short language must be used to highlight the core.
Xu Qiu only wrote four sentences:
"Although organic solar cells have many advantages, their performance is still far behind other photovoltaic devices."
"The root cause of its poor performance is the low charge mobility of organic photovoltaic materials, which limits the effective layer thickness and effective light absorption range."
"In this work, under the guidance of semi-empirical model analysis, we used the diversity of organic photovoltaic materials and the easy-to-control energy level structure to overcome these problems by using a tandem cell strategy."
"Finally, we achieved a record-breaking [16%] photoelectric conversion efficiency in a two-terminal double-junction organic photovoltaic device."
The abstract part is relatively concise, and the following introduction part, Xu Qiu also refined the language, divided into two paragraphs for background introduction.
Among them, the first paragraph is mainly a description of the current situation in the field of organic photovoltaics.
Xu Qiu first blew a wave: "Organic photovoltaic devices are considered to be a very promising option for solving people's growing demand for renewable energy because of their low cost, high flexibility, and large-area printing production. .(1, 2)

Here he cited two articles, one is a review article published in Prog.Polym.Sci. (a review of chemistry, the top issue of the first district, with an impact factor of 20+), and the other is published in "Science" Short commentary article.
Generally, the reference documents that can be listed in "Science" articles are basically documents at the level of "Science", "Nature", and "Nature", and the worst must be documents of the same level as AM.
Normally, the proportions of "Science", "Nature", and "Nature" big journals will reach as much as 50% of the total number of references.
This can also be regarded as an unspoken rule in literature citation:
For journals of any grade, they tend to cite literature from similar journals of the same grade.
The reason behind this is that editors have a more favorable impression of citing articles from journals of the same name.
For example, if you vote for AM, there are 10 AM, 10 AEM, and AFM in the 40 references. The editor is absolutely happy, and the probability of passing the article is slightly higher.
Because some journal editors have performance requirements similar to KPIs, how much the impact factor needs to be increased each year.
Especially for new publications, the early impact factor is very important.
The impact factor of the previous period largely determines the future of a new journal. If the impact factor of the new journal only has an impact factor of 2 or 3 in the first year, if you want to surpass 10 and reach a regional journal, you don’t need to think about it.
Even for some journals that do not have hard performance requirements, their editors always hope that the impact factor of their journals will be higher and higher.
Of course, this unspoken rule of quoting documents is just a tendency. When actually writing an article, you still have to make specific decisions based on your own circumstances.
For example, if you want to use IDIC-M in this "Science" work, you must quote the corresponding document, even if the corresponding document is a document in the second or even the third district, then the citation must also be cited.
However, if it is in some cases where multiple citations are possible, it is better to cite documents of the same name or of the same grade.
When Xu Qiu submitted his manuscript before, he did not encounter any situation where the manuscript was directly rejected by the editor because he did not cite the document of the same name.
However, Xu Qiu heard Wei Xingsi say that he had encountered it. At that time, the journal editor sent a letter to Teacher Wei and said very directly: "Please cite as many journals under our RSC as possible..."
Next, Xu Qiu summarized the progress in the field of organic photovoltaics: "In the past ten years, the performance of organic photovoltaic devices has made substantial breakthroughs. The highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of single-junction devices has increased from about 5% to the present. 13% of (3, 4).
These two papers are the work of IDIC-M and IDIC-4F published by myself, and I would like to mention two self-citations.
No way, no one else has reported that an organic photovoltaic single-junction system with an efficiency of more than 13%, otherwise Xu Qiu will definitely bring others along.
After talking about the advantages, Xu Qiu immediately put forward the current problems in the field of organic photovoltaics:
"However, the performance of organic photovoltaic devices still lags far behind other photovoltaic devices mainly based on inorganic materials."
"This leaves the impression that the performance limit of organic photovoltaic cells is lower than that of devices based on inorganic materials."
"The fundamental reason is the low charge mobility of organic photovoltaic materials, which limits the effective layer thickness of the device and effective solar light absorption."
At this point, the first paragraph is over.
To sum up, the first paragraph of the writing idea is to write about the advantages of the big area first, then the current progress of the big area, and finally the shortcomings of the big area.
However, it is worth noting that the last "deficiency" here cannot be mentioned casually, and must be connected with the following text.
In other words, this "deficiency" must be completely or partially resolved by this work.
For example, the shortcoming mentioned here is "the thickness of the effective layer of the device and the effective solar light absorption are limited", then the next stacking strategy just solves this problem.
It would be inappropriate to mention
the actual cost of the current organic photovoltaic materials is relatively high
, or
the use of halogen-containing solvents is harmful to the environment
, it is not appropriate, although they are objectively the shortcomings of the current organic photovoltaics.
These two shortcomings can be put in the introduction to the work that highlights "low-cost organic photovoltaic materials" and "non-halogen solvents", such as the later PTQ series donors and devices processed with environmentally friendly solvents.
In the second paragraph that follows, Xu Qiu inherited the content of the first paragraph, mainly talking about the stacking strategy, that is, trying to solve the "deficiencies" proposed at the end of the first paragraph.
The general idea is also similar to the first paragraph. First write about the advantages of the subdivision field of stacked devices, then write the current progress in the subdivision field, and then write about the deficiencies in the subdivision field, and finally lead to my own work.
Xu Qiu first summed up: "The stacking strategy is an effective way to solve various problems faced by organic photovoltaic devices at the same time, and it is also very suitable for the field of organic photovoltaics."
Then, I began to elaborate on the "stacking strategy and organic photovoltaics complement each other", that is, the advantages of stacking:
"On the one hand, by stacking effective layers with complementary light absorption in the tandem cell, broad and effective light absorption can be achieved, thereby solving the problem of the thickness limitation of the single junction cell due to the low mobility of organic optoelectronic materials."
"On the other hand, the diversity of organic photovoltaic materials in materials can meet the needs of materials with different energy level structures and light absorption properties in laminated devices. You can also design and develop the required optoelectronic materials according to actual needs. "
Then, the progress of laminated devices can just be cited directly from the newly published articles of the Forrest research group.
"In fact, stacked devices are also widely used in the field of organic photovoltaics, and have achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of about 14%."
Then, the current problems of laminated devices are proposed.
"At present, the main reason hindering the further improvement of the performance of stacked organic photovoltaic devices is that the light absorption range still cannot cover the entire solar spectrum. This is due to the lack of ultra-narrow band gap materials for top cells. Most of these materials can only It absorbs photons with an energy of about 1.3 eV, that is, light with a wavelength of less than 900 nanometers."
The Forrest research group's article, which was just praised by name, was once again pulled out by Xu Qiu to "hit out".
The BT-CIC near-infrared non-fullerene receptor used by the Forrest research group has a light absorption range of only 900 nanometers, which is a "negative teaching material."
And Xu Qiu's own system, whether it is -4F or COi8DFIC, can be expanded to 1000 nanometers, which is in sharp contrast with the work of the Forrest group.
"On the other hand, it is also because the light absorption of each sub-cell overlaps and/or the short-circuit current density is mismatched, which results in the current limitation of the laminated device."
This is a general problem of laminated devices, it is written mainly to lead to the next semi-empirical analysis, through the semi-empirical analysis to solve the problem of current mismatch.
Although in fact, we may make the device first, and then supplement the semi-empirical analysis, that is, "there is the result first, then the theory".
But when writing an article, in order to complete the story, it is usually necessary to say it the other way around, that is, "theory first, then the result".
At this point, the background has basically been explained.
Next, it was "our turn to perform". Following that, Xu Qiu briefly summarized his work in one sentence:
"Under the guidance of the above analysis and semi-empirical analysis, we report a solution process, two-terminal double-junction organic photovoltaic device, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is [16%]."
Since then, the introduction ends.
If you analyze it carefully, the whole story in the introduction can be composed of seven parts:
The benefits of the large field of organic photovoltaics, the current progress, the existing problems, the benefits of the small field of laminated devices that solve the problems, the current progress, the existing problems, how do we work NB.
In fact, it is somewhat routine.
But this is the same as the net writing routines. Although many routines are relatively old, they are useful.
After the text, it is quite satisfactory.
Xu Qiu mainly analyzed the three pictures previously planned.
Of course, although there are only three main text pictures, other characterization experiments are also required, but they are included in the supporting information.
A total of more than a dozen pictures and tables were inserted into the supporting information by Xu Qiu.
Due to space limitations, these characterization tests only need to mention a few sentences in the main text, and do not need to be described in detail.
The only characterization experiment that is currently missing is the third-party inspection of photoelectric performance, which needs to be sent to the NIM of the Institute of Metrology and Research.
However, this data is not available for the time being, because the efficiency of the device for sampling and testing must match the report in the article.
In other words, when the device efficiency reaches 16%, samples can be sent for testing.
At the end of the article, Xu Qiu temporarily cited more than 30 references.
Among them, "Nature" and "Science" add up to six citations.
However, they are all short reviews. Xu Qiu has not seen the publication of "Nature" or "Science" articles about experimental work in the field of organic photovoltaics in recent years.
The number of "Nature" big magazines is eight.
On the one hand, there are still a lot of work published in the "Nature" Dazi magazine for laminated devices, with six articles.
On the other hand, it also includes "Nature·Materials" by Xu Zhenghong's previous IDTBR materials, and "Nature·Energy" just published by himself.
NC has four articles, including one by his own research group, one by Xu Zhenghong, and two published by two foreign research groups.
In the NC article of his own research group, Xu Qiu cited the H43 donor material work by Xuemei, but did not quote his own 3D-PDI article.
After all, the school girl's article about wide bandgap donors is still related to the research field. My own article is about PDI, and the research field is too ugly. It is too ugly to quote.
The remaining less than 20 references are basically AM-level articles.
All references cited are articles in District One carefully selected by Xu Qiu, and none of them are in District Two.
In the process of quoting, Xu Qiu tried his best to get all the rain and dew on the research groups in other related fields except for his own research group.
This is also the unspoken rule of the scientific research circle.
In order to avoid unnecessary trouble, when publishing an article, especially a high-quality article, the references cited should cover as many researchers as possible in the subdivisions.
Otherwise, maybe your article will be in the hands of others, and the other party will glance at the references and see that you do not cite my article, so they will reject you without thinking...
Moreover, objectively speaking, it is indeed necessary to quote all relevant researchers' work.
Because, when doing a job, you must read a lot of articles in this field.
After reading other people's articles, when designing experiments or writing articles, you will use other people's ideas more or less, and sometimes you may not even know it.
It seems that others are not helping you, but in fact you are already standing on the shoulders of others.
From a moral point of view, we must also thank others for their contributions.
How can I be thankful? Quoting their articles.
After the references, the author's specific contributions must be listed in top journals.
Xu Qiu marked each person's actual contribution.
As for the younger sister, she is the same as the younger sister, and then let them all help modify the final version of the article.
After completing the first draft of the "Science" article, Xu Qiu copied it to a USB flash drive and went to 218 to report to Wei Xingsi.
When Wei Xingsi received the news, he took the USB flash drive from Xu Qiu's hand with a smile of joy, and said, "It's pretty fast. Come and see it."
Because there are only 2500 words and the length is relatively short, Wei Xingsi chose to read it all at once.
About ten minutes later, Wei Xingsi finished reading. He took a long breath and said, "Very good, very good, very good, now I don’t need to change your article..."
After a pause, Wei Xingsi continued: "The work efficiency is poor, 16%... we should be able to do it."
Xu Qiu pondered, nodded and said, "It's possible with a high probability."
Wei Xingsi gave an "um" and was silent for about five seconds. He suddenly turned to look at Xu Qiu and said: "If this "Science" article can be published smoothly, I can give you an answer to the related articles in the field of organic photovoltaics in the research group. You hang up the corresponding author...I only need this separate communication."
Xu Qiu raised his eyebrows and looked at Wei Xingsi.
Seeing that Teacher Wei didn't seem to be testing, Xu Qiu nodded, "Okay."
According to the usual practice, only a very strong post-doctoral post, or a small boss of the research group who already has a formal teaching position, has the opportunity to get the treatment of one job plus communication.
Like Cao, who published five consecutive "Nature" before, the four "Nature" he published earlier, because he is a PhD student at MIT, he is only the first author, not the corresponding author.
It was not until the fifth "Nature" that Cao obtained the status of co-corresponding author of a work.
When the corresponding author took it, it basically showed that the researcher was already a relatively independent researcher.
The performance in the academic circle is to formally strip off the identity of the student and become an existence on the same level as the tutor in the true sense.
Now, Xu Qiu is very close to this step.
Of course, the premise is that his "Science" can be published smoothly.
After Wei Xingsi left a copy of the "Science" article, Xu Qiushun took a bottle of Paris water and retreated back to 216.
The writing of the "Science" article has come to an end for the time being. The next main task is to increase the stacking efficiency from 15.5% to over 16%.
However, Xu Qiu didn't immediately participate in the experiment, because he still had an exam this Thursday, and he hadn't reviewed it at all before, so he needed to prepare.
The exam on Thursday is an open-book "Composite Materials". Although the content of this course has become more in-depth at the graduate level, and the courseware has been replaced with a pure English courseware, the specific content is actually very different from that of the undergraduate.
Xu Qiu estimates that the part of this course that has been studied during the undergraduate period accounts for more than 70%, and the graduate level only adds less than 30% of advanced knowledge.
This is why Xu Qiu only gave this class and arranged less than one day for review time.
On Thursday, Xu Qiu took the printed courseware and the prepared catalog to the examination room to start the examination.
The teacher of this course is Xu Qiu's undergraduate counselor, Yu Qiang.
Xu Qiu is quite familiar with Qiang, and the characteristic of the test questions issued by the other party is that the amount of questions is very large.
This time is no exception. I got a test paper on the front and back, densely packed, all with small scores.
Fortunately, Xu Qiu's test-taking ability is very strong, and he is very handy in this situation.
The test time is 90 minutes. In about 60 minutes, Xu Qiu has already done the last question. The first 90 points can basically get 85 points or more.
However, seeing the last 10-point question, Xu Qiu sighed with emotion in his heart: "Yu Qiang is kind of a chicken thief."
The 90-point questions in the front can be found directly in the courseware. Some of them may be hidden, but you can find them carefully.
For the remaining 10 points, what Yu Qiang did not have in the courseware was what Yu Qiang said separately in class.
Fortunately, Xu Qiu didn't fully paddle in that class. He listened a little bit and left a vague impression. Combining his understanding of composite materials, he answered the question smoothly and estimated that he could get more than half of the score.
Add up to 90 points, and an A basically didn't run.
Xu Qiu can also understand Teacher Yu Qiang's approach, and the other party hopes that those who have paid serious attention in class will have some rewards.
But how should I put it, Xu Qiu undergraduate has already taken the course of the same name once, and now he is studying again, even if he doesn't take the class seriously, he may be ahead of the students from other schools who take the course seriously. UU reading www.uukanshu.com
Moreover, there are differences in test-taking ability between people.
With the same efforts, some people went to Qingbei University, and some people were exhausted and might not even pass the undergraduate exam.
In other words, fairness is relative.
PS: The major magazines of "Nature" related to organic photovoltaics mainly include "Nature·Materials", "Nature·Energy" and "Nature·Photoelectricity". There were several places where "Nature·Photoelectricity" was wrongly written as "Nature· Optics", but because the VIP chapter is troublesome to change, I need to find an editor to apply for permission, so I won’t change it. Of course, this translation is also my own translation, in fact, very few people speak Chinese, and they usually speak English directly, NaturePhotonics. Among them, the translation of Photonics is optoelectronics, photonics, photonics, optoelectronics.
PS2: On March 29-31, there will be a double monthly pass for three consecutive days...Although the monthly pass for this month is now over 1,000, there is a high probability that you will not be able to get 2000+, but you still have to ask for the ticket, so everyone understands of……
High-speed text hand typing I have a list of chapters of the scientific research assistance system