Chapter 308: Reservoir and cement

The trenching and canalization work in East Frisian Land was carried out in an orderly manner. With the participation of more than 10,000 laborers and Marin's lack of food, things went very smoothly.
When the engineering team dug a ditch and connected the main river, Marin immediately invited artisans to set up a Dutch windmill and began to pump the water from the swamp lake next to the ditch into the ditch and drain it to the main river. The sea.
However, recently John the Gunsmith and Gunners jointly submitted their opinions and asked Marin to build a high reservoir to facilitate their use of hydraulic forging hammers.
Because East Friesland is a small seaside country, the channels of all rivers are downstream here, the water level difference is too low to drive the hydraulic forging hammer at all, and the conditions on Bitsel Island are not good.
There is only one way to do this, and that is to build a high reservoir manually. The water in the river is pumped into the high reservoir first, and then the water is pushed down through the gate to drive the hydraulic forging hammer.
Because of the large number of blacksmiths, the scale is large. Therefore, the reservoir to be built cannot be too small. Otherwise, hydraulic hammersmiths are not enough.
In desperation, Marin had no choice but to arrange the construction of the reservoir. But this year, building a reservoir is very troublesome. Generally speaking, if a reservoir is built based on a valley, it will be relatively simple, as long as the valley mouth is blocked, a reservoir can be formed. But it is very difficult to build high reservoirs on the plain. Because all sides of the reservoir are artificially created. And in order to be strong, a lot of stones are needed ...
Therefore, the construction of a large reservoir on a flat ground is no less than the construction of a small city. But Marin had to repair it, after all, he really wanted to develop industry. In the foundry industry, there is a great demand for hydraulic forging hammers. Therefore, Marin has to build not only a reservoir but also a large reservoir.
As for pumping water from a low position to a high position, it's very simple, just make a few more Dutch windmills and keep pumping. The most important thing is that a lot of stone is needed around the reservoir.
Obviously, East Frisian has no stone. If you want stone, you have to buy it at nearby business centers such as Hamburg and Bremen. These places are commodity distribution centers, and stone is also abundant. The price is more expensive. On the average, a neatly processed stone requires 0.2 Finney. Ten stones are worth a day's salary for a civilian.
In fact, the stone itself is not valuable, but the craftsman's salary is valuable. A stone was mined from a deep mountain. The wages of the quarry workers must be paid first, and then the footman who transported the stone required money. Then, the artisans who processed the stone also demanded money. Finally, the merchant who transported the stone for sale also wanted a profit. Then, a worthless stone, after many people's hands, turned into a 0.2 Finney piece. At the same time, the price of a brick, which is less than 0.1 Finney, is also very expensive. However, the stone was transported from the mountain by the attendants, plus the freight, and the stone was stronger than the brick. Therefore, the price of stone is twice that of bricks.
Eventually, Marin thought about it and decided to build a high-level reservoir of one square kilometer. In order to save costs, it is better to use bricks for the rest of the foundation and the surrounding wall. Because bricks are cheap. You know, this is a 1 square kilometer reservoir, and the bricks and stones needed are also amazing. Not only must the surrounding area be fenced, bricks should also be laid at the bottom of the reservoir to avoid serious water seepage in the reservoir.
However, no matter whether it is piled with stones or bricks, water leakage is inevitable. Unless, the gap between cement and stone or brick is closed ...
"Yeah, why did I forget the cement?" Marin patted his head and immediately made another decision ...
Marlin is very familiar with the formula of cement. The simplest cement is Portland cement, which is 3 to 1 of limestone and clay. However, the quality of this formulation of cement is average. Therefore, the later cement and limestone remained unchanged, but the clay was replaced with materials containing other metal components such as iron ore, bauxite, and various types of to improve the quality of cement.
Moreover, Marin, who had played in the cement factory in town before, knew that there is a very important part of burning cement, which is adding fluorite. Adding fluorite, however, greatly reduces the temperature required for firing the cement. Its effect is similar to adding sodium carbonate when firing glass, which lowers the firing temperature.
If you don't know the secret of adding fluorite, burning cement will become difficult. Because, the temperature of firing cement is more than 1000 degrees. If fluorite is not added, it can only be achieved by using high-calorie coal and high-temperature equipment such as a steelmaking furnace.
If you want to use ordinary shaft kiln to burn cement, unless coal is used as fuel, if you do not add fluorite and use firewood as fuel, it will be difficult to achieve the required high temperature.
For those novels, Marin scoffed at using a clay kiln casually, using a 3 to 1 formula of limestone and clay to easily burn cement slabs. The earth kiln uses firewood as fuel, which can not reach a high temperature of 1,000 or more Baidu. Do n’t use fluorite, do n’t even want to burn it. Unless you, like the Englishman who invented cement in the 19th century, used coal directly as fuel. Even in the first half of the 20th century, fluorite was commonly used as a catalyst in cement plants. Only in the late 20th century, because of environmental protection and advanced equipment, fluorite was gradually eliminated. Equipment in the 20th century requires fluorite. You can burn out qualified cement with firewood in an ancient clay kiln. Marin is drunk too ...
Cement plants in later generations are prone to pollution because fluorite contains fluorine. Therefore, fluorite was gradually abandoned. However, it is also because the subsequent firing equipment can easily get enough high temperature, so fluorite can be discarded.
Furthermore, fired cement does not have high requirements for fluorite, and does not require high-purity fluorite. Any purity fluorite can be used, and the amount is not large. Fluorite is now easily available in Hamburg and Bremen.
So Marin planned to start firing ordinary cement. Moreover, knowing the secret of adding fluorite, even if other people know the main formula of cement, it is difficult to burn qualified cement. Unless, they use high-quality coal with high calorific value as fuel.
The benefits of cement are self-evident. Reservoirs in later generations use cement. However, ordinary cement is not water resistant. Building a reservoir is naturally unusable.
恰 But as it happens, Marin knew that fly ash cement is a kind of cement suitable for reservoir construction. In fact, cement is usually used in the construction of reservoirs and dams. However, Marin does not know what to use and how to calculate it. What's more, Marin does not have large steel and metallurgical plants and lacks slag.
However, Marin is so rich. Fly ash is the ash residue that remains after the coal is burned. Do n’t have too much Marin cooking salt center. I do n’t know what to do.
I happen to be, now he wants to build a reservoir. Fly ash cement is the best choice for building reservoirs and docks. Mainly, Marin didn't know the formula of those cements. He knew about fly ash cement, because the cement factory in their town produced this cement. According to his knowledge, fly ash cement is limestone, fly ash, a small amount of gypsum and fluorite, ground, and fired in a vertical kiln. He doesn't know the specific formula, but he knows that the amount of fly ash is not more than 40% and not less than 20%. Both gypsum and fluorite are minor and auxiliary. For the rest, you can try a few times to find the best ratio.
After thinking about it, Marin chose a group of serfs who could burn bricks among his serfs. In a remote place, he built a brick-fired vertical kiln and began to try to burn fly ash cement.
In fact, Marin did not worry about the failure of cement firing because he knew the secret of fluorite. What he is trying now is the best mix of cement. After all, he only knew that the content of fly ash accounted for 20% to 40% of the total, and did not know the specific proportion. Gypsum and fluorite are also in small amounts. I do n’t know how much. After all, who knows how to cross in the future? If he had known it, he would have been inquiring about the specific match in the process of going to Zhenshang Cement Plant in junior high school ...
However, because of intending to burn fly ash cement, Marin decided to stop buying stones and only buy bricks. After all, buying bricks can be half cheaper. Then, buy some raw materials like limestone, fluorite, gypsum. However, these raw materials are purchased by different people, and each person is only responsible for purchasing one item. In particular, fluorite needs to be purchased separately to avoid the buyer getting all the formula materials. It's not that Marin doesn't believe in his people ~ EbookFREE.me ~ It's that after Marin made the cement, others will definitely go to the place where he purchased the raw materials. If Marin had all the recipes purchased by one person, anyone who knew the news would easily get the corresponding recipes. And to buy separately, different people are responsible for different materials procurement, it is very difficult to inquire. Moreover, fluorite and gypsum are unobtrusive because of their small amounts, and Marin intends to let his men buy quietly, it is difficult for others to know ...
Concrete bricks with cement are as strong as ordinary stones. In addition, cement fills the gap, which can fully avoid seepage and leakage. This is very important for the reservoir ...
It's just that even if you buy bricks and build a one-square-kilometer high reservoir, the investment is huge, which can be scary. In one calculation, building a one-square-kilometer reservoir requires millions of gold coins ...
Marin was scared to almost get down. After that, he immediately lowered the standard and reduced the area of ​​one square kilometer to 0.2 square kilometers, which was 5 times. This is the case. It also costs about 200,000 gold coins, which makes Marin so painful ... Fortunately, he plans to use cement and bricks. If stone is used, even a small reservoir of 0.2 square kilometers will cost 400,000 gold coins. Scary ...
It's no wonder that even if a reservoir is built later, it is also a dam that only needs to be built on one or both sides. For other directions, use a small amount of material. Marinxiu's Plain High Reservoir must be repaired on all sides, and the foundation must be laid. It is not surprising that the investment is small ...
If it wasn't for his firm support for the development of industry, Marin would have been scared back by this huge investment. However, for the development of industry, Marin still gritted his teeth and built this expensive plain high-level reservoir to facilitate the large-scale use of hydraulic hammers by craftsmen ...