Chapter 80: Winter wheat

In the days after the bumper harvest, how to sell excess grain has become a major issue on the island.
Leaving aside the church's 200 yogur rye, Marin and his men had a total of 2,800 yogur rye (the other 200 yoge planted oats) and produced 8.4 million pounds of rye. However, there are only 6,000 people on the island. Even if the average person consumes 500 pounds of rye per year, it only needs 3 million pounds, which is 5.4 million pounds.
Marin thought about it and decided to take out 5 million pounds and pull it out for sale. Each pound of rye is worth 1 Finney, 5 million pounds, and worth 5 million Finnes, equivalent to more than 83,000 Ducat gold coins.
Originally, Marin intended to sell directly to the Wiggins Chamber of Commerce. However, Kohler, who had walked outside and was very knowledgeable, told Marin that European food prices were very uneven.
He heard a Jewish businessman say that European food prices are the cheapest on the Eastern European plains. In Lviv, Poland (now Ukraine), rye prices are only 0.5 fennie per pound because of the richness of grain in black land; rye prices in the German region are 1 fenny per pound; in England, 1.5 fennies ( Pence) per pound; France is about the same as Germany; but in Spain during the same period, wheat prices were high. It is said that the price of rye in Barcelona is as high as 2 fennies per pound, and the price of wheat is as high as 10 fennies per pound. The Italian region was originally an important food producing region. But because of the two years of war, food prices have also started to soar, compared with some in Spain ...
That said, if you ship these rye to Spain, you can double your profits. Having said that, Marin was also depressed. Because-he has no ocean-going ship ...
It takes a long sea to transport rye to Spain. Be careful not only of the Atlantic waves but also the attacks of pirates. These days, the sea is not calm. By sea, there is a high possibility that pirates will be watching. Unless, your ship is an armed merchant ship.
But, Marin now has only a few boats and can't go far ...
In desperation, Marin was painful and decided to sell the wheat to England opposite him. England is very close to Texel, only a few hundred kilometers away. Although Marin did not have a large ship, he could hire a larger merchant ship and pull the wheat for sale in England.
Food prices in England are high, with retail prices for rye as high as 1.5 pence a pound. Even at the wholesale price, there are 1.2 pence a pound. If it is sold in the German region, it can only be sold at a maximum of 0.8 Finney. Pull to England for half the price.
Of course, because of French sanctions on Texel, Marin could not use the name of Texel to ship food to England.
For this reason, Marin sent Kohler to buy out a few poor Jewish merchants and asked them to come forward and set up a "North Sea Chamber of Commerce" in Amsterdam. Then, under the name of "North Sea Chamber of Commerce", a sea vessel was hired and rye was shipped to England for sale.
Although the British have imposed import tariffs of 6p per pound, these are not worth comparing with the food price gap in England and Germany.
Moreover, the British currency is relatively full, and it is almost the same as the fullest value of the imperial currency issued by the Holy Roman Empire. Unlike the princes of northern Germany, the bad money was misused. For example, Empire Finney contains about half the silver content of British pennies. The local Finneys issued in Trier, Cologne and other places have far less than 25% silver content and almost become copper coins ...
Because of the unification of the national government in the UK, the coinage power belongs to the royal family, plus the British royal family is not as shameless as the royal family, so the currency minted is relatively sufficient. Therefore, the British economy has always been stable. Trade with Britain is also a good way.
No matter whether they are British or French, they have not found that this so-called "North Sea Chamber of Commerce" is actually owned by Marin. Therefore, the French's economic sanctions have failed ...
It is no wonder that Marin experienced the economic tide of Huaxia in the later generations. Although he did not master such things as drilling holes, he threw eight people from the Middle Ages. French sanctions, Marin simply changed the "shell" of Texel goods, and the French caught blind ...
These days, there are no special agents or spies in European countries, and transportation and communications are extremely inconvenient. Marin had something to do, and even if it was blatant, it would take a long time for France to want to know. What's more, Marin did it quietly. The French wanted to figure it out, and God knew it would be until the year of the monkey.
After disposing of the remaining rye on the island, Marin began to think about the next arrangement.
Now, in addition to the original 3200 Ugram farmland, Marin arranged for serfs to reclaim 3200 Ugram farmland. In addition to 100 grams of land to Schwarz, 50 grams of land to Franzberg. The other 3050 yogurts are all Marin's own cultivated land.
In order to reclaim cultivated land, Marin used serfs to fill up large swamps and dug a number of diversion channels to get so much cultivated land.
In fact, there are more lands on the island suitable for cultivation. However, Marin is currently understaffed, with only a few thousand serfs. In this era, farming was purely manual and not mechanized. Therefore, there is not enough manpower, and more land is useless.
In addition, Texel Island is only 20,000 Ugram in total. Counting the beaches and hills, as well as grassland, it is possible to cultivate 6,400 Ugram land, which is already at its limit. Because the island's fresh water is enough to irrigate so many fields.
The island is different from the land. On the land, as long as there is a large river to support it, fresh water resources can not be used up, and you can use hard land to make full use of every inch of land. On the island, the freshwater system is separate from the mainland.
Although Texel Island is not short of fresh water, it is not unlimited. The ability to irrigate 6400 Eugram irrigated land is already the limit. No amount of that can be done. Otherwise, Marin will definitely reclaim half of the land on Texel as arable land.
According to European habits, they are used to fallow systems. In winter, medieval Europeans generally did not grow crops. Because they want the land to "recuperate."
In fact, because Europeans do not know how to fertilize, they need to let the land restore its fertility. The Chinese people are not the same. In southern China, they always plant two crops a year.
In addition to the two to three seasons of rice grown in the southernmost part of the year, most of the other regions (mainly in the central and southern regions) are actually rotated by rice and wheat. Winter wheat is planted in autumn, and wheat is harvested in early summer. Then, rice is planted and harvested in autumn.
Because the Chinese people have always known the use of manure (nitrogen fertilizer) and plant ash (potassium fertilizer), even if they continue to use the land, they still get a lot of harvest every year.
So, when others decided to leave the land with grass, Marin planned to plant winter wheat ...
In medieval Europe, farmers used to plant only one crop a year. It is usually planted in spring and harvested in autumn. There are also varieties of winter wheat, but Marin almost wanted to scold his mother after hearing about the growth cycle of winter wheat ...
Because the winter wheat in medieval Europe was planted in the late autumn and early winter, it can grow in a cycle, which makes people vomit blood. Because, in this era, although European winter wheat was also planted in October and November, the harvest season should be July or August of the next year ...
Marin clearly remembered that the winter wheat of his family in the previous life was clearly harvested in May. After harvesting, first apply some manure to the ground as the bottom fertilizer, and there is still time to plant rice. Then, in October, rice could be harvested ...
However, in this era, the pit father's European winter wheat grew more than two months later than later generations of winter wheat, making it impossible to plant other crops at the end of spring and early summer. After the winter wheat has been received, the land can only be put on hold for a few months, and the next round of winter wheat planting will cause a serious waste of land. However, it is not surprising to think that Europeans are still undergoing large-scale fallow ...
Indica wheat is different from rye. In Europe, wheat prices are much higher than rye. In the German region, a pound of rye costs just 1 Finney. A pound of wheat is as high as 5 fennies. The difference between the two is as high as 5 times. Later, this gap will become even larger, reaching as much as seven times.
Indica wheat is different from rye. Rye is better to serve. Farming can be extensive and the demand for water is not great. Wheat is much weaker than rye, and its irrigation water demand is greater than rye.
Medieval Europeans cultivated extensively. Generally, they simply turned the ground with a light plough, sprinkled with rye seeds, and poured water. Then, just sit and wait for the harvest ...
The techniques of
hole sowing
, deep tillage, weeding, and fertilization of rye that were previously promoted on the island by Marmalin ~ EbookFREE.me ~ are actually used for intensive cultivation of wheat. Now the serfs were more familiar.
So, when planting 500 Yogurt winter wheat, it went smoothly. However, because the native varieties of medieval Europe were used, the next wheat harvest will have to wait until July or August next year, which is very pit ...
Only, considering the high price of wheat, even if a farming season is wasted, the price of wheat 5 times higher than rye is enough to make Marin more.
However, Marin is not satisfied with this. If there is a winter wheat variety with a shorter growing season, Marin can even replant soybeans after the winter wheat is harvested. In this way, Marin can not only get a lot of soybean oil, but also give horses better feed than oats. Moreover, soybeans can fix nitrogen and increase land fertility. The land that has been planted with soybeans and used for winter wheat will be significantly more fertile ...
However, if you want to obtain a winter wheat variety with a shorter growing period, Europe currently does not have it, and Marin has not learned agricultural technology, and will not cultivate excellent wheat varieties. Therefore, he can only consider going to Daming in the East to buy winter wheat varieties with shorter growing seasons and "almighty" soybeans ... Therefore, great navigation is still necessary ...
Also, Marin suddenly remembered that it seemed that winter wheat needed potassium fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer can help winter wheat to resist cold and increase yield. German potassium reserves are relatively abundant. At one time, Germany was still the world's largest exporter of potassium fertilizer. Like the Harz Mountains, there are several large potash mines. Marin began to figure out whether to send someone to buy those potash mines as a potash fertilizer reserve. After all, relying on plants and plants as potassium fertilizer, the content is too low ~ EbookFREE.me ~ Welcome book readers to read, the latest, fastest and hottest serial works are all in ~ EbookFREE.me ~ Mobile users please go to read.