Chapter 394: Economic crisis and opportunity

"His Excellency, there are two foreign students who want to see you outside."
The assistant walked into the office and reported to Hu Jingdehui.
"What's matter?"
"International students want to intern in German factories and accumulate experience. As a result, most companies have rejected their applications, so they want to seek help from the consulate."
"It's a good thing to go to the factory for an internship. You invited the two foreign students in. I want to hear their thoughts in person."
The handling of international student affairs is an important responsibility of the embassy in Germany. In more than ten years, the number of government-sponsored and private-sponsored students who have set off from the mainland and traveled abroad to study abroad has exceeded 7,000. Among them, 2,000 who have returned to China in succession There are more than 5,000 students studying in Europe.
Of the more than 5,000 international students, more than half of them are German students, about 3,000. The second largest number is students from Austria (Austro-Hungarian), with about 1,000 students. The remaining 1,000 students are scattered in Britain, France, and the Netherlands. , Switzerland and other countries.
Sending international students is the most effective way to absorb and learn modern science and technology in the West. The benefits of sending a large number of international students are self-evident.
However, this does not mean that the local government can send all the selected students to Europe to study in full accordance with their own wishes.
There are three main reasons:
First, there are a limited number of native Chinese students in the Han country. The number of young students with basic cultural and learning abilities is insufficient, that is, from 1880, with the new generation of local students, the number of people who have reached the lower limit of studying abroad Gradually the number of restrictions gradually changed.
Second, the restrictions on the size of Han students in European countries. Due to the early small-scale military conflicts, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy had reservations on the admission of Han students. The governments of the three countries will review Chinese students studying in China each year. , And then based on the results of the three governments ’analysis of the audit data, determine the specific amount of Chinese students studying next year.
Britain, France, and Italy are unwilling to accept large-scale Chinese students. Therefore, international students dispatched locally can only receive education in Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire with relatively close economic ties and no strategic conflict between the two sides.
The German and Austria-Hungarian empires also did not allow Chinese students to enter the two countries. During the year, the number of Han students in the country was only over 3,000. In addition to the limit on the number of school-age students, the German and Austria-Hungarian governments gave a maximum limit of 500 students each year. An important factor.
After 1879, the Han country successfully annexed Argentina and Uruguay, and became a major country in the Americas in terms of territory and population. In addition, it cured Prince Valmade and established the family with the Crown Prince Frederick. Good personal relations have enabled the German and Austrian-Hungarian governments to further relax restrictions on the number of Chinese students studying abroad, increasing the maximum number of government-sponsored Chinese students per year to 1,200, and the limit of privately funded international students to 700.
The third is the limitation on the funding for studying abroad. Each government-sponsored student receives a four-year university education overseas, and most receive a seven-, eight-, or even ten-year education.
During the period of studying abroad, on average, each international student spends 200 won per year, and more than 5,000 students studying abroad spend more than 1 million won per year.
Under the influence of various factors, the number of Chinese students studying abroad has not achieved a leap forward as expected by the local government.
It is difficult to change the foreign policy of the governments of Britain, France, Italy and Italy in a short period of time. The German and Austrian-Hungarian empires have just raised the ceiling for Chinese students. If the German government wants to increase the number of international students, it may not be a task that can be completed within a year or two.
Therefore, in front of Hu Jingde, the effective measures that can be made at present are to apply for the funding of international students on the one hand, and to rationally allocate the funds for studying abroad on the other hand, and to limit the funds as far as possible under the premise of ensuring the quality and life of students. Used by more students.
Hu Jingde has been doing things for the share of overseas study funding, and today the two overseas students who came to see him gave him a good idea of ​​saving overseas study funds.
"According to the principle of individual voluntaryness, government-sponsored international students can choose whether to use the vacation time to go to the factory for internships and earn a portion of their living expenses. For privately-funded international students, family conditions do not matter, but those with excellent academic performance and ordinary family conditions Students can take the lead of the embassy, ​​introduce them to the factory internships in their major, and use the holiday time to work and study, but it is a good way to save money and enable more families with ordinary economic conditions to obtain study abroad opportunities. "
After analyzing the benefits of attendance at work, Hu Jingde made a preliminary plan in his mind, and then asked the assistant to invite two foreign students into the office.
"You can think of entering a factory internship, earning the funds required for daily life through the expertise you have learned, and saving the country's study abroad funds. The idea is very good, and it is very likely to be promoted."
Hu Jingde smiled and said gently: "The number of foreign students sent by the local government has not reached the maximum number required by the German government. If the work-study approach is adopted, more students can be given the opportunity to study abroad.
Your proposal is not a problem in my opinion. The matter of helping international students to find a suitable internship factory is arranged by the embassy. After the arrangement is made, I will send someone to the University of Berlin to inform you. "
"Thank you, your Excellency! We must live up to the expectations of our country and His Excellency, earnestly learn scientific and technological knowledge, and strive to return to our country to serve the country as soon as possible!"
Tan Yaoxun and Pan Mingzhong said happily.
"The prosperity of the country requires the efforts of all citizens. You go back to school first, and then report the list of all students so that the embassy can contact different factories according to each student's expertise and skills."
"Thank you so much, Your Excellency."
The two saluted to Hu Jingde, said a few words of gratitude again, and left the embassy excitedly.
"Counselor Zhao, generating electricity for the embassies in Britain, France, and Italy, and asked whether the economies in the three countries have experienced a certain degree of decline like Germany."
After sending off the two students, Hu Jingde relied on the diplomat's sensitivity to issue an order to diplomats in the embassy as soon as possible. …………
After entering the modern industrial society, European countries have experienced more than ten economic crises of various scales.
The closest one was the twelfth, the annual economic crisis,
In 1873, the financial crisis broke out in the Vienna Stock Exchange. The crisis quickly spread to financial cities such as London, Paris, Frankfurt, New York,
A panic in the financial markets caused railroad stocks to fall.
In September 1873, Jay-Cook Financial, one of the most affluent banks in the United States, went bankrupt due to railway speculation, the New York stock market plummeted, and 5,000 commercial companies and 57 securities trading companies closed down.
This crisis is mainly a crisis of heavy industry. The light textile industry is relatively affected, and it is common in all countries. Investment expansion during the crisis can only mean a further excess of production capacity, which in turn means the onset of a larger crisis. It is just that the crisis lasted for a long time, prices fell sharply, and the process of moving towards monopoly was more conscious. Monopoly organizations such as cartels, trusts, and syndicates developed during this period.
In order to deal with the twelfth economic crisis, the United States and Germany successively adopted protectionist policies, using the method of strengthening infrastructure to transform the economic crisis into economic construction, and then out of the predicament of the economic crisis earlier than Britain and France.
However, blindly investing in infrastructure is not a panacea. Taking the United States as an example, from the beginning of the year, the United States built a total of nearly 53,000 kilometers of railways, accounting for about 50% of the world ’s railway construction volume, and the output of major products of the heavy industry doubled.
In 1882, the overcapacity of iron and steel enterprises, the ebb of American railway construction, and the stocks of heavy industrial enterprises such as steel and coal fell, which led to the thirteenth economic crisis in the history of the world economy.
Banks and investors have dumped railway stocks and bonds. Rail investment has shrunk abruptly. From the year on, the wholesale price index dropped by 24.1%. The depression lasted four years.
In the same period, the British economy began to decline as early as 1881, and the crisis deepened after the American railway ebb. During the crisis, steel output fell for the first time, reaching 15.9%, cotton consumption shrank by 19.7%, and the shipbuilding industry fell the most, reaching 62.8%. The unemployment rate was 2.3% in 1882, increased to 8.1% in 1884, and even reached 10.2% in 1886.
France is second only to the United States in severity. The collapse of Union Head Bank, Lyon and Rolle Bank in 1882 shocked the country. In the same year, more than 7,000 business failures occurred. From the beginning of the year, both the number of bankrupt companies and the number of unemployed have further increased.
From year to year, imports and exports have declined for several consecutive years, with exports falling by 13.6% and imports by 15.2%. The production of coal and iron, and the consumption of cotton have all dropped significantly.
The consequences of the thirteenth economic crisis were initially demonstrated. When embassies in various European countries successively returned the collected economic information to their homeland, even if they had not heard of the New Year's economy, they would rely on the impression of the economic crisis that occurred in Western countries every seven, eight, or ten years. Li Mingyuan also started to smell the breath of another economic crisis.
"Everyone has a look, there are signs of economic recession in major European countries, and the impact of the shipbuilding industry is particularly serious."
Li Mingyuan distributed the received telegram to everyone to read, adding: "I was also curious about how the German government suddenly changed its attitude, not only agreed to the requirement to build two armored cruisers on the ground, but also agreed to authorize us with the construction technology related to armored cruisers. .
It now appears that it is not the Germans who have become more severe, but the economic crisis that has broken out in Europe. The Volkswagen shipyard has had a difficult time, and this has eased the issue of warship technology transfer. "
"Will the economic crisis erupting in Europe affect the local economic development?"
Liu Pu worried.
"There are still some impacts, but the problem is not big."
Li Mingyuan turned his attention to the next head of the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Agriculture, and said, "What are the statistics of the local economy and agricultural exports in the past six months?"
"Under the guidance, the ten-year development strategy is advancing steadily. The domestic steel, machinery, chemical and other industries' production capacity has continued to expand at a rate of more than 14% per year. No signs of suffering from the European economic crisis have been found in various industrial sectors."
"The share of meat and grain exports has fluctuated in a small range ~ EbookFREE.me ~ In the second half of the year, the total export of agricultural products has decreased by about 2%. However, due to the reduction in manufacturing costs of fur and food processing companies, it is estimated that this year's The export earnings of agricultural products will be slightly higher than the same period last year, and there will be no losses and reduced profits. "
The director of the Ministry of Industry and the director of the Ministry of Agriculture reported successively.
"The overall level of local industrialization is still in its infancy, and the economic crisis in Europe has not yet affected the South American mainland."
After listening to their reports, Li Mingyuan arranged: "However, the outbreak of the economic crisis in Europe is good news for the local area. The local area can just take advantage of the European economic recession in recent years to vigorously introduce new technologies in the traditional heavy industry fields such as steel and machinery. Make up for the shortcomings of local industrial development.
Liu Pu, leave this to you. The Ministry of Finance will lead the Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture and other departments. After careful discussion, come up with a suitable plan as soon as possible, and then implement it immediately after the report is approved. "
"Yes, Your Majesty." ...............
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