Chapter 420: Social Security

Fireworks and firecrackers have been ringing for more than ten days. By mid-March, the festive atmosphere of the Lunar New Year gradually dissipated, and nationals of various industries, including government agencies, schools, and the military, have also taken up jobs and started the work of the new year.
"In 1888, the government's financial revenue was 100 million won (equivalent to 50 million kuping silver), fiscal expenditure was 87 million won, and 13 million won was saved."
At the Chang'an Palace, the first big dynasty meeting after the New Year, Zhao Yan, the general director of the Ministry of Finance, reported the government's fiscal revenue and expenditure in the past year.
"What is the government's financial investment in education?"
Li Mingyuan asked from the top position.
"The annual education expenditure of elementary and junior high schools is about 13 million won, and that of higher education institutions and overseas education is 7 million won. The total of the two funds is about 20 million won, which accounts for the total revenue of the central government's fiscal revenue. About twenty percent of the amount. "
After Zhao Yan's report, the head of the Ministry of Education, Sun Bin, standing beside him, added: "In 1888, the number of school-age children enrolled in primary and secondary schools increased by 1.07 percentage points compared with 1887. The overall school enrollment rate reached 93% for the first time, but according to the response of many grass-roots teachers in the past half month, more than 100,000 school-age children still failed to receive support due to their parents' disabilities and loss of labor. Educational opportunities. "
"Is the education department and local government agencies cooperating with schools and participating in actions to help out-of-school children solve their family difficulties?"
"Last year, the Ministry of Education, in cooperation with the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Finance, and local state and county government agencies, carried out a total of forty-three activities to help children from poor families attend school, but because of objective reasons such as parental disabilities and limited family economic sources, Even though many family parents, under the guidance of local officials, know that their children have legal obligations and rights to attend school, they are not able to send their children to school. "
The speech of the Minister of Education was full of helplessness: "The law does not care about human relations. For those children who drop out of school due to poverty, the Ministry of Education and local governments mostly adopt a gentle way to persuade their parents to send their children to school. As for family conditions, it is very difficult , Parents do not have the financial ability to support their children to complete primary school education. The Ministry of Education and local governments have no better solution when financial resources are limited. The children of age stay in the villages in the countryside, take up the family responsibilities early, drive the cattle and sheep to graze on the grass, and live the same lives as their parents. "
"Families with disabled and chronically ill parents have low economic income. The tuition fee for elementary schools is 4 yuan per person per year. It may not be much for ordinary workers and peasant families, but it is for parents of poor families. It's a lot of money. "
Knowing the current situation of children from poor families who were born out of school, Li Mingyuan's mood was affected.
"Education is the hope of the rise of the country, and primary education is the foundation of national education. About 7 percent of school-age children who are out of school have been extended to the entire local area, which means that nearly 200,000 children have lost access to education.
The Han empire is the homeland of all citizens, and also the homeland of those school-age children who are out of school. As the king of the country, children around the country are as caring and affectionate as their own children. They sit close to 200,000 children and lose school. Opportunity, uneasy in my heart. "
From the problem of out-of-school children in poverty-stricken families in China, thinking of the case of comprehensive and free compulsory education in later generations, Li Mingyuan decided for a moment to make a decisive decision: "The number of school-age children in local elementary schools is more than 1.5 million! The tuition fee of 4 won per person per year That adds up to 600 won.
Now that the government's fiscal surplus is 1,300 won, I plan to take out 4 million won from the national fiscal revenue, plus a portion of the annual profits of several large military industrial companies controlled by the royal family, which will be used as a primary school education fund to 6 million yuan per year. The education funding of the Han Yuan replaces the tuition expenses of the school-age children in elementary schools, and implements a five-year compulsory free education system for elementary schools. Starting from June today, it will be extended to the whole country from Gyeonggi-do. "
"His Majesty. After the implementation of the Moral Policy, children and citizens of all parts of the country will definitely feel His Majesty's grace!"
Sun Bin, the head of the Ministry of Education, gave a gift, and his tone exclaimed: "Out-of-school children in all parts of the country are also the descendants and hopes of every adult citizen. Therefore, my lords ask your permission to start with the Ministry of Education and call on all government departments and society. Nationals from all walks of life have launched donations to raise funds for local elementary school education! To fill the gap left by insufficient financial funds! "
"Secondary and so on." ...
The proposal of Sun Bin, the director of the Ministry of Education, was unanimously approved by the minister in the hall, and everyone unanimously begged.
"Everyone is a pillar of the country, and the monarchs and ministers are up and down. He worry that national education will not succeed! He worry that the country will not be restored!"
Regardless of whether the ministers below are sincerely willing to pay for the free education of the junior school, Li Mingyuan still looks satisfied.
"Financial appropriations and funds raised by nationals can alleviate some households' pressure on economic expenditure, but relying only on the tuition waiver system for primary schools, it still cannot solve the problem of children from poor families enrolling in school.
If the problem of out-of-school children is to be solved fundamentally, they must start with their families, imitate the German Empire, and establish a basic social security system.
In 1883, the German Empire promulgated and implemented the first social insurance bill in the Western countries, the "Illness Insurance Act", which limited the scope of the insured person to mines, quarries, and low-income white families with an annual income of 2,000 marks.
According to the actual situation of the people in the local area, the Han Dynasty can expand the scope of application of the "Sickness Insurance Law". All agricultural workers, servants, elementary and tutors, theater workers, crew members, and household workers who earn less than 6 yuan per month Must have compulsory insurance,
The insurance fund is shared by the employer and the employee. For example, the insurance costs of enterprise workers are generally borne by the employer.
Two-thirds of the total insurance costs, one-third of the workers' burden, and the amount of insurance paid by the workers each year is limited to one to three percent of the annual income and must not exceed this range. "
"Will the sickness insurance law paid by employers and workers be included in the national administrative supervision system?"
"Yes, the insurance premiums paid by employers and workers are stored in the central bank. At the same time, the insurance funds are supervised by a board composed of representatives of employers and workers. The board of directors has the authority to supervise and manage the reserves and use of insurance funds with local branches of the central bank. Happening."
After Li Mingyuan shared some of the social security systems he knew with the public, hundreds of officials made preliminary discussions and revisions based on the local government's financial situation and background of the times, and reached preliminary agreement on the establishment of a basic social security system. .
The central government is preparing to establish a social security system based on the three insurance bills, namely, the Disease Insurance Law, the Accident Insurance Law, and the Orphan and Disability Insurance Law.
The insurance coverage of the Sickness Insurance Act includes free medical treatment, medical care, death funeral expenses, and medical expenses for sickness. The medical expenses are about half of the insured's usual salary. They are paid from the third day of illness. If the disease continues for half a year, the subsequent medical expenses will be transferred to the accident insurance fund.
The Accident Insurance Law is intended to apply to only a few particularly dangerous occupations during the first ten years of its formal promulgation, that is, during the year.
Ten years later, the scope of the Accident Insurance Law will be extended to all citizens whose monthly salary is less than 30% of the local average salary, including the postal and telegraph industries.
Employees in industries such as government affairs, railway operations, naval and military factories, government employees, etc., can enjoy the social security provided by the Accident Insurance Law.
The cost of maintaining accident insurance is the sole responsibility of the employer. Employers who operate similar businesses form an insurance club to manage the fund.
When anyone starts or acquires a business that falls within the scope of the law, he also becomes a member of an insurance club composed of local employers in the same industry, and pays to the club according to the wage bill he has paid and the degree of danger borne by his employees Insurance. This type of club is managed by an employer-selected representative. Hui Du is fully responsible for the compensation paid. The amount of compensation is regulated by local laws.
Anyone who is not accidentally injured during the course of employment due to neglect of duty or deviance, loses the ability to work for more than 3 days, or dies should be compensated. Compensation includes free medical care and cash benefits. The cash pension is paid as follows: (1) From the 4th day of the injury to the end of the 4th week, 50% of the monthly salary of the same kind of local workers is paid from the sickness insurance fund, but it does not exceed 10 won per month.
(2) From the 5th week to the end of the 13th week, in addition to the cash in the preceding paragraph, the employer's insurance company will pay 1/6 of the daily wage.
(3) After the 13th week, it is calculated as 2/3 of the average annual income of the injured person, which is all paid by the employer's insurance company. The pension for a person with a lifelong disability is 2/3 of his average annual income,
The death funeral fee is 1/15 of the deceased's annual income, plus alimony that does not exceed 60% of the deceased's annual income.
The Orphan and Disability Insurance Law, as a direct solution to the problem of out-of-school children, will be promulgated and implemented first before the month.
The main contents of the Orphan and Disability Insurance Law are:
Those over the age of 16 who have wives and children in the family must take out insurance to prevent the risk of disability and loss of labor.
Those who pay insurance and earn a living are entitled to the following benefits: Those who become permanently disabled and lose their ability to work for more than two-thirds will be given a disability subsidy each year;
There are children under the age of 18 in the primary and middle school ages who are of appropriate age. During the five-year primary school stage, a minimum education subsidy of 2 won per month will be given. During the three-year secondary school education stage ~ EbookFREE.me ~ Depending on the degree of family difficulty, 50% to 100% of tuition fee reduction assistance is provided,
If a student from a poor family is admitted to a public institution of higher learning, the government will use interest-free loans and tuition-free subsidies to help students complete two years of preparatory and four years of formal studies, six years of higher education, and be enrolled in During the period, the government will also provide financial assistance for living as appropriate.
In addition to families impoverished due to illness and disability, some young widows and their children whose husbands died because of other accidents,
During the period of no remarriage, the widow's alimony shall be paid at 3/10 of the salary received by the husband before his death. In addition, the government will add 20 won per year. Allowances for widows and their children.
The three social security bills basically cover the livelihood security problems of the special hardship groups. Among them, for widows who are in the right age and have not lost their labor force, in addition to paying their minimum standard child support costs, the government ’s main attitude is to encourage them to remarry. Remarriage, after all, the number of native-age men has always been higher than that of women. As long as the local immigration policy is not abolished, the imbalance between the ratio of men and women will become a persistent problem that has always accompanied the development of the country.
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