Chapter 423: submarine

The two industrial revolutions were initiated by Western countries. The domestic industrial foundation of Han was also established with the assistance of scientific researchers in Germany, France, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. However, they simply followed Western countries and made progress in steps. It is always difficult for imitators to make a big difference.
"In the current world, Western countries occupy the mainstream position in science and technology, and the mainland still has to learn from the West in major industrial areas such as steel and shipbuilding. However, in some emerging areas, the locals must also use the country for more than 20 years. The technical foundation laid is catching up and striving to gain technological advantages in competition with Western countries. "
The big dynasty will end, irrelevant government officials will be sent away, and dozens of people will be core senior members of the local military and government.
"For example, underwater combat technology, in my opinion, is a military field with great development prospects, which is totally worth the government's investment in actual research."
Li Mingyuan said as he looked at Chen Sen, Minister of the Navy, the meaning of the question was self-evident.
"According to His Majesty's instructions, in 1882, the Navy Department invested funds and deployed dozens of scientific and technical personnel to form a submarine research department and began to engage in substantive technology research.
After seven years of research and experiment, based on the technology of the French "Divers" and British "Nordfeldt" submarines, the construction of the first generation of local submarines has been completed. "
Because of his post as Chief of the Navy, Chen Sen, who has just been promoted to the rank of Navy Admiral, is very attentive to all internal affairs of the Navy, for fear of omissions and negligence in his work, leaving Li Mingyuan and many of his colleagues in the Army and Navy incompetent. In turn lost the seat of the Navy commander.
"What is the technical performance of indigenously built submarines? How long can they sail underwater?"
"Two first-generation submarines were built, using a battery and compressed air engine dual power system, with a dive depth of 16 meters, an underwater speed of 6 knots, and a range of 70 nautical miles.
The water engine power is 58 kilowatts, the speed is 7 knots, and the endurance is 300 nautical miles.
Each submarine is equipped with an underwater torpedo tube and a Jianye six-year heavy machine gun, which theoretically has the ability to launch attacks on enemy maritime warships underwater. "
"The speed is too slow and the range is too short. It is impossible for the enemy's warship to float motionless on the sea and wait for the submarine to attack."
Li Mingyuan was dissatisfied with the performance of the home-built submarine.
"Engine power is the main factor limiting the speed and endurance of submarines. You should communicate and exchange with scientific researchers engaged in the field of internal combustion engines, and report the power system problems encountered during the experiment to the scientific researchers and try to improve them. The mechanical power of the submarine engine. At the same time, during the construction of the submarine, it is necessary to actively learn from and absorb the reasonable technical experience of Western countries, and also dare to try new designs and new solutions, such as the French writer Nelson ’s "Two Thousand Miles Under the Sea" As for the description of the boat, I think Nelson's idea is very new and bold. You can read this book, and then follow the description of the double-layer hull structure in the book to conduct verification experiments and see the use of double-layer hulls. Will the structured submarine perform better than a single-layer submarine? "
"Yes, Your Majesty, when the minister returns, he will be able to translate Verne's" Twenty Thousand Miles in Haiti "and send a copy to each researcher."
Chen Sen answered respectfully.
"It doesn't need to be so troublesome. There is a batch of translated books in the library of Chang'an University. After the meeting ends today, you can send someone directly to Chang'an University to second it."
At the end of the 19th century, France and the United States were at the leading level in the submarine field. Before the Holland 3 submarine was successfully developed, the performance of French folk scientists was generally more advanced than that of the United States and Britain.
In 1863, the "Divers" submarine was built in France, using a compressed air engine with a power of 58.8 kilowatts (80 hp), with a speed of 2.4 knots, capable of submerging for 3 hours under water and a depth of 12 meters.
In 1886, the British built the "Nautilus" submarine, which was propelled by battery power, with a speed of 6 knots and a range of about 80 nautical miles.
The weapons used in the early submarines were mainly timed detonation kits or mines attached to the hull. In 1866, the British R. Whitehead made the first torpedo. In 1881, the "Nordfeldt" submarine built by T. Nordfeldt and G. Garrett was equipped with torpedo tubes for the first time; in the same year, the "Holland" II submarine built in the United States was installed in the water The launch of a torpedo tube under a torpedo is an important development in the history of submarines.
It was also after a rough understanding of the current state of development of submarines in Western countries that Li Mingyuan accidentally thought of the double-layer structure of submarines when he flipped through Nelson's "Twenty Thousand Miles in Haiti".
The double-layer structure of the submarine was first designed by French scientist Laubeuf, and the time was further advanced by ten years. In 1899, the first double-layer structure submarine "Navel" was launched in France. The "Navier" is different from other submarines in that it has an outer shell outside its inner shell. This makes the "Navier" both an outer shell resembling a torpedo boat and an inner shell designed according to the requirements of the submarine. The crew and all equipment are housed in a pressure-resistant inner shell. The space between the inner and outer shells is used as a ballast tank, which is used to control the submarine's submersion and ascent. After the boat has drained the water from the ballast tank, it can have good seaworthiness like a torpedo boat, making it capable of sailing at a surface speed of 11 knots and an endurance of 500 knots. When the ballast tank is full After the water, "Navier" will be the same as the previous submarine. Its short-range underwater speed can reach 8 knots, and even under water for several hours, its underwater speed can reach 5 knots.
The Naval submarine has the basic prototype of a modern submarine, but it is limited by the power of the engine, and the actual combat performance of the submarine is greatly reduced.
However, if in accordance with the ideal scientific research progress in China, with the guidance of Li Mingyuan and the practical capabilities of Tesla and other big cattle, some advanced theories will be applied to the field of internal combustion engines in the next ten years, then the speed of diving will be applied. And the endurance capability has been improved by another level, so that it has the ability to launch attacks in offshore waters, and it is possible that it may not be achieved.
"Future submarines will develop in the direction of actual ocean-going combat. Several or even dozens of submarines will be organized into a strategic unit, with radio as the communication channel and underwater torpedoes as attack weapons against enemy warships. Siege and siege, destroying the enemy's naval fleet underwater. "
Li Mingyuan described the submarine's future combat mode in a positive tone to the generals of the palace, and then continued: "Of course, based on the current technology, the focus of the Navy's research is on offshore attack operations, and the submarine is used as a short-range assault. Weapons, try our best to achieve the goal of hitting the enemy warships anchored in the port in World War I, and in the training of submarine tactics and training of combatants, we can now start to prepare,
Coordinated by the Navy Department and the Naval Staff ~ EbookFREE.me ~ From the Navy's active fleet and the Naval Officer School, select outstanding officers and graduates for the training of submarine reserve officers. "
"How is the positioning of the submarine force solved? Is it included in the regular combat fleet of the Navy?"
Secretary of the Navy Chen Sen asked a realistic question.
"The submarine force is an experimental force and is not included in the regular combat fleet of the Navy for the time being. However, the officers of the submarine force are appointed and used in accordance with the standards of the regular fleet of the navy, and their treatment is equivalent to that of officers of the same rank in the main marine fleet. "
Li Mingyuan groaned for a while and gave a clear reply.
"Also, the submarine force is temporarily established in accordance with the sub-fleet standards. The submarine formation's chief officer level is equivalent to that of the Navy's three major sub-fleet commanders. In the first stage, a submarine simulation exercise group was formed, which will manage six first-generation submarines. , And then wait until the technical performance of the submarine improves, and then make a certain degree of formation reorganization and expansion. "
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