Chapter 168: 1 overweight particle?

"Strange?" Coming closer, Brother Yan stared at the computer screen for a while, and frowned slightly. "It's really strange. The experiment we did was not a collision in the 110gev segment? Why are the data all 1pu Go up? "
Then, Brother Yan cast a questioning look at Professor Greer.
The conversion between tev and gev is 1: 1000, which is equivalent to the particle beam in the collider tunnel, and the energy of the collision has reached 1000 gev. To find the collision energy required for a five-quark particle, 6gev is sufficient.
In order to find a particle located in the 6gev energy region, the collision energy was driven above 1000gev. This is no longer a cannon hitting a mosquito, but a rocket hitting a fly.
However, hearing Yan Xinjue's question, Professor Grael smiled and explained in a casual tone.
"I said, the condition of the test track is not a formal experiment. As for why it is so large, you have to be considerate of cern's love for this new toy. If the budget for this experiment is not limited, they will even give Your colleagues show a collision above 10tev. "
To put it plainly, it is to show off.
But also the kind of show off of red fruit.
Imagine that theoretical physicists and high-energy physics laboratories around the world are focusing their attention here. Do not take advantage of this opportunity to show off one, is it not blindly spent billions of dollars to expand the track?
Do not let the particle clusters inside the collider rotate, how can you let others know how powerful your machine is?
However, cern does have ostentatious capital. It is said that in the extreme case, the expanded hadron collider can even perform 14tev collision experiments. In other words, each particle in orbit will carry 7tev of energy.
How horrible is this energy?
In many cases, this energy unit (according to the formula for converting mass energy) is also used to describe the mass of particles, for example, the mass of a hydrogen atom is about 1 gev, and the s particle found in 12 years is 125 gev.
If you compare horizontally with your counterparts, the limit of the Shanghai Electron Collider is about 5gev, which is an order of magnitude away from the energy unit tev.
If you want to catch up with this energy unit, you can only expect the completion of cepc in Qindao, but that will be ten years later.
"I don't mean that the experimental energy section is strange," Lu Zhou's finger almost poked on the computer screen. "Did you all notice? There is an abnormal impact here near 750gev."
"This is not called a collision phenomenon. This is just a separate two-photon signal, but it is really strange why it appears in the 750gev region." Professor Greer touched his chin. , We can always observe some special signals on the detector, but the data reflected on the statistical images may only be a 'noise'. "
"Is this common?" Lu Zhou couldn't help asking, staring at the anomaly in the screen.
"It's very common," Brother Yan nodded, "We know less than 1% of all the signals produced by the collision of proton beams. So we usually infer the conclusions and then verify through experiments. If you stay here often Will get used to it. "
High-energy physics itself is a very metaphysical thing.
Since the existence below the atomic level cannot be "directly observed", in order to determine the true existence of a particle, a very important index confidence is involved.
This is a statistical concept.
In high-energy physics experiments, 3 times the standard deviation is called "sign", 3 times or more is called "evidence", and 5 times or more can be called "discovery". Although the words "breakthrough progress" and "major discoveries" often appear in the news, in fact, most of them are just "signs".
Based on this accepted theory, when the confidence level reaches 3sigma, it can barely be counted as a "sign".
A temporary characteristic peak does not tell much.
As long as a particle is repeatedly observed on different detectors and different colliders, and the confidence of the particle on multiple detectors reaches more than 5 sigma, the particle can be confirmed. As "discovery".
After hearing what Brother Yan said, Lu Zhou said nothing.
Soon, the experiment continued.
A series of green dots spread out densely on the image, and most of the dots were concentrated in the area below the 125gev boundary.
However, Lu Zhou's mind was still unable to let go of the point at which the 750gev appeared, and his attention was still restrained on that energy zone.
Then at this moment, another point suddenly jumped to the position of 750gev energy zone.
At this moment, Lu Zhou suddenly moved in his heart and looked at Professor Graer next to him: "What about the data on the cms detector?"
There are many detectors on one orbit, and the two detectors, cms and cms, are the most sensitive, and are even used to look for dark matter.
There is a very simple method to verify whether the abnormality he found is an illusion, that is, the same phenomenon was observed by two detectors at the same time.
Hearing Lu Zhou's question, Professor Greer gave a slight hesitation, and answered with a doubt.
"The data collected by the cms detector is the responsibility of the laboratory upstairs. If you are curious, I can take you there after the experiment is over, but I can't go now."
Lu Zhou then asked: "Will the impact data measured during these trials be recorded?"
Professor Greer nodded: "Generally, it will be archived, but there is not much reference value. I can copy it if you need it. It is not confidential anyway. But I have to remind you that this kind of Public experimental data, if you want to cite in the paper. "
Standing next, Brother Yan asked curiously, "What did you find?"
Lu Zhou thought for a while, and finally insisted on his own point of view, and said, "I always feel that the data in the 750gev energy region is a bit problematic. Even if it is explained from a statistical perspective, this obvious bump is described as random. Events always feel a bit far-fetched. "
Brother Yan joked, "From the perspective of a mathematician?"
Lu Zhou: "It's right. UU reading www.uukanshu.com"
Brother Yan sighed and said, "I know your research direction is mathematical physics, but I have to remind you that although mathematics is an important tool for studying theoretical physics, not all physical phenomena necessarily conform to the laws of mathematics. From theoretical physics From a scientific point of view, the number 750gev is really too heavy. You must know that the Higgs particle is only 125gev. Maybe you think you have found a new particle, but in my opinion it is just a two-photon signal. It may not even happen at all. "
Patting Lu Zhou's shoulder, Brother Yan continued, "Don't worry about the energy range after 10gev, we are looking for pentaquark particles this time. If it is because of obsessive-compulsive disorder, you can rest assured that in a while of the experiment , You must never see the phenomenon of 750gev. "
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