Chapter 376: He three-atom probe technology (one / four)

In the forefront of research in the field of theoretical physics, for a chaotic system that is difficult to predict, the more common method is to throw a particle into the path.
By observing the particles, the system is observed indirectly.
In fact, Lu Zhou proposed this experimental idea in large part from his earlier work experience in ern.
If the entire system where the plasma is located is regarded as a pool table in a black box, and the plasma is used as a billiard table on the table, then there is nothing better than "hitting a shot" in a fixed direction. Clear the situation on the table.
As for the particle used as a "white ball", there is nothing more suitable than helium 3.
First of all, its atomic diameter is small enough, three are composed of two protons and one neutron, which is close to the atomic mass of plutonium, and the nuclear structure is more stable! Not only is it possible to avoid indistinguishable polyatomic collisions in a probabilistic sense, but it is easier to pass through the plasma.
To reach the temperature at which helium 3 undergoes a fusion reaction with deuterium, at least one hundred times the existing temperature and electromagnetic field can be satisfied, so even if it is eventually used on a stellar, the helium three can basically be ignored to participate in fusion React to this situation.
So, this experiment with helium 3 is perfect!
Considering the number of particles in the entire plasma system, the perturbation of the entire system by one helium 3 atom is almost negligible. After all, the impact of throwing an atom into the system is much smaller than inserting a probe into it!
The helium 3 atoms passing through the plasma will collide with the particles in the system. The electromagnetic waves generated during the collision are heard as "sounds" by the observation equipment connected to the outside of the device. Based on these data, the macroscopic, Micro parameters.
After that, the helium 3 atoms that pass through the plasma will collide with the target material, and at the same time feedback the impact data, they will be separated from the entire system.
As long as the plasma continuously emits helium 3 atoms as a "detector", and then collects the electromagnetic wave data generated by the collision and the impact data collected on the target material, Lu Zhou is confident that he can indirectly analyze the helium through mathematical methods. 3 Perturbations in the plasma system, which indirectly deduced the properties of the system itself.
If this is too abstract, you can make a simple analogy.
We measure the refractive index of water. If we take water itself as the research object, the whole experiment is undoubtedly complicated. But if a beam of light is injected into the water and the refractive index is calculated by observing the change in the angle between the light and the interface, the entire experiment will become much simpler.
And Lu Zhou's experimental idea is to use helium 3 particles as the light that enters the plasma!
"... We only need to set a large slap target material on the first wall of the stellarator to capture the helium 3 particles emitted from the atomic gun, and it can be emitted by recording the collision of helium 3 with the plutonium atoms during the emission period. Data of the electromagnetic wave, the energy carried by the helium 3 when it hits the target, the angular momentum of the impact, etc., to indirectly analyze the data carried by the plasma under high temperature and pressure! "
"I'm not going to say if this can be done for the time being," staring at the landing boat, Professor Lazelsson said seriously, "Are you sure you have this data, have you processed them? If we emit n particles, the variables involved Not only will the n-th power exceed n! But also the plasma itself is disturbed by the magnetic field ... "
When the variables of a physical model are large enough, it will be a calculation that supercomputers cannot complete.
However, Professor Razelsson's words did not frighten Lu Zhou.
With an affirmative tone, Lu Zhou answered Professor Lazelsson's question: "I don't know if anyone knows, but I have more than 90% confidence."
Establishing a mathematical model and solving a mathematical model are two concepts. Although this variable looks extremely huge, in fact, those are the things that require supercomputing to headache.
If he is only building a theoretical model, Lu Zhou is quite confident in his ability.
There was a moment of hesitation in his eyes, and Professor Lazelsson still couldn't believe the decision.
In theory, this idea seems to work, but the premise is that Lu Zhou can complete what he promised him to build a theoretical model of the entire system based on the electromagnetic wave excitation data of those helium 3 atoms.
If the collected data cannot be effectively used, even if they succeed in the end, it is only a waste of time.
The unusable data is not much better than the "noise" in the experiment.
"... Give me a reason to believe you can do it."
"Is Goldbach guessing enough?"
Professor Lazersson flatly said: "Not enough! That only shows that you are an expert in number theory, it doesn't make any sense to me!"
"What about the theoretical model of the electrochemical interface structure?" Seeing Professor Lazersson's subconscious intention to refute, Lu Zhou immediately rushed in front of him and said, "I know what you want to say, which at best proves that I am in computational and theoretical chemistry. Strength doesn't mean that it is equally suitable for plasma research, right? "
Professor Lazelsson did not speak, but his gaze already showed his thoughts.
Lu Zhou was not discouraged, he continued.
"But what I want to tell you is that these things I have studied are, in the final analysis, the processing of data, and the scale of the data I have processed is not much smaller than the amount of data we are about to face!"
This time, Professor Lazelsson stopped talking, but fell into silence, and seemed to be thinking.
Seeing that he was silent, Lu Zhou continued to speak beside him.
"Trust me, it sounds hard, but it's not too difficult to solve! All we do is insert a probe called helium 3 into the plasma. The only thing that sounds incredible is that it Is as small as an atom. "
"If we succeed ..."
After a pause, Lu Zhou stared at his eyes and said seriously, "This is undoubtedly a Nobel Prize invention."
The Nobel Prize is not only for rewarding great theoretical discoveries, but also for rewarding major inventions that change human civilization.
For example, this year, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry announced in October 17th was awarded to three scholars who invented cryo-electron microscopy, because biologists have really got a lot of papers relying on their inventions.
Just as Mr. Qiu said in a joke, if it is really possible to establish an observation method and directly observe the macroscopic and microscopic parameters of the plasma system under high temperature and pressure, it will have a huge driving effect on the entire plasma physics.
Moreover, this technology will undoubtedly promote the development of the entire controllable fusion project!
"That sounds ..."
Taking off the glasses on the bridge of his nose, Professor Lazersson took the glasses cloth from his pocket with trembling fingers and rubbed them continuously.
The more the lens shines, the brighter the pupils reflected in the lens become, more and more excited.
However, he has been uncertain about this idea.
After waiting for nearly ten minutes, Lu Zhou glanced at his watch.
When Lu Zhou's shoulders were loose, and he was about to give up persuasion, and went to find other people to cooperate, Professor Razelsong suddenly put on his glasses again.
When he looked at Lu Zhou again, he could not see any look of contempt in the cloudy eyes.
replaced by……
Excited!
"... It sounds like it seems fun!"
After hearing this, Lu Zhou was finally relieved, a smile appeared on his face, and he extended his right hand.
"Glad to hear this answer."
All in all, the answer he got was not "it sounds impractical".
...
Persuaded Professor Lazersson and saved Lu Zhou a lot of trouble.
Princeton's plasma physics laboratory has a world-class standard, and has research agreements with controllable fusion research units in many countries around the world. Both resources and talents have considerable advantages.
This is something that other research institutions do not have.
If Professor Lazelsson is still unwilling in the end, Lu Zhou will eventually have to send a letter to the Max Planck Institute and try to go to the Max Planck Institute as a visiting scholar in plasma physics research.
As for making your own money to build a laboratory comparable to pppl in research and development capabilities ...
Regardless of the scientific research resources that are hard to buy with money, a few hundred million dollars is definitely not enough.
After reaching a cooperative research agreement with Professor Lazersson, in order to facilitate discussion, Lu Zhou referred to the suggestions of other experts in the institute and named this technology still in development as "he3 atom probe".
The name of the project team is more concise and clear with only three characters.
"He-3"
Over the next few days, Lu Zhou was basically going back and forth between the Advanced Research Institute and the Plasma Physics Laboratory. "The plasma physics experts and engineers of the project team sat together at ~ EbookFREE.me ~ to exchange views on specific experimental designs.
Obviously, the conclusion of the theoretical research did not leave Lu Zhou much idle, but the new work that followed made him more busy.
While Lu Zhou was busy with the "he-3" project, he unknowingly arrived at the publication time of the new edition of the "Journal of Mathematics".
The paper he submitted in the "Mathematics Yearbook" also officially met with colleagues in the field of partial differential equations.
For the publication of the results at this stage, Lu Zhou did not pay too much attention to the reactions of the mathematical community.
At least in his opinion, this is not a particularly outstanding research result, at most it is only a brick on the basis of previous studies.
However, sometimes fate is so wonderful.
What surprised Lu Zhou was that things were going exactly the opposite of what he expected.
The stone that he had thrown into the lake without sinking, instead settled on the calm lake ...