Chapter 1619: Vesta

Chapter 1807 The Vesta
And Zhao Zhongyao is now driving the spacecraft, flying to this asteroid. While driving the spacecraft, he told his family some knowledge about the asteroid.
The speed of the spacecraft was very fast, and within half an hour, it flew into the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
When he arrived in this asteroid belt, Feifei saw that this planetary belt was not as expected. Asteroids could be seen everywhere, but occasionally a few asteroids could be seen flying by their spacecraft.
‘Dad, there aren’t many asteroids in this asteroid belt! Feifei looked at Zhao Zhongyao somewhat puzzledly and said.
Zhao Zhongyao took a look at the asteroids that appeared sporadically outside the spacecraft and said, ‘It’s not that there are not many asteroids, but the distance between them is very long. The distance between the nearest asteroid is several million kilometers. ’
Feifei heard what Dad said, and said, ‘That’s how it is, so there are still a lot of asteroids here. ’
‘Of course, there are about half a million asteroids in the entire asteroid belt. This can only be counted as small celestial bodies that can be regarded as asteroids. If you count those very small celestial bodies and there are no small celestial bodies called asteroids at all, then there are countless small celestial bodies in the entire asteroid belt. Zhao Zhongyao said again.
After hearing what Zhao Zhongyao said, Feifei said again, ‘Dad, how do you think this asteroid belt was formed? Is it the original sun’s asteroid celestial body? Has been retained until now. ’
After hearing what Feifei said, Zhao Zhongyao said, ‘I feel that this inference is impossible. Because at that time small celestial bodies in other places in the solar system formed large planets. Why are there small celestial bodies in this zone that have not formed large planets! Obviously this theory is not very reliable. ’
‘Dad, how do you think this asteroid belt was formed. Feifei looked at Zhao Zhongyao and said.
‘I feel that this asteroid belt may have formed after some large planets collided with each other and exploded. Zhao Zhongyao said again.
'Is it really! Dad, how come you have such thoughts. Feifei looked at Zhao Zhongyao again and said.
‘The reason why I think this is because the earliest explanation for the cause was the explosion theory, which was the big bang of the tenth largest planet in the solar system that broke down into thousands of asteroids billions of years ago. This theory solved two problems at once: the birth of the asteroid belt and why there is no tenth planet. But the biggest flaw in this scenario is that the cause of the planetary explosion is unclear.
It is also believed that there are 5-10 relatively large asteroids similar in size to Ceres in the orbit between Jupiter and Mars. These planets gradually disintegrated through long-term collisions with each other, becoming smaller and more divided, forming a large number of debris, which is the asteroid belt we have observed. These explanations have their own reasons, but they cannot justify themselves, so they have not formed a conclusive conclusion. Zhao Zhongyao said again.
After hearing what my father said, Feifei smiled and said, ‘Forget it, this hypothesis and that hypothesis, who knows how this asteroid was formed. I think we still have to quickly find the fourth amethyst gem. Feifei said again.
‘Yes, our purpose is not to study how this asteroid belt is formed, we are here to find the fourth amethyst gem. Zhao Zhongyao said so too.
‘Dad, but this asteroid has so many asteroids, which one should we look for on it! The fourth amethyst gem shown on our star chart is on which asteroid. Feifei looked at his father and asked.
After hearing what Feifei said, Zhao Zhongyao said, ‘On the star map, it is not said that the fourth amethyst gem is on that asteroid. It's just that in this asteroid belt. ’
When Feifei heard Zhao Zhongyao say this, she said helplessly, ‘what, it’s just that it’s in this asteroid belt. Then this asteroid contains more than half a million decent asteroids. Are we going to search for all these half a million asteroids? ’
At this time, Feifei felt that he wanted to find this fourth amethyst gem, but it was really difficult. After all, there are too many asteroids in the asteroid belt, and it is too difficult to find them all.
After hearing Feifei’s words, Zhao Zhongyao said, ‘Of course we can’t search for all asteroids in the entire asteroid belt. Of course we have to focus on searching. ’
‘Then we should look for those asteroids. Feifei said again.
‘As far as I know, there are three asteroids in the asteroid belt that are very famous, and they are also relatively large asteroids. We might as well look for these three asteroids first. I feel that the fourth amethyst gem must be on one of the three asteroids. Zhao Zhongyao looked at Feifei again and said.
‘Which three asteroids are they? Feifei asked.
‘It’s the three more famous asteroids, they are Vesta, Juno, and Wisdom. The diameter of these three planets is more than 400 kilometers. If the fourth amethyst gem we are looking for is in this asteroid belt, it should be on one of the three asteroids. Zhao Zhongyao said again.
‘Dad, are we going to hurry up and see on these three asteroids? Feifei looked at Zhao Zhongyao again and said.
‘Yes, we just want to hurry up and see these three asteroids. Maybe the amethyst gem we are looking for is on one of the asteroids. If this is the case, we may find it soon. Said Zhao Zhongyao.
‘Okay, let’s go! But we should look for that asteroid first! Feifei said again.
Zhao Zhongyao took a look at the positions of the three asteroids displayed on the spacecraft’s display, and said, ‘we should go to Vesta first. Because our spacecraft is now the closest to this asteroid. ’
After hearing what Zhao Zhongyao said, Feifei said, ‘Okay, then let’s go and take a look on this Vesta star. ’
After speaking, Zhao Zhongyao flew to the Vesta star in his spacecraft. It's just that the spacecraft is still tens of millions of kilometers away from this Vesta, and it will take a few minutes to fly.
At this time, Feifei looked at Zhao Zhongyao and asked, ‘Dad, then do you know the knowledge about this Vesta, can you please let us know about this Vesta first? ’
‘Okay, let me talk about this Vesta! After Zhao Zhongyao finished speaking, he told his family what he knew about this Vesta.
Vesta is one of the largest asteroids in the solar system, with an average diameter of 525 kilometers (326 miles). It was discovered by Heinrich Oberst on March 29, 1807, named after Vesta, the goddess of home and fireplace in Roman mythology, and translated into Chinese as Vesta.
Vesta is the most massive main belt asteroid after the dwarf planet Ceres, accounting for 9% of the total mass of the main asteroid belt. Although its mass is a little bit more than that of Zhisheng, its volume is relatively small, making it the second largest asteroid. Vesta formed the remaining protoplanets of the rocky planet (different internal parts). One or two hundred million years ago, Vesta was hit, producing many fragments and leaving two huge impact craters, and the southern hemisphere has a high density. Some fragments of this event have fallen to the earth and become HED meteorites, providing a rich source of information about Vesta.
Vesta is the brightest asteroid that can be seen from the earth. Its distance from the sun when it is farthest is only a little farther than the closest distance to Ceres, but the orbit of Vesta is completely within the orbit of Ceres.
Vesta and Ceres are the largest members of the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Vesta is the second largest asteroid after Ceres. It is the largest asteroid inside the Kirkwood Gap of 2.5 AU. It is similar in size (within the margin of error) to Zhi Shen, but larger. The shape of Vesta seems to have been affected by gravity. It is an oblate sphere, but its large depression and protrusion made it categorically excluded from the planet at the 26th Congress of the International Astronomical Union. Therefore, Vesta will continue to be classified as an asteroid and still belong to a small celestial body in the solar system.
Vesta is an asteroid that has renewed its surface intact and has undergone planetary differentiation. However, the existing iron meteorites and achondrites have not been confirmed on the parent body. In the classification of meteorites, it is the fragments produced by impacts in the history of planets and purgatory. The shell of Vesta is thought to have the following layers: petrified weathered layer, derived from the eruption of bronze-calcium alite and breccia.
The lava flow of basalt comes from a non-propulsion eruption. Igneous rocks, including pyroxene, pyroxene, and plagioclase, come from proliferation eruptions. Large-grained orthopyroxene igneous rocks are derived from bronze achondrites. Based on the size of the V-shaped asteroid (the Vesta shell fragments ejected during a major impact), and the depth of the Antarctic crater, the shell thickness is estimated to be about 10 kilometers.
The most obvious feature is that there is a huge 460-kilometer-diameter crater near the South Pole. Its width is 80% of Vesta’s diameter. The bottom of the crater is 13 kilometers deep, and the outer edge is 4 miles higher than the surrounding terrain. ~12 kilometers, the total height difference is 25 kilometers, and there is an 18 kilometers high peak in the center. It is estimated that this impact will throw out about 1% of Vesta's volume, and the V-shaped asteroid of the Vesta family was created by this impact.
In addition to this crater, several relatively large craters (about 150 kilometers in diameter and 7 kilometers in depth) have also been observed. A dark area with a width of 200 kilometers has been named Oberst to honor the discoverer of Vesta. But Oberst is not shown in the contour map, so it is not known whether it is a newly formed pit or an ancient basalt surface. It is selected as the reference point of longitude 0°, and the prime meridian of the definition passes through its center.
The eastern and western hemispheres show significantly different topography. The preliminary spectral analysis of Hubble Space Telescope images shows that the eastern hemisphere has several areas of high reflectivity, with heavy pits and highland topography accompanied by aged weathered layers, and deep enough to detect igneous rock formations. Of the pit. On the other hand, large areas of the western hemisphere are occupied by dark geological tissues believed to be basalt, perhaps similar to the lunar sea.
Zhao Zhongyao told his wife and children about the knowledge of this Vesta. Everyone already has some understanding of this Vesta.
Soon, the spacecraft flew near this asteroid.
Now Zhao Zhongyao, Feifei, Qu Yuqian and Tiantian can see the huge asteroid outside from the spacecraft. At long distances, it feels like a small bright spot in space, just like the stars in the sky.
But when you are hundreds of kilometers away from it, you can already feel its hugeness. This is a very huge asteroid with a diameter of more than five hundred kilometers. The volume is the second largest asteroid in the asteroid belt.
The whole Vesta looked like a huge egg. The shape of the entire Vesta is an ellipse. It's just that there is a huge depression at the South Pole, which is a huge crater.
At this time, Feifei looked at the giant in front of him and said, ‘Dad, will there be the amethyst gem we are looking for on this asteroid? ’
After hearing Feifei’s words, Zhao Zhongyao said, ‘It’s hard to say, we still have to go to see this asteroid. ’
After speaking, Zhao Zhongyao flew to this asteroid again in his spacecraft.
Soon, their spacecraft flew over the asteroid. After reaching the sky above this asteroid, Zhao Zhongyao thought that he should go to see where the asteroid was.
Feifei also looked at Zhao Zhongyao and asked, ‘Dad, then we should go and see where this asteroid is. You feel, if there is an amethyst gem on this asteroid, where will this amethyst gem be hidden? ’
Zhao Zhongyao thought for a while and said, ‘Generally speaking, amethyst gems exist in a very special terrain on a planet. We should also take a look at a relatively special terrain now. ’
‘The most special terrain on this asteroid should be the huge crater at the south pole! Said Feifei.
‘Yes, it’s this crater at the South Pole. We can go to this crater first. Zhao Zhongyao said again.
In this way, after Zhao Zhongyao discussed with Feifei, he piloted the spacecraft again and flew towards the south pole of this asteroid. Soon, they flew to the south pole of this asteroid.
When they reached the sky above this south pole, Zhao Zhongyao and Feifei saw that there was a huge crater on the ground of this south pole.
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