Chapter 398: Han Academy of Semiconductors

The start of electronic technology in Han is actually not too late.
In that year, under the personal leadership of Premier Zhou, Han Guo formulated a 12-year long-term plan for scientific and technological development, and semiconductor technology was listed as one of the four major scientific research priorities at that time. Relevant departments of the central government decided that well-known scholars such as Huang Kun, Xie Xide, and Wang Shouwu should conduct surprise attacks on talent training and pioneering research.
These three elders are the leaders in the field of microelectronics in Han Dynasty. They returned from abroad and contributed their entire lives to the semiconductor industry in Han Dynasty.
The first two are mainly engaged in theoretical research, while Wang Lao is mainly engaged in industrial production.
Although Wang Lao’s work in Yingguoxue mainly focused on physics itself, he knew the importance of semiconductor work and resolutely interrupted other scientific research projects and devoted himself to semiconductor research. He established the first domestic institute in the Institute of Applied Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The semiconductor research laboratory first focuses on the preparation of germanium, the most basic material in transistors.
While focusing on the purification of germanium materials, he personally led the design and manufacture of Han's first single crystal furnace for drawing semiconductor germanium materials. At the end of 1957, he successfully drawn Han's first single crystal of germanium. From the end of November of the same year to the beginning of the next year, Wang Shouwu and his colleagues successfully developed the first batch of germanium alloy junction transistors in Han.
In the second year, the first silicon single crystal in Han Dynasty came out.
These are all appearing in the research institute. How to turn these high-tech researched into practical applications? Under the leadership of Wang Lao, in 58 years, Han Guo Science Academy 1109 Factory, the earliest manufacturer of transistors in Han, was founded. Engaged in mass production of germanium high frequency transistors.
Afterwards, entrusted by the National Science and Technology Commission and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang Lao began to prepare for the establishment of the Semiconductor Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. At the same time, he was appointed as the first deputy director and was fully responsible for the preparation of scientific research business management and branch development. Later, he did a lot of work in testing equipment and unified standards, especially in the research of Han's first gallium arsenide laser, and also established a semiconductor testing center.
The development of electronic technology, from electron tubes to transistors, from transistors to integrated circuits, and integrated circuits, from small and medium integrated circuits to large-scale integrated circuits.
In Han, the production of large-scale integrated circuits had been realized in 72 years.
Thinking about the background of this era, you can better appreciate the hardships of the scientific and technical personnel at that time. There was no time during the day and could only do research at night, but they never gave up.
In October last year, the Chinese Academy of Sciences once again asked Mr. Wang to take the initiative to take full responsibility for the research of 4KB MOS random access memory. This is a large-scale integrated circuit that requires more than 40 processes to produce electronic circuits composed of more than 11,000 transistors, resistors, capacitors and other components on a unit silicon wafer less than 4×4 mm square. If the integrity rate of a single process reaches 95%, the final process integrity rate of the chip is only 13%. Therefore, it is quite difficult to produce samples with a certain yield.
(Hua Xiong briefly explain, this MOS random access memory sounds very awkward, in fact, it has a common name, which is memory! It is used to temporarily store various data required by the CPU. In later generations, the memory will easily be a few GB. Now, it is only K, which is 1,000,000 times worse. However, this is only 79 years. In this era, 4KB of memory is already very powerful.)
Back then, Han Guo was able to produce its own memory. However, the memory technology is constantly developing and requires continuous investment. For various reasons, there are only a few memory manufacturers in the world, and they can have absolute prices. I have a say, I will increase the price if I want to increase it.
When Qin Guan and a few of his companions entered the Institute of Semiconductors of the Han Academy of Sciences together, they did not see Mr. Wang.
Although it is still an annual vacation, the people here have no rest during the Chinese New Year. After receiving the development task, they have been busy.
Everyone has their own tasks. Now they are mainly engaged in chip design tasks and process research tasks. The work intensity is very high. Moreover, in later generations, chip design is mainly carried out on the computer. First, HDLcode is designed. After it is correct, put in the electronic design automation tool (EDAtool), let the computer convert the HDLcode into a logic circuit, determine whether the logic gate design drawing meets the specifications and modify it, until the function is correct, the circuit diagram can be drawn.
Everything is assisted by a computer.
But now, these electronic development tools of later generations have not yet appeared. Even if they do, they are strictly sealed and locked by big companies. Therefore, the personnel of the design institute here use their advantages to design on paper.
When several people walked around and looked around like Grandma Liu who entered the Grand View Garden, they suddenly found an empty large design room.
Inside, on the ground, there was a huge piece of white paper covering almost the entire room. At this time, this huge piece of white paper was densely painted with various circuit diagrams, which made people look a headache.
Some technical experts, wearing socks, are walking around on white paper, discussing whether the circuits are correct and where they need to be modified.
The weather was still very cold at this time, even if the radiator in the room was burning hot, it was not floor heating, the floor was cold, they just walked around and studied.
Among them, an old man with white hair looked so conspicuous.
"No, 0 should be output here, but according to what we just inferred, 1 is output here instead. The logic here is wrong and must be modified." The old man said.
"However, if you modify it here, it will affect the following logical branches."
"Then modify it all!"
Suddenly the person who just answered the question began to cry in tears. In this case, it is another big project. The drawings on the quarter of the area behind here must be revised!
"We are making chips and we can't make any mistakes. If we find the mistakes after production, it will cause huge waste." The old man said, looking up at the outside: "Old Zhu, why are you here?"
"Let's take a look, this is Director Qin, this is Lao Tu and Lao Song." Zhu Lao raised his hand and introduced to the opposite Wang Lao.
"Well, I am very busy, I only have ten minutes at most." Wang Lao looked at his watch and said to Zhu Lao.
Of course they came here because of something, but they can’t influence their work. Mr. Wang is a very important time concept. The logic diagram here has a problem and needs to be modified. Then, there are also technical issues to be studied. , And even go to the subordinate 1109 electronics factory to coordinate, he has a lot to do.
"How many nanometer crafts can we do now?" Qin Guan asked suddenly.
Hearing this idiot question, Wang's face changed. Are you a monkey invited to tease?