Chapter 362: Cell death pointer

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Unfinished vegetable protein textile steaks are discarded.
Gao Siqi and her team set out to use Kobe beef muscle cells to cultivate intact beef tissue.
The laboratory needs to do three things.
Take the cells, extract the genes, and culture.
In today's biological world, the most difficult thing is to use animal cells to culture animal tissues. Most laboratories need to culture animal tissues or organs. Generally, animal embryo cells or organs of young animals that are just born are taken. Tissues are used for culture.
The reason for this choice is that these cells or tissues have a strong ability to divide and proliferate, and a high culture success rate. For fully differentiated cells, the cell differentiation potential becomes narrower and narrower, and the success rate of culture is very low.
However, the fully differentiated nucleus still retains all the original genetic material and has totipotency, but only when the conditions inside and outside the cell meet certain conditions can the cell totipotence be manifested.
Going deeper, the genes in the cell report all the genetic information of the species to which the cell belongs. When the internal and external conditions allow it, the gene can be fully expressed and even the species itself can be cultivated.
Dolly cloned sheep using breast cell culture has illustrated this problem.
It is just a dolly-like experimental process, and there is a certain gap with the gene expression technology in the hands of Pangu Technology.
The production process of cloned sheep Dolly is divided into three steps.
In the first step, the mammary gland cells are taken out from the mammary glands of the ewe and placed in a low-concentration nutrient culture medium. The cells gradually stop dividing under the intervention of external conditions, and the cells produced in this process become donor cells.
In the second step, the unfertilized egg cells were collected from the body of another ewe, and the nucleus was removed to leave a seedless egg cell, which is like leaving an empty house for the donor cell. The nucleated egg cell becomes the recipient cell.
The third step is to use the electric pulse method to fuse the donor and recipient cells, and finally form a fused cell. This process is similar to subjecting the egg cell to jing.
In this way, the initial experimental steps are completed. The latter procedure is very simple, similar to culturing test-tube babies, putting the fused cells into the uterus of a certain ewe, and finally developing and growing, and giving birth.
The experiment of cloning sheep dolly is one of the greatest experiments in the biological world, and it has been proved in practice that highly differentiated cells still have totipotency.
However, the experiment has a long experimental period, great difficulty and high cost, and its role in the research field is far greater than its role in practical applications.
What Pangu Technology needs to do is perfect gene expression, no need to make donor cells, no need to make recipient cells, the fastest and cheapest way to fully express the genes in the nucleus, and once again show the totipotency of cells .
The purpose of Pangu Technology is to use this technology in food and medicine, so it is destined that the experiment cycle must be short and the cost must be low. If according to Dolly the method of burning money, the laboratory would make tens of thousands of pounds of meat.
Gao Siqi carefully extracted the muscle cells of Kobe beef. Under a new experimental idea, the cell membrane of the muscle cells was broken, the gene sequence of the nucleus was lifted, and then the gene sequence was completely read by the gene reading instrument.
Although the muscle cells at this time have the totipotency of the cells, they cannot meet the requirements of the laboratory in the regulation and expression of genes.
If the muscle cells are allowed to mitose under the action of a serum-like culture agent, the muscle cells will simply proliferate against the culture dish, a process similar to the continuous increase of muscle cells in the body.
Although the product at this time is still a muscle cell, it is slow and the number of proliferation is effective. Normally, a group of healthy muscle cells stops proliferating after completing a certain number of proliferation, and then collectively falls into decline.
This is not only the process of healthy cell death, but also the process of human aging.
(The macroscopic expression of cell death is related to the telomere of the cell, so I won't repeat it here.)
So what is the reason for the limited proliferation rate and proliferation of healthy cells? This is the subject of global molecular biology research, and also the subject of Pangu Technology.
Pangu Technology already has a more complete answer, because in the regulation of gene expression, there is a mediating mechanism to control the rate of muscle cell production and proliferation.
The specific process is that each time a muscle cell proliferates, a certain negative charge in the gene will follow the number of times of proliferation, and at the same time, it will move down in the original muscle cell and the gene fragment of the newly proliferated individual.
In laboratory data, the number of charge shifts in a gene is strictly equal to the number of proliferations.
Then, when the negative charge indicates a certain point in the gene fragment, the entire gene expression will change dramatically.
Stop proliferation and cell aging, and death follows.
This is the experimental result discovered by the Pangu Science and Technology Life Science Laboratory when regulating gene expression.
Pangu Lab also did an experiment ~ EbookFREE.me ~ Stop cell proliferation, leaving the cells in a fairly peaceful state.
However, the performance of the experimental samples surprised Pangu Technology. Over time, the negative charge still moved in the gene fragment, and even a "dead fragment" was indicated at a faster time, and the cells died in a peaceful state without proliferation.
Pangu Technology's last comparison laboratory controlled this charge indication, and concluded that cells survive longer but still die.
This is the latest problem faced by Pangu Technology in regulating gene expression. Although Pangu Technology can control gene expression, it cannot control cell death.
Go back to the Kobe beef muscle experiment at Pangu Science and Technology Life Science Lab.
Since muscle cells are controlled by negative charges, they cannot achieve the conditions of rapid proliferation and infinite proliferation desired by the laboratory.
So what about the laboratory?
Gao Siqi's team is very clever and uses an experimental approach.
First, the gene expression control laboratory is perfectly used here.
Cancel the conditions that control the directional proliferation of cells, so that muscle cells will not proliferate slowly as in the body of Kobe cattle, and the proliferation will die after a certain degree.
So how can you make muscle cells proliferate quickly? Or even wireless proliferation?
This question was placed in front of Gao Siqi's team, which also led to the second step of the experiment, learning about cancer cells.
This is also the point raised by Xiao Ming.
"Learning cancer cells?" Gao Siqi was taken aback by Xiao Ming's thoughts.
Xiao Ming nodded: "Cancer cells proliferate fast and can proliferate indefinitely. We can suppress the proliferation of cancer cells and let them die through the regulation of gene expression. We can also learn the advantages of infinite and rapid proliferation of cancer cells."
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