Chapter 19: logic

　　 The next day, the city state public library on the second floor.
"Young man, you can't go in. This is a gathering among the top scholars of the city." When Ace was about to enter the conference room on the second floor of the library, he was politely and firmly stopped by a middle-aged man. He was presiding over the meeting. A disciple of the scholar Townsend, he is in charge of receiving today.
Ace was a little helpless, too young was a bit of trouble. He gave the middle-aged scholar badge issued by the Cultural Education Department to the middle-aged person for a long time. Finally, with the help of Dana passing by, the middle-aged person agreed to go in and ask Townson for instructions. Can enter the meeting room.
　　 There are about 30 people in the conference room. Most of the scholars are gray-haired, and it's no wonder they didn't let him in. After all, no one told the middle-aged people that there is a half-old child who is eligible to participate in the conference.
"The time is up, gentlemen are all quiet. I am Tang Sen, the host scholar of this year. I mainly study the situation of monsters. I am the author of the book "Low-level Monsters Illustration". I am very happy to communicate with you today. There are many acquaintances and some new faces. Please introduce yourself one by one, and then we will take turns to speak."
　　 It turned out to be him, and Ace thought of the "Low-Level Monsters Illustrated Book" that helped him a lot, and his feelings for Townsend increased. He sat in the back row and watched everyone speak up on stage. When it was his turn to take the stage, there was a small burst of whispers below, most of them surprised at his youth.
"I am Ace, a disciple of Peter the polymath, and I co-authored the book "Common Vocabulary Common Language Dictionary" with my teacher, and wrote "Book Classification and Indexing" independently. All of you here are seniors in academics. I hope to get closer today. Learn from you all." The standard Peter-style opening, polite and humble.
　　 After a few words from the host scholar Townsend, he entered the stage of taking turns to speak. Scholars began to take the stage to elaborate on their academic ideas, and Ace was ranked last as a new scholar. When he took the stage, everyone was tired. Some scholars yawned. Peter looked at Ace with encouraging eyes, and Ace nodded slightly to him.

I’m Ace, good at language, and I’m studying medicine. But today I don’t speak language or medicine. The scholar who yawns below will definitely wonder, is this little guy kidding us? Besides language and medicine, he also What can you say?"
　　 Ace successfully amused the sleeping scholar at the beginning, and everyone's attention was focused.
　　 "What I want to talk about today is, ‘what is logic and its decisive significance in academic research’."
　　 The scholars in the audience heard this unfamiliar word, a little confused, and it was a coined word, and Peter smiled knowingly.
"This is a new word that I created. It is a combination of the root of thinking and rational affix, which means rational thinking. When studying language, I found that language is the key to thinking. If language is defined, then language It is a tool of thinking to realize, consolidate and convey thinking." Ace waited for the scholars in the audience to think.
　　 The scholars under the stage discussed in a low voice, "Your disciple is a bit interesting. Both the compound words and the definition of language are very new and appropriate. It is worthy of explaining the words." A scholar Bayern who studies arithmetic said to Peter.
"Through the study of language, I found that thinking is regular. A good way of thinking will allow us to better understand the world and do our own academic field. To truly study a field, we must be free of prejudice and The study of subjective colors, I named neutral and objective research. Logic is a science that helps people think neutrally and objectively."
　　 "Your disciple is very ambitious, and you want to guide people how to think." Bayern was a little disdainful. How could a boy and a half know how to think better than the old men present? Does he think he is the lucky one favored by the goddess of wisdom.
　　 Peter also has some doubts, but he believes in his own disciples, because Ace is an example of independent and objective thinking, maybe he really has some insights.
　　 Ace ignored the whispers in the audience, "Logic is the study of thinking, thinking space is scarce, there is nowhere to focus, we must give a fulcrum, this fulcrum is the concept.
　　The so-called concept is a way of thinking that reflects the essential or unique attributes of things. Concepts are qualitatively different from feelings, perceptions, and appearances. Feelings, perceptions, and representations reflect the concrete image. In the concrete image, the essential and non-essential attributes of the object are mixed and not separated.
The concept of 　　 does not reflect the concrete image of the object, but abstracts the essence of the object and discards the non-essence of the object. The concept is abstract and general. "
The scholars in the audience gradually became quiet and serious. This series of new words and new definitions clearly outlines what the concept is. They often have such inspiration in their daily research. They want to grasp but can’t grasp the inspiration. It seems to be about to order.
"What is attribute is the nature and relationship of things. The weight, color, taste, time, space, performance, and function of things are all properties, and the correlation between things and other things is the relationship we logically say. .
　　 There are two kinds of attributes of things: essential attributes and non-essential attributes. Essential attributes are unique to a class of things. For example, "sickness" is the essential attribute of patients, and "having eyes" and "feet" are non-essential attributes of patients.
　　 To give a concept to a thing is the process of abstracting the essential attributes of the thing. "
　　 The whole conference room became quieter and quieter. All the scholars were thinking. Peter had surprise in his eyes. He never expected that Ace would have developed such a knowledge.
"We also need to understand the relationship between concepts and general words. All thinking is expressed through language. Words are the sounds and symbols that express concepts, the language form of concepts, and concepts are the thought content of words. There are differences between the two. Yes, it will not be expanded here."
　　 "I also feel that there are differences, but why don't your students clearly explain the specific differences." Bayern grumbled to Peter, scratching his head.
　　 "I would suggest that he write a book in detail after the meeting, discussing the concepts, and then he can sell it to you at a high price." Peter sneered Bayern slightly.
"Then you must advise him to write. I am eager to learn logic. I think you have found a great deal. You can't teach such a genius disciple. UU Reading www.uukanshu.com" Bayern "Zhenxiang" replied, at the same time The mouth does not forget to strike Peter.
　　 Peter did not answer any more, and continued to concentrate on listening to what Ace said.
"Next, let me talk about the connotation and extension of a concept. The concept reflects the essential attributes of things, and also reflects the objects with this essential attribute. Therefore, the concept has objective content and a definite scope. The connotation of the concept is the concept. The essential attribute of the concept, the extension of the concept is the scope of the concept.
For example, the connotation of the concept of "city-state scholar" refers to people who are recognized for their outstanding academic achievements and are awarded scholar badges by the Ministry of Culture and Education, and its extension is all people who are recognized for their outstanding academic achievements and who have been awarded the scholarly badge by the Ministry of Culture and Education. Whether you are studying monsters, studying the law or studying arithmetic. "
　　 "The connotation and extension of the concept are certain and flexible, because the concept comes from people's knowledge of things, and people's knowledge of things is stable at a stage, and will deepen and develop in continuous time. Therefore..."
　　 "There are types of concepts, separate concepts and general concepts, collective and non-aggregate concepts, positive and negative concepts..."
　　 "There are relationships between concepts, because the objective things reflected by the concepts have various connections. According to whether the extensions overlap, they can be divided into compatible relationships and incompatible relationships..."
"Limited to time, I will only talk about concepts today and the relationship between them. Only by maintaining objective and neutral research thinking and using basic logical knowledge as tools can we get rid of transcendental thinking and imaginary thinking, and use rational thinking for academic research. Thank you everyone."
　　 Ace stepped off the stage, the whole conference room was quiet, after a while, there was warm applause.
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