Vol 6 Chapter 19: Probability problem

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At the meeting of the Supreme Council, the demigod, the legendary wizard and several other attendees reached an agreement. According to the principle of entropy increase and the hypothesis of the dark forest suspicion chain, in the astral world, the wizarding world can only increase external entropy internally. Entropy reduction.
It's a pity that the Wizarding World Cluster has not discovered other worlds in this period of time. The tower wizards are like scavengers drifting in the star realm, just using and transforming the leftover waste.
"Really, after becoming a mythical wizard, I still have to pick up rubbish. I really want to conquer a world."
Betty stuffed a large piece of remnant into the magic net of the wizarding world cluster, let the magic net pull into the world, and whispered.
Bayern touched his long white beard and smiled and said: "This is to reduce entropy. We have cleaned up the unnecessary waste in the star realm. It is like reusing the waste heat consumed when converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Good for the astral world.
We need to promote this cause to all stars! "
Betty glared at Bayern, turned and left, muttering: "It's no help."
It was night, Betty was awake in the wizard tower. He got up and started to simulate the isolated system, but he didn’t gain much. Instead, he began to create a closed-loop system with a switch. The runes kept flashing. After failures, Betty created A strange little mechanical ball.
"The legendary treasure has only one ability, that is, state conservation, which fixes one's own life state and soul state to a certain stage.
Relying on regular external energy intake to maintain the internal closed-loop system, following the law of conservation, a stable state, may be called the ball of state conservation, the ball of immortality. "
Betty lifted the mechanical ball high, looking complicated.
This mechanical ball is undoubtedly a very high-level creation, as long as a life above the first level has it, it can have a theoretically unlimited life, because the mechanical ball will stabilize the life state of the holder in the current situation.
However, this also has huge drawbacks.
If stabilized in a certain state, the wizard will lose the possibility of downward as well as the possibility of upward. He must periodically turn on the mechanical ball to absorb energy from the outside to maintain his state stable. In other words, this is a stability. The device can also reduce the entropy periodically.
"Such immortality will lose future potential, and it can only be used by the following existences. According to legends, the above existence cannot be stabilized. Perhaps in the twilight years, golden wizards who don't want to transform into a lich and don't want to die can use it.
Donna has been promoted to a legendary wizard, and teaching her this skill may make a small profit for her haha. "
Betty thought for a while and put the ball aside.
Three weeks later, the legendary creation known as the "Guardian of Life" swept the world. Most golden wizards have not yet entered their twilight years. After all, they can exist in the wizarding world for thousands of years, but people have begun to take this There was a lot of discussion about the ball, and many wizards who were unwilling to transform into a lich thought that it was not impossible to use such a ball to achieve flawed immortality.
As everyone discussed, Ace's monograph on mathematics was quietly released, which was called "Probability Theory".
Ace personally delivered this monograph to Bayern, the "Astrological Foreaker", which made Bayern a little confused, but out of respect for Ace, Bayern respectfully read it.
Ace’s eyes gleamed, and he whispered in his study:
Determinism cannot last in the wizarding world, Bayern, if you want to go on, your past thinking must be changed. Thermodynamics is the first touchstone. , I hope you can understand."
Bayern held the book in both hands, looking at the word "Probability" in a deep thought.
"Master Ace's move must have profound meaning. Even if he used to publish a monograph, he never gave it to me. Why is this mathematics monograph given to me? Is it because I lack something?"
Bayern gently opened the title page, and it said "The Creator threw a coin, so there is a probability."
The creator added a mark, and Bayern's heart trembled. He has always believed that everything can be inferred, and only by looking for all clues, everything can be determined, and with all the causes, the definite result can be derived.
"The probability of an event is a measure of the likelihood that the event will occur.
Although the occurrence of an event in a random trial is accidental, those random trials that can be repeated in a large number under the same conditions often show obvious quantitative laws.
..."
Bayern frowned more and more. He finally finished reading the book and murmured: "The law of large numbers is the mathematical expectation that the sample mean will converge to the sample mean with probability (with different distributions) when the population tends to infinity. The mean of the population (same distribution). The central limit theorem is that generally in the case of the same distribution, the limit distribution of the sum of the sample values ​​when the population tends to infinity is close to the normal distribution."
He suddenly recalled what Ace said before leaving: "I hope you can apply it to the field of mechanics."
Bayern felt a bit ridiculous for a while. Does mechanics actually need probability?
He was thinking at the desk, writing some essay thoughts on a roll of parchment, and there was very silence outside the window, and the stars in the night sky flickered.
As the only two mythological wizard, Bayern is no stranger to the current hot thermodynamics. His mind seems to be opened and he writes.
"The essence of heat is energy. Where does the energy come from? Perhaps it is the result of the movement of particles. It has been confirmed and observed that such particles are elements and various compounds. Objects are composed of a large number of moving molecules.
Each molecule has a certain kinetic energy, and its external performance is heat.
When two objects rub, the molecules on their surfaces touch each other. In the constant friction, the collision between the molecules becomes more intense, the kinetic energy increases, the surface temperature of the object increases, and the heat energy increases.
The whereabouts of individual molecules are strange and erratic, and the number of molecules is huge. It is impossible for people to analyze the movement of each molecule one by one.
This is like a gourmet wizard frying a plate of delicious beans. He cannot taste the saltiness of each delicious bean one by one. In that case, the dish is gone, the pot is empty, and the gourmet wizard is full, but every bean tastes Almost, measuring them from a macro perspective is a practical way.
Among the three states of solid, liquid, and gas, the study of gas seems to be less constrained and easier.
For example, to study the pressure, we can count the impact of gas molecules. Although the impact force of each molecule is very small, it cannot be ignored when the number is large. As the temperature rises, the molecular motion intensifies, and the force per unit area per unit time will be greater. , Macroscopically, the pressure is increased.
..."
While Bayern was struggling to write, his mental world also changed drastically. This change was mapped to the semiplane. The originally stable astrological universe appeared with various natural phenomena. The star suddenly exploded and the gravitational force was greatly distorted, as if trapped Doomsday is general.
Like a chaos, if the entropy increase theorem is used to explain it, the entropy of the Bayern demiplane suddenly increases greatly, almost reaching the end in a short time.
But soon this increase in entropy stagnated, Bayern began to try to absorb the power of the great source of dreams, Ace also opened it up, and soon his demiplane was stabilized. It looks no different, but in fact it has Very different.
Bayern continued to write: "The real logic in the world is the calculation of probability, because probability distribution exists objectively, and the task of mechanics is to find the regularity of objective existence. We regard each molecule as a mass point, so that we can The movement of each point is divided into three mutually perpendicular directions, namely, three-dimensional coordinate system.
Then we discuss the velocity of the gas molecules in an ideal state, and finally, from the macroscopic consideration of the molecules, we get the velocity distribution curve.
The rate distribution curve is our very good research method, and probability theory is an indispensable and powerful tool for studying mechanics.
But there is also a problem at this time, that is, the small probability events that are ignored in probability theory! "
Bayern’s stable demiplane is also a little different. Since there is a high probability event, there must be a small probability event. Bayern’s state is very strange. He suddenly felt that the future has become disordered, and he relies on the seven-ring spell model as the foundation. Turning into a cloud of probability and disintegrating instantly, he vomited blood fiercely, as if the world hadn't been broken and solidified.
"Will the following situation exist?
For example, in childbirth, the probability of giving birth to both boys and girls is one in two. Will all humans give birth to boys or girls in a certain year?
This sounds absurd, but it is undeniably an objective fact, even though it is small and pitiful.
Assuming that our civilization can last for 10 billion years, this small probability multiplied by 10 billion will become very large. Maybe all boys or girls in a certain year make us feel indifferent, but in the field of mechanics, there will be many Weird phenomenon.
For example, a bottle filled with gas will walk by itself (the molecules move in the same direction), tens of millions of stones will automatically become castles, steel will automatically become mechanical computers, and ink accidentally sprinkled on parchment will automatically finish a poem. , How will this world be? "
Bayern stuffed the article into Shadow Crow’s mouth, and Shadow Crow took the paper to the "Magic" editorial department, and soon the paper was distributed to Betty and Ace. This is a mythical wizard's thesis, only equal or higher wizards. Only qualified for review.
This paper was published soon. The second law of thermodynamics proposed by Ace hasn't slowed down wizards, and Bayern's "Statistical Mechanics" made wizards more at a loss.
The wizards are not yet proficient in understanding the second law of thermodynamics, and Bayern's questions seem impeccable, which makes them extremely puzzled.
Bru feels that his head is about to explode, but fortunately it's not really exploded.
He lay in Elena’s arms and said angrily: "This probability theory, statistical mechanics, can I automatically generate a'fireball technique' by randomly gathering magic power? Although the probability is extremely small , But it’s not impossible, this feeling is too bad."
Alan, Eva, and Luther looked at the two of them spreading dog food, and they felt a little sour in their hearts.
Luther said: "If this is feasible, can we create such a magic based on statistical mechanics to direct small-probability events and produce all kinds of incredible changes?"
Allen questioned: "But this is not in accordance with magic, nor in accordance with nature. The existing natural phenomenon does not have such a naturally generated castle. Maybe there is something that Bayern has overlooked."
They looked at each other, and they all saw the complexity in each other's eyes, which seemed impossible to explain.
The discussion is still fermenting. The radical wizards even tried to create small probability event magic, and they undoubtedly failed. At this moment, an article by Ace turned out to completely solve the probability problem raised by Bayern.
"I noticed the question Bayern raised in statistical mechanics, but unfortunately no one has tried to use the entropy increase theorem to understand this matter. From the perspective of entropy increase, in an isolated system, that is, a system that is not affected by the outside world. In the middle, it is impossible to transform in an unnatural direction.
According to the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy of an isolated system can only remain unchanged or increase, and will never decrease. If it decreases, it means that an unnatural direction conversion has occurred, which is impossible without external interference.
Entropy applies to all natural phenomena. A simple understanding means that those who follow the natural direction will prosper and those who oppose the natural direction will die.
Any entropy reduction cannot be accomplished by an isolated system alone. There must be interference from external forces. Although a castle is stacked with countless stones in an orderly manner, it cannot be done without human factors, and stones cannot act against the laws of nature. "
This little article by Ace quelled the controversy. The concept of entropy began to take root in the hearts of the people. More and more wizards noticed the inference of heat death, and some wizards created various isolated systems based on it, and determined the isolated systems on an experimental level. It will become disorderly, and the whole world will die.
This kind of demonstration on the level of magic shocked most wizards. Whether the star realm is an isolated system is still unknown, but the world is indeed not an isolated system~EbookFREE.me~ but it is based on the wizard world cluster. Based on communication.
"The world is so cruel. If we want to go further, to reduce the entropy of our world and maintain an orderly low-entropy state, we must obtain external work, and at the same time, we must use external work as much as possible to maintain internal energy. In order to maintain the existence of the world for a long time."
Ace’s words are like a wake-up call, allowing more wizards to devote themselves to the hard work of scavenging waste in the astral world. Ace brings the two mythological wizards Bayern and Betty back to the world of Kaya. The demigods have no room for development in the wizarding world. , The demigod itself is a super low-entropy body, an orderly display of the limit.
In a sense, the more such low-entropy bodies a world has, the higher the level of the low-entropy body, the harder it is to increase the entropy of the world.
But after all, the space of the tower wizard is not just the wizarding world cluster. The Kaya world needs the arrival of mythical wizards. Ace is already level five immortal, and he can no longer enter the inner world, allowing the wizarding world cluster to cultivate mythical wizards, and then " "Flying" to the world of Kaya is the most correct choice.
For the Kaya world, this is also a kind of entropy reduction. At this moment, Ace realized why Dayuan would accept the gift of the giant tree world, because this is the entropy reduction.