Chapter 469: "Science" article

More than five o'clock in the evening, Mo Wenlin completed the evaporation work of today's batch of laminated devices and began vacuum placement.
At this time, Xu Qiu went to the laboratory and began to regenerate the spin-coated glove box.
First close the circulation system of the glove box, then open the valve of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture, and preset the pressure reducing valve to 0.8 MPa, which is equivalent to a pressure of 8 atmospheres. Finally, click the regeneration button on the glove box control panel to start Perform regeneration operation.
After clicking the regeneration button, a countdown will appear on the control panel: Next, the glove box will start to execute according to the internal pre-preset program:
The first 3 hours is a pure internal heating stage;
After 3 hours, the valve of the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture will be opened, and the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture will enter the glove box to purify the atmosphere in the box;
After 24 hours, regeneration is over and the glove box needs to be restarted.
The nitrogen-hydrogen mixture is very critical for the regeneration operation. If the regeneration gas cannot be input into the glove box due to the blockage of the gas circuit, it will cause the regeneration to fail.
Therefore, three hours after the regeneration is turned on, it is necessary to go back to the laboratory to confirm whether the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture is normally supplied.
Therefore, Xu Qiu ate dinner with her school girl, did some after-dinner exercises, and when it was close to nine o'clock, he returned to Caiyi 216 again.
Before leaving the laboratory, Xu Qiu had hung the gas mask at the door of the laboratory in advance, and he can use it directly now.
Although the gas mask is hung outside the laboratory, this kind of thing is generally not stolen...
After all, it is worn directly to the mouth, and there is usually one hand in the laboratory, and it will not be mixed.
Xu Qiu put on a gas mask, swiped his card, quickly entered and closed the door to prevent "poisonous gas" from leaking into the corridor.
Entering the laboratory, through the gas mask, the smell of chlorobenzene can still be smelled, but it is not very heavy.
Approaching the glove box, Xu Qiu could clearly hear the "boom" airflow sound from the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture entering the glove box. At the same time, the indication of the pressure reducing valve was also normal, at 0.8 MPa. The glove box control panel displayed normal, and the window It is also open.
Speaking of the windows of the laboratory, the building that was built earlier, like the material one, used the old-fashioned two-story window design.
That is, there are a total of four windows, two inside and two outside, with a cuboid cavity in the middle. At the same time, the windows are all rusty because of their long service life.
Xu Qiu still remembers that this kind of window was used in the bungalow when he was a child, and some potted plants or some sundries could be placed in the cavity in the middle.
However, if you grow potted plants in the laboratory, it is estimated that they will die after a few days. Maybe there may be any special mutations?
Xu Qiu's specific strategy for opening windows is to open a window on the inside and a window on the outside.
In this way, the air can circulate through the cavity in the middle, rather than directly circulate, which can not only achieve the effect of ventilation, but also prevent rainwater and thieves from entering the laboratory.
The inspection found that the regeneration procedure was normal, and Xu Qiu left the laboratory and hung the gas mask again at the door.
On Saturday, at around five o'clock in the afternoon, Xu Qiu returned to the laboratory again.
Speaking of it, this Saturday was originally going to make up for the New Year's Day holiday. However, due to rebirth, he couldn't do experiments. Wei Xingsi didn't force everyone to come over on Saturday, and he himself didn't come.
Therefore, Xu Qiu is equivalent to getting a day's vacation for the fellows of the research team.
In the laboratory, because of the ventilation, the smell of the solvent inside has been very weak, and there may be traces of residue, but at least it can't be smelled with the nose.
The rubber gloves of the glove box had collapsed. Xu Qiu glanced at the control panel of the glove box. The current oxygen level was more than 500 ppm. Although it exceeded the standard, this was normal.
Because the circulation function of the glove box is closed during the regeneration process, nitrogen cannot be refilled at any time, so relative to the outside atmospheric pressure, the inside of the glove box cannot maintain a positive pressure, and some air will enter.
After the nitrogen-hydrogen mixture was used up, Xu Qiu closed the main valve of his steel cylinder, and then returned to the glove box to turn on the cleaning function. The set time was ten minutes.
After the cleaning, the oxygen level was reduced to within 100 ppm.
Xu Qiu did not continue to clean, but directly turned on the cycle to restart the glove box, because afterwards, using the cycle function of the glove box, the oxygen level can be spontaneously reduced to less than 0.1 ppm.
If the oxygen level is forcibly purged to a very low level, it is not impossible, but it is too wasteful of nitrogen.
For example, cleaning from 500ppm to 100ppm requires 10 minutes of cleaning;
It may take 5 minutes to wash from 100ppm to 50ppm, and it may take half an hour to wash to 10ppm, which is not very cost-effective.
After finishing the regeneration, Xu Qiu sent a message to Mo Wenlin, informing her: "The laboratory can do experiments normally."
Afterwards, he drove off and did not intend to stay to participate in device testing.
First of all, this batch of devices has been "vacuum placed" for 24 hours, which deviates from the optimal conditions, and the efficiency may be reduced by 0.1-0.3% as a result;
Secondly, it is prepared before regeneration, and the efficiency may continue to decrease by 0.2-0.5%;
Finally, coupled with the fact that Mo Wenlin's processing conditions are not optimal, there is a high probability that the efficiency will be reduced again by 0.4%-1%.
With so many DEBUFF stacked, the efficiency is likely to be less than 17%.
Therefore, Xu Qiu had no interest in staying, and instead went to dinner with Han Jiaying, and they even made an appointment to watch a movie together in the evening.
Several blockbuster movies were shown on the New Year's Day file. They only watched "Bump Man vs. Venom", and then plan to go through them all.
The movie I watched today is called "Preserved Eggs Are Myself".
The story is about a protagonist, searching for the mysterious person "preserved egg". The "preserved egg" in the memory is the enemy who has been chasing and killing him...
After some reasoning, deduction, and exploration, the protagonist finally discovers that the "preserved egg" is actually himself.
It turned out that the protagonist became insane after killing someone.
As a result, amidst the mishaps, the fragmented memory of the slain was planted, and he thought he was still being chased and killed...
Well, although the plot is a bit thunderous, it is still fun to watch.
When Xu Qiu was in the cinema, eating popcorn and drinking happy water to embrace the school girls, he received a message from Mo Wenlin: "[Cry Hao Hao] The highest efficiency of today's devices is not as good as the previous results."
Xu Qiu had a hunch about this, so he offered the prepared flatbread: "Next week, after we regenerate the glove box, we will adjust the conditions and it will increase by 17%!"
Mo Wenlin didn't know if she choked after eating cakes, and did not reply.
On Sunday, because Mo Wenlin worked overtime on Saturday, Xu Qiu did not let her continue to make parts.
It happened that Han Jiaying had written an article for a week, and wanted to "change my taste", so the school girl took over Mo Wenlin's position and began to prepare laminated devices.
Xu Qiu is also looking forward to whether the school girl can continue her European spirit.
Last time, it was the accidental discovery by a school girl that the performance of the laminated device exceeded 16% in one fell swoop. I wonder if this time can it exceed 17% in one fell swoop?
By ten o'clock in the evening, Han Jiaying finally completed the device, and used the method of vacuum placement to store the device in the vapor deposition chamber.
Xu Qiuqin pointed out that when the test starts at 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon, it will be the best condition for 16 hours, which is perfect.
Speaking of it, the school girl originally belonged to the fourth work, but now her contribution has gradually increased, not even lower than that of Wu Shengnan, who is responsible for synthetic materials.
However, Han Jiaying didn't mean to compete with Wu Shengnan for the third game. If it was the second game, it might still be useful. There is not much difference between the third game and the fourth game.
As for the current second work, Karen Mok's contribution is indeed high, and her second work belongs to the second that is not so rowing.
On Monday, the group meeting.
The perovskite team will report first.
Feifei Wu has finished writing the work of the two-dimensional perovskite laminated device, and it was posted on Sunday, the target journal CM.
Feifei Wu and Wo Sun began to write a review of the tin-based two-dimensional perovskite system.
Although the review opinions of the plan have not yet come back, even if ACSEL fails to make a submission, you can still vote for AFM, or even if you don't have to vote for JMCA.
Summary, write it out, there is always a place to vote.
It is said that some research groups have "big guys" who specialize in writing reviews. They don't do experiments and only write reviews.
And instead of writing reviews of their own fields, they specialize in popular areas to write, and then write one article a month, and they can get more than ten reviews a year...
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In fact, with the exception of the dry summaries written by big guys, such as Xu Qiu’s previous "Joule", most of the summaries are similar to the existence of training students, and there is not much scientific significance. It is a year for one person. It's almost enough to post two or three reviews, and a dozen or so articles a year is a bit too watery.
Moreover, the status of review articles is usually one level lower than the status of articles in normal laboratory work.
If a researcher claims that he has posted an AM, then people will assume that he has published an AM experimental work, not an AM review. If it is a review, they will generally proactively declare that the publication is a review.
Just like the publication of a "Science" in a public statement, there is a high probability that the article will be published in the type of experimental work, rather than a short comment or review.
Sun Wo achieved 2% efficiency of tin-based perovskite devices last week. After discussing with Feifei Wu, he plans to start with a two-dimensional perovskite mixed with lead and tin, such as 25% tin and 75%. Lead, 50% tin, 50% lead.
Even if the novelty is worse, at least increase the efficiency first. For example, if it can achieve 8% or 10%, post a small article, and then consider making all-tin two-dimensional perovskites. It also emphasizes a gradual improvement.
However, before the implementation started, Wei Xingsi stopped him and asked him and Feifei Wu to write a summary together, and then gave Xu Qiu their way to make organic laminated devices.
For Sun Wo, there is no such thing as a matter of course. Although writing a review is also a job, compared to doing experiments, the work intensity is much lower, and now it can be regarded as a "demand draw".
Duan Yun brought everyone his internship from Warwick. Of course, this was not reported at the group meeting, but was mentioned during private exchanges.
During the current internship period, the company does not have high requirements for them. There are no KPIs, no overtime, and free working hours.
However, Duan Yun looked at the veteran employees who had already joined the company, and they basically worked overtime.
It may also have something to do with their very good overtime welfare. There are overtime meals at around 8 o'clock in the evening, which is very rich, at least much better than in the school cafeteria.
Therefore, many employees even if they have finished their work, they will reserve the water until 8 o'clock, eat a supper and go back, and they can also mix up some overtime pay.
However, Duan Yun estimated that there is a high probability that after he officially enters the job, he can really know what a company is like. What he saw during the internship is far less real than what he has personally experienced.
For example, before entering the research group, some people saw other people doing high-intensity work, and felt that "I can do it, too." They should also be able to handle the pressure, but only after the real experience will they understand this. What does stress mean?
Tian Qing helped Xu Qiu redraw more than a dozen illustrations in the article last week, and then released these illustrations at the group meeting.
I have to say that these pictures have been optimized by her, and they look a bit decent, adding some sense of high-level in them.
Moreover, these pictures have original templates, and even the updated data can be directly replaced later.
In addition, with regard to the research on the charge transport mechanism of organic photovoltaic stacked devices, Tian Qing did not have any substantial experimental progress, but last week he contacted Feng Shengdong of Sweden, Ronald of Finland, and Xu Qiu for a multi-party discussion. .
In the end, they plan to work together to produce a big article, and the research system is the best organic photovoltaic laminated device system in the group.
The future hot work in my group will naturally be able to rub off.
Tian Qing is responsible for conducting preliminary research on CELIV, TOF, etc., and then docking with others.
Ronald provides advanced CELIV and TOF research.
Feng Shengdong of Sweden is responsible for providing TAS and other support.
Xu Qiu provided material support and watched other people perform.
Originally, Xu Qiu tried to conduct research on mobile phone theory, but later found that it was too difficult and needed to learn a lot of knowledge from scratch, so he gave up temporarily and chose to specialize in material synthesis and device processing technology optimization, which happened to be systematic. The functions fit together.
Professional matters are still left to professional people to complete.
In the current scientific research field, multiple cooperation is a very good normal mode. You don't need to use your own shortcomings to challenge the strengths of others.
Just like starting a business, if you want to succeed, the best thing is to constantly polish your strengths and make yourself top-notch in a certain aspect.
As for your shortcomings, you can recruit some capable and specialized people to form a team, and then give it to other people in the team to help supplement.
It is worth mentioning that Ronald in Finland also studied the PTB7-TH: standard sample system provided by the group.
Ronald's research group used various CELIV methods developed by them to characterize the charge mobility data, interface recombination, and trap state distribution under the standard system, and then obtain the mechanical information of the overall charge transport movement of the photovoltaic device. I sent a JPCL.
The output speed of their articles is slower than that of Tian Qing, who is relatively paddling in the group. Perhaps it is related to the number of repetitions of experiments in their articles.
Xu Qiu did not name this article, but Tian Qing, Chen Wanqing and Wei Xingsi all did.
Moreover, Tian Qing tested some preliminary data because of his assistance, and the second game was linked.
Chen Wanqing brought news from Blue River.
Now Blue River has developed a prototype of the second-generation squeegee coating machine, which is currently under commissioning.
Compared with the previous first-generation squeegee machine, they upgraded the squeegee and improved the heating plate to improve the uniformity of the heating substrate.
Finally, with the second-generation blade coating machine, the uncertainty of the thickness of the film obtained was reduced from the original ±100 nanometers to within ±50 nanometers.
That is to say, it is expected that the thickness of 200 nanometers can be roughly within 150-250 nanometers through the second-generation squeegee machine, while the accuracy of the original generation squeegee machine is roughly 100-300 nanometers.
In addition, the development of Blue River Optoelectronic Materials Company is also very good, especially the sales of IDIC series materials are very good.
It may also be because of the publication of Xu Qiu's "Nature·Energy" article and Wei Xingsi's promotion at the conference, which made the IDIC series of materials famous.
In just one month, the three materials of the IDIC, IDIC-M, and IDIC-4F series alone have sold more than 30 grams, and related monomer materials have also sold more than 50 grams.
The number of cooperative research groups has also rapidly expanded from the original few to more than 20 now.
In addition to the previous AM sub-journal articles published by Ma Weiwei, other research groups have also hatched many scientific research results, and Blue River Optoelectronic Materials Co., Ltd. was mentioned in the experimental materials section.
However, Xu Qiu estimated that this wave of market is likely to be difficult to sustain.
Because Xu Qiu greeted Yang Qin in advance and asked him to prepare early, so in this month, IDIC series materials are basically unique to Blue River Optoelectronics Materials.
It can be regarded as a time difference. Several other optoelectronic material companies, such as the one in Shencheng, only supplemented the supply of IDIC-related materials after New Year's Day.
Moreover, these research groups that have purchased IDIC-related materials also need time to consume the purchased materials, and there is a high probability that they will not be repurchased in a short period of time.
Xu Qiu did not report at the group meeting this week. Last week, the device efficiency was the highest, Wei Xingsi already knew, and he also arranged an "efficiency sprint plan."
Han Jiaying was mainly writing articles about PTQ1 work last week, the target journal AM, and the current progress is 40%.
Wu Shengnan continued his previous work on Xu Qiu's Y1-Y4 series of materials.
Last week, she synthesized Y5, Y6, and Y7 named by herself, and reported some basic characterization work of Y series materials, including nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis and the like.
Characterization equipment such as this kind of nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis and other school public platforms may be closed during the winter vacation.
Therefore, if you can test early, you must test earlier, otherwise the door will be closed, and you can only wait for a month or two before school starts.
In addition, because the organic photovoltaic devices in the group are all inverted structures, the devices can be vapor-deposited at the same time. Wu Shengnan also rubbed the device with Mo Wenlin last week.
The results can only be said to be so-so. The general efficiency of Y5, Y6, and Y7 materials designed and synthesized by Wu Shengnan is about 13%, and at most 14%, there is no device performance that exceeds Y3.
However, she repeated the results of Xu Qiu’s J4:Y3 system. The efficiency was achieved by Xu Qiu’s previous research. In fact, the figure of 14.5% is already very high, but later because of efficiency, laminated devices came after the top. Therefore, Xu Qiu did not go into further research for the time being.
Now, Wu Shengnan just happens to help with basic characterization experiments. Xu Qiu plans to sort out the preliminary work of the Y series after the publication of this "Science" article, vote for a few small articles such as AM, and let the simulation experiment by the way. The room began to explore the Y series materials in detail.
Finally, Karen Mok made a brief report.
Although Wei Xingsi had been informed of the device test results last week, she still drew the J-V curve and the EQE curve, which can be regarded as giving herself a sense of presence in the group meeting.
After all, it's hard work by myself. Without saying anything, I always feel like I've been paddling for a week.
After the group meeting was over, the organic photovoltaic team officially started the efficiency sprint mode, and Xu Qiu decided to make ten batches of devices in a row.
Although according to practice, the minimum requirement for device repetitive experiments is 5 batches, but 5 batches are too few. If AM is usually issued, 5 batches can be made. Now it is hitting "Science" to do more perfect.
In fact, it is best to repeat more than 20 batches, but for 20 batches, it will take a month, which is too long.
Some research groups have multiple evaporation equipment, which can be done like this, but now there is no such condition in the group, so Xu Qiu chose 10 batches of devices that were compromised.
At 1:30 in the afternoon, Xu Qiu and Han Jiaying opened the vapor deposition chamber and started testing the first batch of regenerated devices. Mo Wenlin also ran over to watch.
The efficiency of the first device is very auspicious. Sure enough, the effect of regeneration is immediate.
Xu Qiu touched Han Jiaying's cute little head: "The school girl is awesome!"
Han Jiaying cleverly rubbed Xu Qiu's hand: "Brother is also great!"
Mo Wenlin's face was full of black lines: "Meow, meow? You two give me enough time!!!"
Seeing that the result was good, Xu Qiu didn't stay any longer and went directly to the spin-coating glove box to begin the preparation of the second batch of devices.
At this stage, Mo Wenlin, Han Jiaying and their optimization methods, UU reading www. uukanshu.com is somewhat similar to Xu Qiu's previous work in the simulation laboratory, which is to first define a boundary condition, and then gradually improve the accuracy and narrow the scope of exploration.
For example, the previous exploration range is the polymer solution concentration of 6, 8, 10 milligrams per milliliter, and the rotation speed is 3000, 4000, 5000r.p.m..
Then the fine adjustment is to change the concentration by 1 milligram per milliliter and the rotation speed by 500r.p.m.
The reason is similar to the film thickness control performed by Xu Qiu, but it is not as intuitive as the film thickness.
However, for Xu Qiu, there is no need to be so troublesome. He already knows the optimal conditions, so he chooses to do it in one step and directly adopt the optimal conditions.
In this way, it is possible to omit the groping work that does not have much meaning in reality, and strive to make the device performance exceed 17% in reality as soon as possible, and it is also good to arrange the next work.
Including Mo Wenlin to NIM to send samples for third-party inspection, SEM scanning electron microscopy to test the thickness, drawing a two-dimensional map of the bottom cell, top cell film thickness and device performance, modify the article text, pictures, and let everyone in the group help Improve the article and so on.