Chapter 509: Ironworks (2)

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When the refugees in Qingzhou were still refugees, they did not pay much attention to the blacksmiths. At that time, the refugees only cared about money and venting their hearts.
However, after the refugees became rebels, the ambitions in the hearts of the refugees grew up, and they wanted to compete for the world. Therefore, for people like Gao Yan who have extremely high ironmaking skills, Qingzhou’s rebels also attach great importance.
If you want to fight, you can’t do without weapons, and if you want weapons, you need a lot of iron, and if you want iron, you need an iron master. Therefore, with Gao Yan’s iron making technology, you don’t have to worry about life. of.
However, Gao Yan is very clear that Qingzhou will definitely be in a state of turmoil in the future. The imperial court will definitely send a large army to suppress the rebellion here. By that time, Gao Yan and those who make iron for the rebels will be in danger.
Gao Yan is very clear that Qingzhou will definitely be in turmoil in the future. The imperial court will definitely send a large army to suppress the rebellion here. At that time, Qingzhou was definitely full of war. Once the rebels were cleared, Gao Yan gave these to the rebels. People are in danger.
Gao Yan is indeed an iron-smelting talent for the rebels, but for the court, talents like him are not rare at all, so once the rebels fail, Gao Yan will What kind of ending there is is imaginable.
In addition, at the beginning, when those rebels were mobs, they killed innocents in Qingzhou. They directly killed Qingzhou and bleed into the river. In the middle, some of the inevitable relatives of Gao Yan were also killed by the mob.
Therefore, regardless of whether he did not want to be held accountable by the army of the court, or not to serve the mob who murdered his relatives, Gao Yan left the Qingzhou with his family and finally became a refugee.
This time Lin Ze wanted to build an iron and steel plant, so he recruited people who knew iron making directly from the refugees.
Gao Lin was very clear about how Lin Ze treated the migrants, so he signed up immediately, and finally, with his brilliant ironmaking technology, he directly became the director of the ironworks.
Even Shen Lian, this person valued by Lin Ze, did not compete with Gao Yan too much.
"Wednesday, what are you doing with such a thick wooden stick? Can it burn through?! Hurry and saw it off for me! Really, such things can't be done well!"
"Remember, put the twigs underneath, and then sprinkle some pulverized coal on top, so that it burns better, and the temperature is faster!"
Gao Yan kept instructing on one side, teaching the apprentices around how to make good charcoal.
Many people think that refining wood into charcoal seems to be very easy, just burn the wood directly, right?
Ha ha, if you really think so, you are wrong!
Yes, after the wood is lit, charcoal can be obtained, but such charcoal can only be used for heating at most, and cannot be used to make steel at all.
If you want to make real charcoal that can make steel, you must first build a charcoal-burning kiln, and then move the wood into the kiln.
After everything is set up, ignite directly on the fire mouth on the first floor, and use the flame on the first floor to roast the wood in the kiln on the second floor. Note that it is roasting, not roasting.
The moisture in the wood on the second floor is continuously steamed due to the flame of the first floor, mixing with other waves, forming a gray cold smoke.
Note that because the temperature here is not so high, the smoke does not rise upward after it emerges from the chimney, but spreads flat along the ground.
As the temperature gradually increased, the coal and fine wood on the first floor had been burned out, and the wood in the second floor kiln itself began to oxidize.
If you have a pair of perspective eyes at this time, you can clearly see that the thermal decomposition reaction of the wooden material begins to change its composition.
Among them, unstable components, such as hemicellulose in wood, begin to gradually decompose and generate carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of acetic acid.
These substances directly follow the smoke and are excluded from the kiln.
The heat generated by the decomposition of the wood on the second floor gradually pushed the temperature in the kiln to the highest point, about 4 degrees Celsius. At this time, the wooden material in the kiln was rapidly thermally decomposed, and the surface of the wood gradually became thick and oily. The object flows out.
These substances are a large amount of acetic acid, methanol and wood tar produced by the reaction.
Next, from time to time, a bubble will blow up on the surface of the wood, which is a combustible gas such as methane and ethylene. They burn slowly in an oxygen-deficient environment in the furnace to release heat and maintain the temperature of the kiln.
When you get here, people outside can actually leave here to do other things. Anyway, the wood in the kiln will slowly react by itself, and no human intervention is needed in the middle.
Finally, depending on the humidity and thickness of the wood in the kiln, prepare for the kiln after 12-24 hours.
When preparing to exit the kiln, the chimney at the top of the kiln should be blocked first, because the chimney of the kiln is originally small, and the reaction in the kiln is under a very oxygen-deficient environment, which completely blocks the source of oxygen. The oxidation reaction inside stopped slowly, and finally, the temperature of the kiln gradually became lower.
If you are in urgent need, you can open the kiln early this time and then pour water on the charcoal; if you are not in urgent use, you can wait for it to cool naturally in the kiln to below one hundred degrees Celsius, and then open the kiln for carbon.
In this way, the high-quality charcoal that can be used for smelting iron is burned in this way.
Entering the charcoal burned in this way, it has extremely high carbon content, low content of phosphorus, sulfur and other impurities, strong reduction, and has a porous structure, which is more excellent than coke in blast furnace ironmaking.
However, the cost of refining charcoal is much higher than that of coke. In industrial production, such high-cost refining methods are not applicable at all, so gradually, coke has replaced charcoal.
However, Lin Ze hasn't started to make steel on a large scale, so it's no problem to temporarily use these charcoal instead.
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A hundred meters away from the charcoal-burning kiln, there stood five buildings with a height of 15 to 66 meters. These buildings are blast furnaces, which are used to make steel.
These five blast furnaces were built by Lin Ze with Gao Yan and Shen Lian.
Lin Ze had not built a blast furnace before. The only thing he had was some information about the blast furnace on the earth. However, Gao Yan had enough experience in building a blast furnace, and Shen Shen also had some. Therefore, Lin Ze was able to build a blast furnace within a week. Five blast furnaces were raised.
Of course, because of the participation of Lin Ze, these blast furnaces have undergone some changes compared to Chu's current blast furnaces.
The first belly in front of the head was wide, and the neck was gradually narrowed. The blast furnace, which resembled a high vase in Jingdezhen, stood at a position not far from the bank of the Xisha River in the steel plant.
This place is a sedimentary rock, the ground is very strong, even in the event of an earthquake, it can ensure the safety of the blast furnace, so Lin Ze will choose to build a steel plant here.
Speaking of the blast furnace, many people think that this is a very high-tech stuff, and it only appeared in modern times. The average person does not know this at all.
If you really think so, you are wrong!
Because the blast furnace was already known very early.
As for when it was early, the specific record is the time of the Western Han Dynasty.
Cast iron was unearthed in ancient Chinese relics in the 5th century BC, which shows that smelting in this era has been practical. The inner wall of the initial furnace was covered with clay, which was used to extract phosphorite.
Therefore, there is really a traverser who returns to the Han Dynasty or the dynasty after the Han Dynasty, and then wants to use the "Ming" blast furnace ironmaking to get the first pot of gold, I believe he will be alive and dead, because the blast furnace ironmaking In fact, it has been popularized for a long time~EbookFREE.me~ Not to mention anything else, the history clearly stated that during the Yuan and Song dynasties in the Northern Song Dynasty, the imperial military prisons set up blast furnaces on both sides of the Bian River, and the red light of ironmaking reflected the day and night Ceaselessly.
At the peak of production, the annual steel output in North China alone reached 150,000 tons;
It should be known that the so-called sunless empire reached an annual output of 76,000 tons of steel after a full 700 years. At that time, it had already begun the industrial revolution.
The entire Song Dynasty period, including the early Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, had a narrow land area, including the unfavorable factors that destroyed production during the war, and actually reached an average annual steel production of 35,000 to 70,000 tons. Advanced technology.
Unfortunately, alas
The construction of the blast furnace is not complicated. Even ordinary people can actually build it.
For example, in the late 1950s of China's modern times, the people of the whole country were called on to make iron and steel. Some elementary school students, villagers of production teams, and salesmen of non-staple food shops all formed an iron-making team to build a blast furnace to make iron and steel.
Although the technical level of these blast furnaces is not high, at least the blast furnace is indeed established, which is theoretically capable of iron making.
Of course, in the end, because the technology cannot be mastered, most of them are lost.
However, there are still some successes. Therefore, it is not difficult to manufacture the blast furnace. The difficulty is the ironmaking technology and formula.
Lin Ze’s first blast furnace is about 15 to 16 meters high, and the volume of the blast furnace is about 15 cubic meters. Such a blast furnace is larger than any other blast furnace in Chu Kingdom. However, if such a blast furnace is in the second In the eleventh century, hehe. , That's a joke!